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111111111 , '1 U1ա11pե11ւi:,յւu ւjեuրiաuւ, գj,U1աl.jցւtl t uեւjlաl.jա( 111l1111ul.jj, uահuաuաtjlաl.jւրթյւuuե11u ւ րlնTl1ուրlյւuuե11ը. t'1ո11ըոu: li1111\ր)ահաl1նTl 'll1աւIը ու '111եu li1աըUեl tlշաl.jույրթj, uj,ջոցւj_: lյաl11'")(ն 11111tl1ւյրթ t uU1երյ.ծւtl '111 հոգl.tո11 tւրթյաu tlj,ջոցւ.ը: UU1երյ.ծեւոկ 111111l111ւյրl tlա11րiը tljlաժtաtlաuաl.j uU1երյ.ծւtl է '111եu ('1նt1..կեu 'l I ,ժ1)եհu t գ11ւtl. «lյարրiu այն t հոգuո11ա1..կեu, '1նt ո11 է '111 uւերյ.1'1111ծ uշաl.jույրթ(l» ): lյա(ll'")ոt l, ւlշաl.jոt.յրթj, ւjlոtuհա11աpե11ոtրթյուU(l 1հ11juարiա11ը Ulilերյ.ծան ւt ւ11ացtlան 1l111ոցեu t: UյU աllեuը 1111u1tul.jայււl է l.jենրiանաl.jան աջtuա11հւll: lաոաtu աոանընացկ.ււl եu «աոաջն1ն puոգ:iյաu» l, «ե11l.յ11ո11րi pl1111pյաu» հաul.jացւpյւննե11ը: ե11l.յ11որ11 pնոtրթյւuը , '1utւկեu 111ll11ան1ջ, աj1lilե:jիաl.jU1եր,jl աշtuարհu t, Uաj1րlու ւjորյ.Ujlց Ulilնրյ.ըկ.ան 1\;u1l1ւյրl'1 աջtuա11հը: Uոաջ'1ն pնոtրթյոtն աuեււր նl.jաւj, ւնենը 1111ը1 րնւրթյուU(l, ո11ը գոյուրljուU է ւuեցեl ւlրutu ւlա1111l.յւpյոtU(l l, գ11յ111 րթյոt.U ւuti անl.յաtu ւlա11րil.յւր)յոt.նj,ց: Uոաջրu puոtրթյան այն 111111\.lը, հաւկ.ածըն, ո11ը llւ11u է ւlնացեl ւlա11րil.յաitiu գո11ծւնեւրթյան 11p1pu1tյց, ւկահւկաuկ.եւ '111 նաtuնաl.jաu, նաtuաuւերյ.ծ l.jւuաl.jաu 11l1ն'iu1ւjւll, ւlշաl.jույրlll հեl.11 կաlll փւui,. 11ա ըշակւյրl'1ց 11ւ11u pl111ւpյւնն է: Փիl1ւtiuուjlայւրթյաu 1..կաւըւ13յան ւlեջ «աոաջtiu pնւ13յան» l, 11փIUւjույրlր ըtiջu ո11ոշակj, հy.i11աpե11ւ13յւն եu ւեuեւ, ո11ոշաl.jtյ գl11uհաւաl.jաններ ւt.I.եl, որոuը ընրiգծեւ են աոաւ.ըեւաll.jեu 111jHգu1pաuաl.jան նշանաl.jոtրթյոt.ն ւնեցորյ. ll1ար1pեր1ոtրթյոtննեp(l: ' lplUնp եu" 111) Բuւրթյւuը գj,ջւը է ըշաl.jոt.յրltiն, որու.ըհեւlը. ti U1արlpեր1ոtրթյոt.ն ըշաl.jւյրl'1. pնոt.13յւնը անւjագըաl.jեp1..կ , անpանաl.jան , ցածpաl.jաpգ գոյացւրթյոt.ն t: I') Բնոt.րթյուU(l ւjաւilաը1 եւոtրթյուU t, աt.lեlր ւjաU1Ulը1յաւ, ըաU նշաl.jոt.յրթU ւ ըար1'1U եu: . գ) Բնոtրթյոtն(l l.jոt.յը1, U1աը1եը1այtյն ւժեpjl րթագաւ.ըոpոtր)յոtu t, ըաոu, որը t'1 են13աpl.jւ.ըււl pանաl.jանոtրթյանը: 11) Բնոtրթյոtնն այն pագակ.ոpւ13յոt.նն t, ոpl.11եl'յ. tiշtuւll են ըpենընեpըl, pնաljան աuհpաժեշւոtրթյոt.ն(l, ոpll1եl'յ. tկա pllահաըւրո ւt j,նոuաl.jաըւi:,յւն: րնւրթյան աi u հաtոկ.ածը, որը նեpաոկ.ած է ըա1111կայj,ն գ11pըւնեոt.րթյան ուոր1lil, նեpաոկ.ած t նաl, ըշաl.jույpjl ուորւ, որ ոt.l11111111, tlշաl.jւ.ըււl t, ւj1որuւ.ըւը ըար11ւ l.յո11ըt,ց: Տարiածpը, pնակւ'11111111ul1ան ըj,ջաt.lայր1ը անtl'1ջաl.յանորեն ագ11ւը են նրանււl 1111qր1111 ցերյ.երljl, ժtորյ.ոt.lոtրl'lUերljl, ագգոtրթյոt.ննե11'1 հոգեpանւpյան, 11t111111որւրթյաU t.lրա, 'lաl'նUուն uնորյ. ե11ա կ հակ.աlilաւ'1Eներ'1 l, նl'յ.ջ 1 •111l1ույրl'1 հաըարi: Uյ'1 ագրiեցոtրթյան հեւt..անյ?ոt.l ըարi11ւiա1հն

աուilւ\ iեգոp pնաljւpյան կայըlըl, Ulաըlանյ;?ըl 11աոնւil t հար,ագաu, հոր1, հւUյըlենt,.ը (այյ'l ilաui,ն հաilաll.lաU1աutuան Փոtuւil): Uար,11ւ u «աոաջt,ն pնւpյան» փոtuհար,աpեր,ւpյան ընpաց.ըւil pնւpյուն(l ilաըlրlու նljաuiilաilp եր,ljւ «կեր,աpեր,ilւն.ը» t 11րiuuորiկւil: Uյն րlեll.l.ըուil, եր1p ilարi11ը ծանաiոul t pնւpյւն(ն, հաջկt, նuuiւil նրiա հեui, pնւpյւնi(ն «Uնար1գuաuiրiւil» t նiր,անi, u ilաըlրl(ն կայեւուil t pնւpյանi pարit,ցնեըl(l, t,ulj այնi րlեll.l.ըուil, եըlp ilաըlրl(ն անiuiեuւil t այյ'l ըր,ենi.ընiեըlըl, pնiւpյւնiը ll.lաu,ժtւil t նiրiան, u կր1ա ենi հաuնiւil գոյաUնահll.lանաljան ծգնiաժtաilերit, 11արiաջրiջաններ,ը: Uարi11ւ u pնiւpյանi փոtuհարiաpեր,ւpյանi pանiաljան ljար,գակորiilաli հար,ցեր,ոկ գpարi.կ.ւil t tljուոգpաljան ilշաljույրl(ն, որiti ljար,uորiագւյն tuն11t,ր,նi t 11աոliւil հաuարiաljւpյաli tlյուոգt,աljան 11աuuit,ար,աljւpյոt.նi(ն, աiut,li.ըli ilարiր1lյանց pliւpյաli նljաuiilաilp հոգաtոաըl կ.եր,աpերiilւli.ըt, անհր,աժtեշuiւpյաli գt,tոաljցւilը u l'յ.ր1աU հաUաUնաlոաUtuան lաար1.ըագծp ըuակ.որ,ոulըն : Uոաջt,ն pliւpյան ilեջ iluiնiուil են նաu ilար,11ւ ilար,ilt,ն(ն (կիpգրiուոգt,աljան-ljենuաpանաljան uւputոանցt,ա), pնագ11ներ1(ն, ljր,.ըեր1ը: րնցնt,ն կ.եր,ցրiաը· ilար,11ւ ilար,ilt,ն(ն, աliգt,uiաljցաljան ilրi.ւilliեր,ը ilշաljւpայt,ն եր,uույր)Uեըl tեն: Բայց եր,p l'յ.ըlանց կ.ր1ա tոարiածկ.ւil t pաliաljանւpյան tiջtuանւpյւliը 11աոliւil եli ւiշաljւpայոն: Uեփաljանi կր1.ըեր1ը uitiրiաll.lեւոեււ ljարiո11ւpյւliը, ilար,iltiնը ljր,pեւը (կիt,գt,ljակաli ւiւււոուըlաli), աliգt,ւաljցաljաli ւiրtւilliեըlt, կ.ր,ա pանաljան հuljո11ւpյւնi pր,աljանացնiեւըl u l'յ.ըlանiց հնարiակ.որ,ւpյւններ,t, uւե11ըագորiծաljան յւր,ացւilը նւյlill.lեu ւiշաljույրl t: Uշաl.jւյրlն 11աոliւil t ilաըlրlljայt,նt, iափը ilարi11ւ ilեջ, u այU t,ilաuւոկ. կուււոուըlական ւiաըlրlու հաljոtոliյաli ոչ pե pliաl.jաli ilաըll'յ.U t. այւ աliljt,ր,pը, կ.այըlեlit,ն: րնiu;1ան յ:նաըlaյl t ւiաըll'յ.կայt,li iափը. այն.ըան pար,ըրi t ilար,11ւ lյւււոուըlանi, այն.ըաliւi ւiեl.jըl lոաըlpեր,կ.ւil t ilյւut,ց: Uարi11lյանց ւit,ջu երlան lոաըlpեըlուր)յունliեըlըl կիpգրiոlոգt,աljաli, աliաuiոilt,աl.jան tեն (այuւերt 11tiւկո11 uiար,pեըlուր)յւններ,ն tաljան tեն , որ,ոկ.հեtոu pուորiն tւ եր,ljւ ոui.ը, եր,ljւ ըեո.ը, եր,ljւ աւ, ilեlj pեր,աli, ilեl.j 11t,p ւliեli, .ըpt, եր,ljար1ուրlյուli(ն ljաt1 ljարiըւpյւնը, pերiանti t1եըւpյւնը ljաll կ'յոEրlուրlյունitյ անiհաuit, , անընակ.որiւpյան ւար,pեր1ti11են), այւ ւiշաljւpայtiն: Uշաljւյpt, uit,րiաll.lեւոilան աuւpծանոկ են uiար,pեր1կ.ւil ilար,11t,կ upilյաli ցt,ց: Uար,11ւ գարiգացւil(ն 11աոliւt1 t t1շաl.jույpti գար,գացilաli աliընiաljան ljո11il(ն: Uuiե11ծեւոtl. աոար, ljանiեր,t, pագilագանi աշtuարi հը· ilար,11ը uuiե11ծւt1 t t,նpli t,ր,եli, auակ.որ,ւil tiրi tւpյւliնi ւ հա ր, աpl:iր,ւpյւնiliեր,(ն: 'lա նiաu t,նiջնiակաւարiեւագոր,ծանi 1..1.lըlոցեu t: ջ. Uարi11ւ uuil:i11ծագոը1ծւpյանi ար1'1յուUյ;?ըl (ար1U1եկիակU1ըն) աեuii:ի t t,ilաuu, ւնiենա, այl'յ. ար11'յ.յունi.ըt, ilեջ ilաըll'յ.ըն 1..1.lնւո.ը

111111;111l1!1 f11.lwu111 11!iti: UnwrilJwlibriu pugupu t.{bflQflWO nt ufl flliwu111 111il1hf1, u2wlJmpw1tili wr,ctbJ;? tbli libfl4WJwgunul: U2w4mJpmu ,u1111111l1wlibfl[! Liw11114wlig hl:itnWJ?flQflnLU bu n� pb pliw4wli ••1111!1u6mp1wu, WJL nrin2w4fl li2wliw4mpJwli 111buwli4Jmliflg: UJl'l t1"11l11ul1mpJmuo wnwri4wJti tiuwu111u t: Unwri4wG puwutn t obng 1•t,p1111\ Liw11114witili hwriwpbpmpJmliGbflfl w2tuwrihmli: U2w4mJpfl 1111111111l1wli nrin2w4fl flliwu111 t UjWf1mliw4nul nt liflwJ!i utnbrt6nrtfl, 11111 1,l'n tnflfl hwliwri: I •1lllJUIJlWJflG 4n11uli WJ!igwli t 4wpl.nJ1t.{mli, nr Li2w4ntJf}(! l1111r1111fu 11fl111t.{mli t nf1Ujbu «pliwulllw4wqliwt.{npliwli :j>bunublinLn1111111l11UG w1111Jmliglibrifl hwuw4wpq\>: I U2w4mJpfl wnwri4wli Ujbtng t pwt.{wf1Wl1fl nJ1n2w4ti 111111ilwli2Limlig t.. '1flt.lfl n11n2w4fl ct.ti ub2: U2tuw111wugti gwli4wgw6 ,1111111111 lig llwri114wJflli npnzw4fl (GJmpw4wli, hnqlinp) uiwhwli211111l1p t pwt.{WflWflnLll, liWfll'lnL hwllw[l l'}wnumll oqtnw4wf1 (nt 11111111!1 nLlllPLPlllWfl, WJLl. hnql.nfl flliwulllnt.l): PwJg w2tuw111wligfl ,111111111,Ggfl i:izw4mpwJtiu uzwGw4mpJmG[! nt llflwJG Gpw oq111w4wf1 l111111ilpll.f}JnLUUbflfl Lib2 t. WJLt. WJU ct.ti Lib2,nri ltlflt.{mll t WJl'l ,,111111111 Gpf1Ci: Uwri114wJflli ot..[! hbGg wJCi t, tiurn 111wf1pbflmll t 11 111l11111pfl wnwri4wCi pCiw4wCi llwrillupg, nrint.lhbtnl.a wphbu111w6f1Ci ·1111111pl1wubriti Lib2 bG llwpliliwtlnrit.lmli flflwlig ulllbrt6n11 UWfll'lnL ·•111l1phfl[!, t.l'lnf10[!, qfltnbLf1!2C!, Gbp4wJwgGmll UflW ll2w4mpwJflG m 11111!11u1w4wG qwpqwgliwCi llw4Wfll'lW4[!: U2w4nLJpnti:i UWf1UGw4.nJ1t1111\ l,li ni utiwJ!i UWfll'l4WJflli qnp6mCibmpJwli !iJmpw4wCi Wfll'l­ ,111 llplll,fl[!, wnt.. libf1wztuwf1h[!: bpb liJmpw4wli Wf1lllb:j>w4111bp[! 111111,qomu bli liJmpwljw(i uzw4nLJf}, WUjW libriwztuwflhti UWJ1llliwl{n111111\p 11wnGmu t hnql.nfl Li2w4nLJf,, l'}flul.nrit.lmli wpljbu111ti u111b116w111111,111 pJmlilibf1mU, 4rnliw4wli, qb11wqplllw4wli UjWtn4l:ipwgntuGb­ ql1tnw4wli 111bum1,1Jmlilibrmu, ctn11nt.lf11'lW4wG pwCiwhJmump111111 1\t,2 1 lwGl'}l:iu qwlnt.l nriUJbU f1Liwu111Gbflfl 4rinrt UWfll'lnL 4nrtliflg ti 111l11lu16 t.. nrinzw4ti ot..ti ub2 l'lflt.lw6 tiro. UJrngbu[!. brt..mJPC!, 1,,1111111,tlo l'}wnGnul t G2wli: L2wGli wili wnwri4wli t, np[! hwG l'}bu t 11111!111 npUJbu LiJmu wnwr4wGbrifl uwuflG flli:PnriuwgflwJti 4rinrt t. · 11p11111q11J16Ljmu tnl:irtb4mpJmGGbfl obnQ pbflbLnt, UJWhl:iLm, ll2w4b1111 l, 1lrntuwGgbLm hwuww u2wGGbr bu 11wnlintu pGwljwli t, 111plil1111nwljwG LbqmGbfl[!, qfiflC!, 4bflUJWflt.{l:iutn[!, pw111rnli(!, 4flGnG, l,11111tl1111mpJntCi[!, wrt.{l:iu111ti pnLnfl u111bri6wqnr6mpJmGlibf1[!, 4pn11111l1111l1 1unrhfll'}WGf12Gbf1[!, 6bubfl[!, pwrn1w4wGmp1wG 4wunGlil:i[l[!, 1 1111111t1111ti (t.{writ.lbLw4wrqfl) UjwhwG2Gbfl[!, pnLnfl UJJCi wnwr4w1, 1,p11 11pnGg nrn2w4ti tiuwu111 bli hwrtnfll'}mli: UbGg WUJflnLU bGQ ni

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Sbu rypeauu n.c. ¢>UAOCOcj::,UR KYAbmypbi. MoCKBa, 1995, C. 120: Sbu KaraH M.C. ¢>UhOCOBCKaR meopuR ueHHOCmU. CaHKm-nemep6ypr. 1997, 68: Q.Ldr)bh, 1WU1(!GU1 t,n, tnl.wG, 2001, t2 260: rereAb. 3cmemuKa, T.2. MocKsa. 1967, C. 275. 5opMaH P. MoAO/leJK u AI060Bb. MocKBa, 1975, C. 40. Undbeti. oquiw4wpmpJwG. qGt, l. l'izolwpmmpJwG lfJntuhwpwphpmpJnLGCi olwutiG olwGpwllwuG lflh u KaraH M.C. ¢>UAOCOBCKaR meopUR ueHHOCmu: Sh'u l\eoHmbeB .LJ., UeHHOCmb KaK MeJK.aucuunAuHapHoe noHRmue: On MHOfOMepHOU peKOHcmpyKUUU. II BonpOCbl <j)UAOCOqJUU, 1996, N 4, t2 22-25: Qwphc,t,G Ldrµ;h, 1WU1(!GU11lf1, t2 333: Qp. '.)t,t tiG41iflJWG, 3wnw2wpwG If Cwrtti4. 1861, N 1, t2 1: Sb'u l\ypbe C.B. lllcmopuuecKaR 3mHOAOfUR, t2 138: .iwri.w ew4flfilnLf,JWU QdpnGmllGbrti llwutiu llwGpwllwuG mt·u CpasHumeAb u3yueHue uusuAu3auuu (XpucmoMamu• CocmoaumeAb 5.C. Epacos). MOCK 1998: Sh'u HaliJlblW B.M. npo6Ae�m UUBUAU3auuu B HayUHOU MblCAU Hosoro speM!! II '-leAOBeK, 1998, N 2, t2 22-23: Sb u l'IKoseu IO.B. VlcmopuR UUBUAU3auuu. MoCKBa, 1997, t2 41-51: Sbu WneHrAep 0. 3aKam Esponb1. MocKBa, TT.1-2, 1998, 1191.�bu Gwt.· Kap A.C. Oc><OBbl KYAb1mypo11oruu (MopcpOAOfUR KYAbmypbl) t2 384-402: so·u ToliH6b1 A. nocmu;o<eHue ucmopuu. MocKsa, 2002, tiGi.�bu Gwl. Kap A.C. OCHOBbl KYAb1mypo11oruu (MopcpOAOfUR KYAbmypbl}, t2 408-427: Stu .s::lcnepc K.CMbtCA u Ha3Hal.leHue ucmopuu. MocKsa, 1991, t2 28-288: st·u EMeARHOB IO.B. Pols.aeHue u ru6eAb UUBUAU3auuu. MocKsa, 2000:

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tuրitՏհ ագաUlուpjաU uկգpւնpը ilայlրlու հրiաt.l.ւնpներlհ րա կացւց'1ն ilաuերiհց t'iեկի t : uոյl ժtաtlանակւil t'iաpրlու հրiաt.lւն նեpj, հաtlաp ilրtt.l.որi Uյայրնարlն 1.կարոար tրi նաl., tuրiծ'1 ագաւուԲյ հաtlաp: Uոաջ ցաշեւոt.l. tuրitՏti ագաU1ուր)յաU uկգpւupը' աUըւԲl&I

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ti11եաtական Ujեtուpյւնpց tlոն11ոul t նոl)նpuկ ,ոuերiոuti utոերiըագորiըւpյւններlըը ւt pորiնոul upայն հոգl.tորl pնւյpp երiգեցորiւpյւն ւt հpuներi: j;նրlpUtոոնեուpյւնը եpե uկգpոul UjայըարlուU tրi անtոpկ արitlեutոti 11եu, աUjա կ-րi'l 11արiրց tlերiաpերiuւնpը ttiոtuւu է, որiոtlհեtոl.t ըl.tաtlորitlւu t արitlեutոp ut,ջոցւl pարitiն tlեր1արllոար1րlեtւ ըըUpոնուU, (ըUlրl նրlp Բարlու l.. գերiեցt,կp upաtlորlուUըը Ujեtոp t tոհl'lր ւնհնա աUtոնու uհջ: ժtան-ժtակ րlւuոն հtնւu tրi այն pեգt,ց , pե pարitiն ւ. գհրiեցtilւ ut,աuնական են, նրiանց ակւնցը կաtոար1յաւ Uարlր1կայj,u pնւյpu t, t,uկ tiնրո ptuւu t uարi11ւ pնական pնոգppց, աաti է ընկնոul pարiւpյաup նէ գհ11հցկւpյաup: Բայը ցա11աpակրipւpյան նէ հաtոկաUjեu արitlեutոti գարiգացւuը արiաtոաtlորlուu հն llարi11ու աոաptiնւpյաu ւt գհրiեցկւp1ան կւuական puւյpըը, որiti հեtոl.tանpոtl աոաջանւu t հաl.jաuւpյոi ն uարiրiւ pարiո1ական tltiծակp նէ արitlհutոp գերiագptոական uակարi11ակti utiջւ.t: ւ.Տուutոու գtոնiոul t, որi գե11ագptոականը ւt pարiո1ակաuը կջ1:.iոքti երiկւ նժtարiներiն են: րuաան հր1կարlուU նէ pեpl.tանւu t uհկըն, այնցան կարiծանուU t.. ծանրiանւu t UյուUըը: Uյutյնցն' Uարlր1U tiնրոան կոը1ցնոul է pարiոյա· կան tillաutոըը, այնցան ր1յուրlաըրlգtiո t 11աոնւu գհ'lագptոակարiti նկաtոuաup: ւ.Տոtutոու գերiհցtյկti uեջ անpար1ոյականւpյւն tրi tոհuնւu: ըհ11հցpկըը նն utiայն նti հանգոul Բարlուն, այւU հակա11րրl t նրiան, որiոtlհեtոl.. pարiրն հարipւu t կրll?երltյն , puկ գհրiհցtյկը կրlններlti հtiuցն է: րնրոան tորltlւu ենp գհ11եցtiկtiն. այնpան հեոանւu ենp pարiւց: ւյtiնն11եո գերiագptոականը Ujեւոp t pարiո1ականti արlւն ահայւուpյւնը ttյնp:Uրltlեutոp նUjաւոակըը Uարlրlուն Բ..արlԲ ր1արlննեtնi

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2, Uրitlեutոti գհրiագptոական uոtոեցւu: Uյu ւրiրiւpյւնը հtitl· նա11tiր1 նւնti: ,ածաtu հpuնա11tiրl t հաuարitlուu Կանւոըը, pանt, ոp նա t գերiեցtյկը հաuարiւtl այն, t,նրո րlուրl t գաtրu աոանց ջա· հաtuնրiրiւpյան: uեր1կայացւցtյ1ներ1tյ uեջ utոնւu են նաոt Բորitե րl(ը, t11գաո 'Tlոն, նuկար1 ուայlր1(ը: ուայւ'lti կարiծtipւր pարւյաliան la անpարiո1ական Փtրll?երl 1կան, այւ կան uփայն ւաtl կաu tlաtո գրitlած գր1pեր1: նlttuաtlորiը ըընpերiցո11t,u հածւյը utաtոծաոեtն t: UյU ոu1.րiւpյան ներ1կայացւցti1նեpp կաpծt,pւl, գt,tուpյւliըն, pար1ոյականւpյւնը ւ. արltlեutոը· որ1Ujեu գptոակցւpյան tiնցնոt րlույն ըl.tերl, ւնեն արllրlաըոttlան tiրiեliց աոանըtiն ըpյեկtոնiեը1ըը 1, այր1 Ujաւոծաոոtl ո·1 ըգնւu ւt ո'չ tւ tuանգարiւu են upuյաij նlptուpյւնը կարiգաtlորitlածւpյւն t lltոցնւu uերi utոpեոուփ, pար1ոյականւp1ւնը· աոարiցներiւll, աոtlեutոըը կարiգաtlորitlաըւp յւն t tոաըt,u tոեuանեtti, ջոջուtiեւ11 ւ. ըUեըti երit..ոգpներlpն: ,արiցփն

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կ.5. գtiււpյւն ւi ւեtuնtiփա գ.tոուpյւնը uշակւյpt, tոարlրl է, հոգ.ւորl գո11ծւնեւpյան ո11ոշակt, ըւ: եpե ա11tlեuւը. կր,ոնը որ1ջ աշtuար,հti , t,uկ pար,ոյականւpյւնն ւ t,ր,ակագtiւակցւpյւնըl uոցt,աւական tiր,ակաuւpյան հոգւոըl-Ujրlակtոliկ յւր,ացւuն եu 1,, հաUրlեU են գաltiu որ,ւկեu pնւpյան ւ հաuա11աւ1ական կյաupp ար,ժtեpայնոր,են գuահաtոկած ըըւIկաււl1ներ, ւ գt,tոեւtiԲներ,, աlյ.lա գptուpյուUըl tոաltiu t այ'lաշtuար,հti ըpյեկtոl1tl lյ.lաtոկերlըl, որւtl lj'ւ(lըուu է uջակւյpti կորiut,ց utոերiըած աշtuար,հր, ընUր1հաuւր, ւկաtոկեր,ը հաuաւկաtոաutuանեցնեւ ր,ր,աljան աջtuա11հtiu: "lեtուաpարl ո(lpաu գա(lգանiւu t գր,tուpյուUըl, pացահայtուu նո(l tւpյւններl, ը11t,նանաւtiւpյւններl, այնpան ծշգ.րltոtlւu t աջtuա11հti uշակւpայtiն ւկաtոկեր,ը. ւկակաuուu եu 11ր,անiւu գոյւpյւն ւնեցորi uւ pներlն ւ Uւկt,tոակ կեtոեր1ը: Uյu tiuաutոոtl գt,tուpյանi tuu11ti11ը ծանանո11.ական t , pացաtո(lական: ը.tiււpjուUըl pացահայtոուU t ծշuար,tուpյւuը: գ.ըltոական գր,tոեւliԲti pնւpագ(lերlն են աւկացւցեւրlւpյւնը, հpuնաtյ.ո11կածւpյւնըը, uր,անշանակւpյւնը: գ.ptուpյան ւ1ա11ւցկածpայրlն ւոարlրlերlU են' • 1, ւtiաuւական նյւp, ո11րl հեtո անutiջականոր,են աշtuաtոուu t գptոնակաuը. ո11ը կա11ո11. t ւtiնեւ ti11ականւpյան ո11ւ..t կորiu կաu utոայtiն ըpյեկtո, ' ջ. ա11աջրlն ըննt1հան11ացuան արlր1յւնpներl, 3. tlա11կածներl , կ, tոեuւpյւններl, uկգpւնpներl, 5. կաւեգո11tiաuե11ti ւ ըր,ենpներlti հաuակա11գ, ծ. ti11եաւներ, հ նո11uերl (ծջuա11ւացր,ւpյւն, ըpյ5կtոtitlւpյուն, tlեր,անընայնւpյւն, tո(lաuաpանականւpյւն, հաuակա11գայնւp· յւն, աUjացւցեըt,ուpյուU , գt,tոաւpո(lըt, կրlկւiեւtյւpյուն, tոեuակա նւpյւն, lյ.lարlգուpյւն, գերiեցկւpյւն ւ այւն): գ.ր,tոեըրlpըն հենtյ.ւu t երlերն Uյուներlրl tlր,ա· ւtiոր,ը, ւորlաUայ'.նա նւpյւն, րնննա11աtուpյւն: ր tոաppեր,ւpյւն հաtlաւt,· գր,tոեւրlԲ ըժttոկած t ըpյեljtորltյ.ւpյաUp, ւնt,tlերlUաւուԲյաUԲ ն, ըգtուu հաuանշանակւpյան: գ.ր,tոեըt,յ;իներ,ըն Ujեtոր? t հաUաUjաւոաutuաuեը որ,ոշակt, utոան11ար,tոներ,t,, որ,ոuցt,ց tiշtuորiըն pաtlար,ար, հt,uւնpl ըր,ենյ;ին t. ըuւ որ,t,· ոն ut, 'lրlույԲ iii կար,եtl1 հաuար,եt ծշuար,t,tո, եpi այն pաtlարlարl հt,uք նունt,: Տր,աuաpանական այU ւկահանջոtl գt,tոեttiԲն tոարlpեր,tյ.ւu ոն գpւեtl1i:1tiց: գ.ոյւpյւն ւնt, աոար1կUյ յակաU-Ujրlակtոl1կ ւկահանջ. ընUւո որ,t,' ծշuար,tուpjուUըl Ujեւոp աւl.jացւցtlt, Ujրlակtոl1կայուU: UյU ւկահաuջոկ ծշuա(ltոուրթյւUI uաuհն tոեuական կեծըն tոերiաւtiոtuկւu t lյ.lրlակtոl1կ pնագաtյ.աո:

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նիtittiuւpայականi գtitոեttitրո հաputոանiւu ւ, գա11գանiւu է' հtiuցոu'i ւնiենiաtւl ա) Uեlփlականi ժաոանiգւpյունilթ, հt,uնiաtuնiրiti11նiեյ1ti այնi ջյ1ջանiակը, ոյlը ըւ,աt,lո11t,lոu'i t lփltittiuոlփlայւpյանi tuանiըաpւ11ւu, ո11tiնi lփltittiuոlփlաliերlti յույlաըաUն.յույl UնյlուUրj նiո11ոi.tti t ւjեյlարiաոնiւu ti ջ11ջանiu յույl ւ, ցնiuա11կւll: p) Uշակւյpti lփltittiuոlփlայական tiւiաutոաւjոյlւllը: գ) Տւնյաt ժաuաuակաջ11ջանiti կենiuականi tiրոր1ւpյւնiնiե11ti lփltittiuոlփlայականi tiuաutոաt,lո11ւllը: րi) Uգգայtiնi ւկաւոllւpյանi l, lփltittiuոlփlայւpյանi աt,lանiրiւյpuե11ը: նիtittiuոlփlայւpյւնiնi ւuւuնiաuti11ւu t uuր'l--Uնtuuր=i lփlոtuհաpաpեpւpյաu ըu11հաuւp նյ1pնiափաtpւpյւնiuեյ1ը1: Բայց կ1Բւրuոlփ1այուԲյանi ւuւuնiաuti11ւpյանi ըpյեկւոը ոչ pե աոանiըt,նi uա1111նi ւ աշtuա11հu ենi , աո աշtuա11հti նiկաu,uաup uա1111ւ tոեuականi (tiuացականi), ա11ժեցայtiնi ւ գո11ծնականi հա11աpեյ1ւpյւնiuեյ1ը, աջtuա11հւli Uայlրlու կորiuuո11ոշtlանi ւ կեliuագոpծւնiեւpյանi utiջոցնiեpti pացահայւուtlնi ւ ւuւtlնiաutiյlուpյւնiը: նիtittiuոlj,այւpյանi հաuաp tlարlllը ոt pե tiր t tiրlերlti uեջ, աո uւpյեl1ւ, ոյlը lփlոtuւu t աշtuաpհը ւ, այրl ըlipացցւu· նiաt.. tiր,ենi: նիtittiuոlj,այւpյւնiը tiր ւjpա t t,lեpցնiոttl աշtuաpհր, ւ նipանiոul աւկր1որt ւiաp11ւ uաutiն գtitոեւtiընiեplթ հաuակաpգորiti, tiuաutոաljո11որiti ւ, ոpոշակti ւրiրiւpյաtlp գոր,ծա1111որiti ւկաpu,ականւpյւնiը, ոpը tti կաtոաpւu l, ոչ uti գtiւուpյւնi, ոpոt,lհեtոl, կ1tittiuւtiայուԲյանi tuն11tiրlը uարրiկանiց utiայնi tiuացւpյաtlp , աշtuարհti uաut,ն lթliր'lհանiւp գtitոեttiջնiեյ1ուj գtiնiեtը tt, այl այ'1 ն+tiւոհւtiընեptiu հաUաւկաւոաUj"uանi գոpծեt uոt,lոpեցնiեւը: ծpշtո աւկրlեtւ հաUարl գtitոեttiքնiեp, հաuոգuւնiց ա11ժեցայt,նi ոpոշակti հաtlակաpգ t անiհ11աժեշu,: Uր,ժեցնiեpp աշtuաpհը նաl, կ1tittiuոlj1այւpյանi (tlշակւյpti հեtո utiաutiնi) աշtuար,հնi t : Փիtittiuոlj,այւpյւնiնi t lթliր'lհանiւp ւutlւնiց tlշակւtl աpժաliաUյաւոt.lւpյանi, ագաtուpյանi, արlրlա· ր,ւpյանi , հաւjաւոt, , utipո, uր,pւpյանi l, աոնiti tlաut,նi , ցւ.յց ւոաttiu աUjրlեtակերlUյti ու գո11ըւնiեւpյանi այնi հնiա11աljոp ւրttiնiեpը, ոpոնiց uաp11ւն ագաւո ւ աpժաliաUյաւոtiւl կյաuց ենi աUjահոt,lոul ՓիtittiuւpայուԲյան հաtlաljաpգեpոul են գաpժiանւtl tlաp11ւ· ոpUjեu pաpըpագւյնi ա11ժեցti ւ liUjաtոակti ըllpոնiւuնiեpրր ՓիtittiuոlփlայուԲյունiնi t Uայlրjուli uոt,lոpեցնiւu աւկյ1եl Uր'l-Uրt• Բuրոt ւ C+է:;'l,b8rlնr uկգpւնiցնiեpոt.l, ոpոuց այն եpեց հենiաu1ո1 նiեpնi ենi, ո11ոնiց ւtրiա pար,ըր,անiւu t հաuարiակւpյանi որiջ հոգl,ո կյանiցը: Փիtittiuոlփlայւpյւնiնi t uոljոր,եցնiւu uեգ կհ11 կանiգըե աոըր,եականipց , եր,l,ույpliեր,t, եu,ւ,ւtl tոեuնiեt tւpյւliը, ըlipացlll

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'lt,gwpwCiwljwCi qt,U1wljgmpJwCi WJL wrnu Ci6 CiwhwU1ljmpJmCiCitflf1, 11t,gwpwCinq,11.uCi l. l/ltiLtiuni.t,wJnLpJwCi l/lntuhwnwptnmpJwCi uwut,O llwCinwllwuCi u,b u Hau.ablW B.M ¢UAocoq>UH MUq>OAOfUU. Om aHmUllHOCmU .ao 3noxu POMaHmU3Ma. MOCKBa, 2002. Sb u J. Mc Cabe. The social record of chrisli:onily. London, 1937, t2 32: Stu C U UflLnu.uwCi, dwllwCiwljwljpg ljflnCiCitfl. bnl.wCi, 1965, t2 48-49· C\wntq_t,Ci Llfl'l· 3nLJ.uti.t,bwCi, Ubn hnqbLnr, hw,ntCit,p[), «SOLf' !24U3Ubf'L !24U3Ut:;r t;y_ !lUUSnLOn3L UUSnLOn3». Uw,n wpnn Umr,p t2llpw6t,li, 1998, t210: =t Qt.nnqJwli, Uqq, wqqwJpli UjbuimpJntCi, wqqwJt,li llzwljmJp, bfll.wCi, 1997, t2 35: LnLJCi mbrimu: «UqwmwtunhmpJmli» hwuljwgmpJmlili wnw2t,li wliqwll oqu,wqnn6nul t wCiqLt,wgt, l/1f1Ltiun i.t,w U.1'1ntt,liqa 1713p. hflWU1WflwljLJ.w6 «lunphf111w6nLpJmliCibn wqwU1wfunhntpJwCi llwut,Ci» qr,Jmul· 4. Uw1111u t. l>.tCiqb tu, Umnp [)CiU1wCit,11...• t;n t.wCi, 1967, t2 214: f'w:p:jlt,, 4wJotr,, bnlJbnt, dnrinLJ.wom 12 hwU1nnnLJ., h. 6, t;r,l.wCi.1986, t2 135 · U.UwllnLpJwCi, t:;pljtp, t:;r, t.wCi, 1966, t2 152: LnLJCi Llltrinul, t2 175: LmJCi Llltrinul. t2 159: 4.Uwr,pu, i'pwlJ.nLCil111 hbqtuwCi l/111Ltiunl/1wJntPJWli eGCiwr)WLOntpJntCi[!: l.ibnwOmpJmCi, 4. Uwnpu, :ti tCiqtLu, bfllJbn. h.1, bn t.wCi, 1985, t2 456: U.LWU!WCir)JWCi, Uf\Jt,pwp UtpwuLOwgt, l, Ufut)pWflJW Ci p t;Ld LJ.bg hwLOnrmLJ., h. 2, bpl.wCi, 1982, t2 265: U.LWLPWCi r)JWCi, 4r,t)U1t,ljw. «Unu l, Y.wpr it,ptp», t;Ld 6 hnu,npnLJ., hwLOnJl 4, Cfll.WCi,1983, t2 220: 4.UWflllU, i'pwLJ.mCi11t, htqtuw Ci l/111Ltiunl/1wJmpJw Ci 11CiCiwr)wLOmpJntCi[) LtrwompJnLCi, 4.Uwn11u. l>.tCiqbtu, bflljbp, h.2. t 2 456: LnLJCi 111brimll. t2 464-465: ceo6o.aoMblCAUe. AOKK [l'K, nucbMO o sepomepnUMOCmu II AHf AUUCKoe .ll'K-.AOKK, .ll.ToAaH.a, A.KOAUH3. MoCKBa, 1981, C. 68. ULO LwqWJlJWCi, bfllJbflll dnrinLJ.wllnL, bpl.wCi, 1996, t2 319: L.nmut,CibwCi, 'lwuwqf1nl! l/111ttiunl/1wJnLptwCi . 4. 'llo tt,a. 1879. t2 153: U.QwpwQW2JWCi, 4pnCi l, pwrnJwljwCi II 'llwLnllw-pwCiwut,11w4wli hwCirµ;u. 1960, N 2, t2 192: Q.Ld11th, Ubo qwriwi.t,wp, t;r,l.wCi, 2002, t2 124: CnuHo3a 6. 11136 npou3., T.1. MocKea, 1957, C 576 UJu hwflgbpt, llwCinwllwuCi 11CiCinLpJntCi[) Lntu u. UwpquJwCi, ertiuLOn­ CibwljwCi hmllwCit,qll (UjwLOpwCi11Gtn l. tinwljwOmpJmCi). tnl.w0.1987: U.LWlPWCir)JWCi, LljWLnnrtnLpJOLCi, tld LJ.tg hwLOnpnLJ.. h 4, t2 387: Sb u KaraH M. 3cmemuKa KaK cj)uAoco¢cKaH HayKa. CaHKm-nemep6ypr 1997, t2 328: Sb u ry11blra A.8 npuHuunb1 xmemuKu MocKea, 1987, t2 6: Sb u 6opee IO. 3cmemuKa, T.1 CMOA0HCK, 1997, t2 33 St u KaraH M. 3cmemuKa KaK cj)UAOCOcj)CKaR HayKa, t2 41: «Qbriwqt, LOmpJmCi» (tuptLOt,4w) hwuljwgmpJwCi pnLJ.wCi11w4wJt,fi (lolpnCinulCibp� LJ.bntmllnLpJmCiQ LObu U. 4wqwCi/1 Ci2LJ.w6 w2tuwLnmpJnLCinul: Stu AeoHmbeB JJ..A. UeHHOCmb KaK Me)l(AUCUUO/\UHapHoe nOHRmue: Onblm MHOroMepHOU peKOHCmpyKUUU II Bonpocbl cj)uAoco¢uu, 1996, N 4, t2 24:

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pp հաliաUյարi.tiակեցոu1-ժuոpաւրiգացj,ա) եր,l..ւյpը: :յւ.ակ.որ,tlեւ են եկ.րlոUյական, աut,ական, ա:Բրtiluան , ւաւոt,նաi.lերրilնյան ւiշաlնւpայtiն ւոր,Ujերlը : Uj,աժtաuանակ, 20-ան րlարlp արiկ.եuU1ււi t, հայUl են եlնեւ ոuv1.ւp1ւններl (աpuU1րակցt,ոնt,գu, 11ա11աt,գu, կւpt,գu, Ulաշt,գu l, այtն), որոնցւu ագգ.այtiն ար,կ.եuUl գ.ոյուրթյուն iունt,: UյնUlեր'յ. հաuաi.lարրlկայt,նն tt ilնա: '1ա գւU1 կոuւiոUյուրiU1 ար,կ.եuU1 t: Uւ ար,կ.եUUlըն ներlկայացնո1'ը.ները tiրiենց ոչ pե ագգ.t,, այւ րlարlրi ւ ւlուորակt, ներlկայացւցրii են հաi.lարւu: .ըար1.աոակր,pւpյան գարգ.ացuան արi111ւնջւu ւlշակույրթներiti ոt ագգ.այt,ն (կ.ե11ագգ.այt,ն , աUյագգ.այtiն) Ulարlրlերlը ածւu են , ըն11ւնւll կոullոUյոtրiU1 pնւա Uւացած կրlրթուրթյան ւi ըւ.աtյ.որtlած աշtuարհայացոti հեU1l..անջոկ. արւ1եuU1j,, գ.tiU1ւpյան շաU1 ներկայացւցtiiներ tiրենց որոշակt, ւiշակույpրi ւiրորl iեն հաuարւu: :յւ.ակ.որ,կ.ուu է uարգ.t,նաtնե11ti (tաU1t,նե11են ւaրցiոal-U1եր1.աtlո11tlեt, գ.U1նtlեւ ծայ11tiն , tlերiջնաuաuւu) uե11ւն11. որiը ագգ.այt,ն uշաlնուpայtiն ար,ժtեըներlրi կյlնրյ. i t: Uարlր1կուրթյուն(թ pl..ակոtuեւ t հաUաUjարlւpակեցuան (ը.ւնԲաւրiգացt,այj,) րlարlաջյ1ջան: =iաuարաljւpյւննեpն ւ ւiշակույրթները րlարlնեt են pաց: Uգգ.երj,ն, հաUlljաUjեU j,նընուրlույնւpյւնը նոր ըեոո pերած ագգ.երit,ն , UjարlUlարlրltlոu1 են եtlրlոUjական, ափրtiկյան արժtեջնե11 (Ulեր'յ.րi t ւնենւu uշաljույpներti արit..ւiU1ացւu· րl.եuU1երlնացոււi), որ,ոնո որոջ 11եuւերւu հակա11րtlւu են ւtiոոր ագգ.երti ագգ.այt,ն ա11ժtեջնե11l1ն, UjաUlljեpացւuներti հաuակաpգ.t,ն, ակ.անրlույpներtiն: Uյu աuենը ժtաuանակակtiց ըարlաոաlյրpւpյան uա11U1ահրաtյ.ե11ն t ւtiոոր ագգեpt,ն: ոt1.քերi l.յարiո11ացան 11t,ւlաl.յայեւ, UյահUjանեւ uշակւpայt,ն j,նջնաU1t,Ujւpյւնը (iuեljւuանաւոtl հան11ե11ը ա շtuարհոu:i ընpացորi. գ.ործընpացներt,ց), կւնենան UյUjագ.ա:

1 tpնոգենեգp llաupն t,նցնաUlpUj. pայց հ ջաU1 հարցերրուll 1.U1ծահարւյց U1եuաl.jեU1 t նեpկայացնւll ւ.ւ.գւlltitհը: ւա գU1նւll t, որ tpնոuը pնաl.jանljենuաpանաljան երlհույԲ t հ աոաջանւll t հաllաUjաU1աutuան աջtuարհագրաi.յան հ կttillայաljան Ulայt.lաննեpուt.l: tpնոuը uահt.lանեtոtl որ1UjեU կt.նuափt,գtiուոգpաljան tiրորtւpյւu· ւ.գւt.lt,ւհը UjUրlուt.l t. ոp tpնոuը ենpարկtlւt.l t կենuուոր1UlԲ ըր,pնuitափւpյուններlpն հ հանրiեu գաըpU ոp1..կեu այյ'յ կենuոtոր1UlԲ Բայ'յայ'յրlԲր ւpա կարնt,ըոt1,, t.lեկ հագար,աt.lյակti lթնpացըուt.l եր1կրlԲ t.lակերեuը t.lp ըանp անգաll ենpաpկt.ըւt.l t U1pեգեpական ծաոագայpահաpւllնեpp, որոնը աոաջանւt.l են UjաUpոնաpայpն հpուt.l t.lաpրiւ գենp llւlllացpա: U)ր) հրlուUIթ tupuւ կարծաlllհ t: '-lեpջt,ն 3 հագար U1ար1tlա ընpացցւt.l այյ'յUltiuti ց հրւt.l t Ulliյ'յԲ ւնեցեւ, որոնցpց կը t.ltiնtհ t.lերl ր,t1,աpl1ոգ:i1ւնը. 5-ը tlերջtiն երկւ հագար U1ար1ուt.l: "lաupոնար,ւր,յան tուր,յունըն հեUlհյաւն t. t.lt,նit. UուUlացpա(i Uարlյ'յIթ ջրlջաUjաUlոlյ աջtuարհtiց UUlանւt.l ւ այնըան tնեpգpա , որ,ցան անհpաժtեջU1 t նրան կ1:iնuագորնւնեւր,յան հաt.lար,; "lաupոնարայtiն հpllան րյեUjըոtil, ոpոնը աոաջացնոul եu t.lւU1ացpոն եpր,, t.lա11րiը

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