Արտադրական սանիտարիա

• l1. U. 1Lli'\.A.Pl3ULJ, �. lf. UUPQ.U3U'b, �. Io-. �UlJ0�3U'tJ

UPSU-'1-PUliUlJ

UUlJPSUPPU

fl.. U. I).U1.,-'1.f.l3U'G, <.. lJ. UUP<+U3U'G, <-. rcr. {Utingsu1.,

UPSU11-PUliliLJ UU1.,PSUPf"lli (m umuGw4wG 6 bnliwpl1 pmhhpl1 mbfuGt14wl1wG t1wuGwql1mmp.1mGGhpl1 muwGnqCihpf1 hwuwp)

bf'l;4-l!v, «1,l! Ji.f'f-i>,, 2002

613 (07) J.. 5 \.204973 l!f1-UQUAU't., (Jmuuwqtui Im.ipwq!1p· fl... U. 'lwfiqp.uwli q.pw]unuubp' .:_(IJ.n.:. «l1h!lmuqn11itm GtmtpJu1G uilit]unu(iqmp.1mfi» 1u11µ\mfil1 qtupltt, ljtlg. I;. lutUttllfljlllfi bt1Ltufil1 (irn11u1tupt1m1hmmz[1 11w11tu11u1l1u1u ]1uuut�umu11j1 uwn11Lqum11. ,n.q.11-, ll[[lll.'J,. <l. ti. q.ppqnmw u bpl,t11fi!1 Ju. EpmL1u1fi!1 mGljlun ..:,<inr.:.-11 «C'!i11hu1lim11 mt.Iufi\1l1mq1ufi 1tm11111\11ulih11!1 I, u12Iu1uum1G!!tu.1\1li nrnmgthu(i tH,pnrL11l11n.1!1>, 1mlp!mG!1 t[tuJljt:. llJ.q.p., lpl!J ,!.. fl.tu(lttl:i'l)Wli

fl... U. C\.U1Gqpuwli, �. lf. Uwpqu1wa, .:.. fcr. .:.wtJ.npJwG 361 l!pmwqprn[iwfi uwfilmuu. pt1w (mu. obufiwpl1) /fl.. l:. CJ.wuq/1utuG, .::.. lf. UwpquJWU, ..:.. ra·. ..:.wl1npJU1U: luup. fl.. l!. CJ.wuriI1uwG.- bp.: L1Wl1pl1 hpwm., 2002µ., I I 6 t9: f1LumuG 1ulJ.mti dlm(impl111u\ vll(itupl11!uu) li(i m1t1prbp t1111mm1lf1H1l;mli ntn(lmGLpm11 umfi\1u1 1ut1!1111J!1(i qt.pmpbp1l1111 !11ri1!1111nb(l: vh(llJWJLUgq1uil brt m11Lmrn1tu11111lJ.1uG 1\(lumwl1mp h q11nuuqun[n(l qu11llnrilibp!1 hmJ•n· firnphptlmll m qliwlnvuinwfi 1\Lpn11/lhpu, mwpphp qliwutuljmpw1m1pJm!ifil,11)1 pntJLUllnJlb· lP Gn11uwGhp(l, thupqlj,ufig 1!11rn 111nu(ig uu111hymp.1mfi lJ.mCi!uuu,G 4w1\ (hjmqhg1\m(i uu1u1mwl1ml.1J.11pwml1111 muGJ11m11p1m11t.\11GJ1qml1mu 11J12ngmnnuHibp[1, oqu@qn11il"qnq 111upl)W· itnpmoCiL(l!1 m qnpo�.11rit.11\1 l1mumg1!mo.11w.1[1G 111111uG,ifiwln11uiqmpJmOGh]1[1, q]llllUg oqmwqn111t1lwG t,qm(lml1lihJ1l!: fl1umofi1utpufi <lhr1fimpt1li oqunul1mp lJ.tJtGl1 fiml, qtn.nmpJUlLI h mpunmumtpJ WU wztuwumqfibpjl h1m\m11: 4105010000 ------------------ 2002p. 705(01)2002

U1m1mqpml1wu umti[mnup)1wu· ll(lU(bU ophfiuqpwt1wu, Ull�J [1wi,mfiml,uw­ l1wu, U1hlulll1l1rul1wfi, uwCil1mwpwhl1q!Mil1l1 m 4wqowl1lipt4wl1wu tl]1tngw­ nnuililipl1 llwuwl1wpq, l1n�l[ wo t w2[uU1mU1fil,l}1 1.1Gpwgl,)mU mu1mlunlhLm pw­ r1Mlu.iwuu1 u1w1uwuutp' u1whu1wfitLm m2fULuuuu1Ghpl1 wnnq9mpJmfi[1 h w2!uwu1mfiwl1mpJmli[!: L:7]uwmwtinJ1 pwptfi�wum t4wJuwtifihp[! pwptpwp mq11l,gmp.1mti hG qn11c)mu w2Juwum11f.itp[1 bfinuu1qqwg1lllntPJWG t.[pw h qqwl]mpbfi pwpopwg­ fimu w2ImuuuuGu{l W[IUIWIJ[Ill1Wl(Wfimp.1mu11: UpUIWIJ[llH[JJtuti U1hluu[1l1ml1wli q[1(itJwompJwG, tlhuUirnJu1ythuli, lthl1m11{1.N1!1wguwCi, p{1ufu.uguwfi qwpqwgnuI[l, wnw9wt{np mb fuGn1nq!1wfibpJ1 lihJUJ.pmU[!, uM pwuwl1mpJwup unp li pwf111 mttuGhl1w1J1 lt!1pummU[1, wnw­ t.!b t IuuumtpJwtip IuCi11J1p t qlimd w2tuwu11UJ.f.ibpbli u1w2mu1wf.ittm wpmw11pwl1wG t{utw!iqwl[np li t.[Gwuwl1w11 qnpirn!iutp[1 wqqtgmpJmu\19, fit[wqbg­ fihtm t{fiwut[wauutpu m uwuuwq[mm1t1wu h[1l[U1tiqmpJntGlili[I[I lt Jntplll­ pwuump ru2Iuwuuumtqmu umbqabtm tuzfuwu1wu1111 wtiqmwuq l4lUJUUIU· [il,p: !JmJu mumofiwl1wa otnf.implm l1wqut[wo t «Upmwqpwl1wli uwli[m1w11[mm wnu1pl1w.1I1 qwu]!UpU1g[1 O[IwqpJ1fi hlUlltuowJfi, qnponq umwf.iqwpu11it­ pJ1 l, Gnpt\wu1)1t.[wJpfi qrnmu1wpqphp[1 h{1uw(i l[pw: 't.,pw Iufiril1pG t' mumqw­ Glit wpmwqpwltUJG t[Gwm[wompJmuu l.t uwuuU1q{11nw4.wG h(14.wGqntpJntU[! qnpo!iwl1wfinplifi l1wCifuhlI!, wz{uwmu.m1bqbpp w2Jurum wfipwJpfi tqwJtiwu­ uhp[1 qtiwhwmtm, �wq1!1� uwpptpb L !inpuwmlll[w.111u qiwumwpflPhp}1 hbm I1lipCimjllltJli l1bpu1nl[ w2}uwmtm, w2Juwmwup)1 pwphfiu1wum l1 wt:it{mwliq ll}lUJUUIUUbp uu1tqohtm hwuwp t.il12nywnmdGbp 02w t1tm:

q.lJ'1- 51.20497 J

© '1wfiIJl!u111(i fl.. IL Ullljl'}UJUIU <., lJ. <.tUljllpJtufi .:. ftr

l. <UlJlrU�flMit3flFl1 UU'utiSUf'P.U3ti UUUf.11: nP s l!.'1-r rn, [cl-3 llu c vb rtill3 l!.5'-lWL t Ul�ul•S l!.P l!.ti l!.1, 'll l!.� ff1__15 lJ bP C

Uwfiftwwpftwfi L1wquwl1liputwl1wG, hJ1q!1bGJ14 l, uwGJm� wp1umbJuGl1l1w­ tiwli ut1:,mgwnmulibpl1 m uJ1�mglibpJ1 hwuwtiwpq t, npf1 L1wliJumu t LJ.Gwuw­ tiiup t, pmliu14np qn11onliGbp!1 1uqqligm1�JmG{! tiw11ql(luGc1 LJ.pw: l!.Ju �buwmu, cnJuwtJ.np m2w11fl111pJlllU[l qwp64mu t oqwJJ1G uJ12wlJ.tuJpn� l, 1uG1\J1:,,wl1wG hl.l{UUJli uJ1:,,ngntJ. wql}l111 4Gwuwl1w1mtpJmGGbpJ1y llillfllllJwGg U{W2UtUjWGbL111 tjpm: OqwJJ1Ci uJ12wtJ.w_111ml UWfll]\.iWlig LJ.pw wqrµu] 4Gwuwl1�pmpJmGGbpl1 ptjJ1G L1wpl,1l1 t qtuub1 wGp1upbtiu1wum 11J141mluJ1urnG. tjmzt1Gbp[1, qwqhp{!, un1umli[l, !1(i.'ppu16tuJG[l, m1u1pw6wJCi[l, wGpwtjwpwp lJLUU pwpop u1w.1ow11rn p.1uili 1muwtJ.npmpJmlil!, t1hl1u1pwuwqGJiuwl1wli, J1fil>pwl1wr11!1p, m1mpw1\u1fim2wt1wqmJG, 11wq!111wl1mtitJ. l, WJl 6wnwqwJPmllfihp{!: U-wfll]ltwfiy 4pu1 4liwuwl1wp wqqbympJmfi 4wpnq bu pnqtilit L1n2m 11wp1q1Gut,11J1 pppumulil,pp (llJ1ppwyJnuG) It LJl111J1wl1wfi wl1mJ14 fiJmpb111!, bpp wn­ lttu t w(iu]12wL11uG hu1muG W.Jl.J CiJmptpJ1 h wnwpl11ufibp!1 hlit11: u-tupqliwlig qpw ulio iuqqbympJmG hfi pill]fimu Gwlt oqb11l,n�ptup wGtu­ _ ltwfi ll[UIJl1UlUUbp[l' oql1 pwp6p lJWll ywop 2bpuwuuiJ16Wli[l, (JUJl1!1G, wti6pl,{!, 6Jmli[l, wpl,J1 ownwqwwGt,111! l, wJ1G: '-ll�p[l ptjwplJtjwo qG1uu1ul11upmpJmfifihpfi wqqmu hG tlwfll]m l1lifiuwqnp0111Gb11tpJwfi Ujpngt,u]1 qpw' qwmwyfibtntl J1G12fiwqqwgill]ntpJntUJ?, W11Ill]2W­ ltwG tJl16wl1£1, pnqwgGh1ntJ m2wqp11tpJmGp, l12bgfih1ntl w2Juwu11nGtu4mpJm­ _ Gp: Zbuil iwpwp, Wl1Ill]2 l, pwpbGu1wum UlUJJl1UJGGhpl1 uml,qi'lmUJ? hwGqtmw� (innl I. 14hmwl1wG l, hwuwpml1wl1wG l1wphnpwqmJfi ]:1.1Gq!1p, npl1 1mo11wli uwl1w1ll]wl1ntl u1wJt1wG1uqnpqwo t hwuwpwl1mpJwG wGqwufihpl1 wnl11]2mp.1mlig, fipwGg w2]uwum1Ggl1 wpu1wqf1Ill]wl1wGmpJntGI!, w1m1wqpw4wfi, t1hGg1uqwJ]1G L. mpwfiuu1npmwJJ1fi tjfiwutJ.wompJwG wnw2wguwG hfiwpw­ tlnpntpJmfifi m owGpntpJwfi wum!16wfi{!: <.l_fiwuwt1wpntp JntfiGhpl1 wqqbymp.1mG]1g ll Wflilltwfig UjW2U1 UjWUh1m Iufiq!1pfibpfi mtlbtl1 t1wphnpntpJmfi bu umwfimu wpmwqpntpJwfi 11b2, npmhq u2mwUjbu wnl1w bu 4fiwuwl1wp lt pmfiwtlnp wpmwqpw4wfi qnponfifibpJ!:

ll1umbq UJ[llllUll]J111LPJlt1lili oqGmp.1wG t qwtlm h!1q!1hliwG' q!nnmpJmG, npfi llllllllllUlllllllJ11lll1 L 1u2tuwurnqj1(i 2(1:,)UlU(llllllill] UlplllU11]pUll(Ul(i uJ12wtJ.wJp]1 l, ht.liq w2Jummu1G1lwJJ1li u11mgliuGl,pJ1 wqqbgntl}JlllU!! tiwpql1wGg wnnq2mp­ .1wli qpw, l, 1121ul1mti t. u1Ghpu1dl,2m uwlijmnupwh]1qJ1t.GJ1l1 l, pmdl1wuJuwp­ ql,tl1� 11!12119 wnmuG bp(l: Zw11w6w.1G w2Juwu1wlipu1.1!1G ophGuqprl1 hwuwu1wmwujuwG hnq4wo­ (ilipl1' uwlijiu1w1nul1wG t\112nqwnmtiGhpJ1 l1wu1w1m1ll(l Gwtuwu1bu4nnl t ql,nhu 6bnG1upl1mpJtt1G GwtuwqMwG [JGpwgpmu, J1G�u1bu Gtul, G11wGg hli­ unuqw zl1Gwpw11111pJwG, uwpptutjnpn111Gbp!1 h ubgbfiw(ibpl1 unCimwduwG, 2whwqnpothuli h Gnpnqtiw(i [1Gpu1gpm11: Zwu u1tuu1tj tuo uwlijn11u1pu1l1u1(i tl(WhwG:,,libp{! 6l,wl1bptl(LJ. mti Ui uunuG111u1n11li l,pj1, uu1Gjiunupwl1mG h 2l1(iwpwpwl1wG Gnp11mGlipj1 u1hupn4 l, rn(il,li ophG1�l1 met: l1:.pu1u111pmp.1wli �JUJLil(UJgwo pliwq1u4wnmu uwuliwqhm(ibpl1 l, qlil11u4wp(ilq1j1 tu(iqJ1pG I. rnLnP w2Ju1umwmh11hpm11, w2JuwmwGpw.1j1G mli111mlw­ ulqmn\ 1\l,pbliw(ili[1j1 l, mhtuGnLnqjm1l11uG uwp1J1utjnpmtilibpj1 LJ.pw w2lmu­ mwli(JJ1 U(WJtltuGlil,p[l 111.whtl(WGt.1 wlitJ. mwGqmpJwG uu1wGq1upu1Ghpl1 ( l1:.l1:.U..:) l, uwG lm1wpwl1u1(i Gn11tiwlibpl1 tl(WhwG2G hpJ1 uwl1wpqu1l1J11i: ti:.pum1111m1l1wli uwGJm1w11lm1.1l1 hwpghp11 112wt1htlrn wGhpwclh2m 1. Om­ juwu1l,u j1uwGw1 wpunuqpw4wG 11t12wtlwJpl1 pGmJp(l, GptuGm11 wHl(tU 4Gw­ uwl1wpmpJmG(ihpJ1 u1l,uwl1G m pwGwlw l, u2wlJhL hwu1uu1wu1wuJuwG 1\J12n­ gwnm11Glip 111u11ql1wGy 4p1u qpwlig wqqligmpJwG t1wGJuuwli hw11wp: l1:.pmw111rnqJJ mGnttl uwli j1mwp1ul1 wG Uj whwG2G bpj1 l1 wmWfllllll[l Gu1Juw­ llllilllJ.m ti l: (ipw lituJuwqouwG, 2J1UW(llil(UUPJUJG, unGmwctumG lt 2whwqnpo­ l1UJG [](ipwqpmti: Zu111u16u1JG l1wGnGGhpl1' 1upu1wq11wl1wG opJhl1mJ1 2J1Gwpw1m1})Jtt1G hw­ uw11 tl(blll(J t t1Gt11p4J1 n1m2wtt11 ph(llllPJWllp, hwpp 11wl1bpbuntl Ulbl]llltlUIU, np11 mGl,Gw pGwl1wG vwuhwp11wG l, w11l,J1 6wnwqwwGhpJ1 wq11t.gmp.11uG hliw11w411[111tpJ11tGGbp: CJ1(impJmG11 Ujbu1p t hwuwu1wmwutuwGJ1 w1m1w1]pntpJu1(i plinqpJ1G l, u12tuwumqGbpj1 ptlJ1G: 3mpwpwG�Jntp w2Juwum11J1 hw1\tup uqmnu1111wl1wG 2tGpmu Ujbmp t GwJuwmhutl]1 n� u1mL1wu, 1�wG 15 112 tiw­ l1t,phu L1wti 4,511.1 om4w1: Utjh1�1ml1n1Jl1li :,1bp11mp.1wG, JunGwtJ.mpJwG, tjm2m, tlGwuw4mp qwqhpJ1 l, qnp1p2J11ih11J1 wul1WJllllJJWUp ml,qwuwul,11G Ill uhGJw4Gbp[1 u1hu1v L mh11w­ p1uzlutJbG hJ1tiliwl1wG wpmwqpwl1wG 2bligj1 wpuiwp]1G UjUJmbpJ1G 11nm l1wu u111wli6J1li 2!1GmpJmfiGbpntll: CJ1Gmp.1mGGhp[! Ujbmp t mGhGwG hwp}) hwuiwl( iJwiJl14wiJ wpmwq­ Plll})JUJG pGmJpl1G hwuwu1wmwutuwGill] owol1ntl: Op]1Gwl( bpp wpmwq­ [lntpJmlimu oqmwqnpoqm11 hG ppmGbp l1wu WJl 1uqpbuJ1tl GJmpbp, wu1w 2!1-

fimpJtUti hwunulJll u1hmp t owol11.U1 mt!Jllll UJmphpl1 wqqhgmpJmGpg mmJ­ pwJtllUJ fiJmpntl: Chupmu llltmw t ot12m mhqwpw2Jutlhfi puwl1wG lt wphtuu1wl1wti oqm­ t.JmJumpJwfi, tmuwtlnpmpJwfi, I1Gi_ uiliu fiwL £bnmgdwfi hwuwl1wpqhp[!: (lwgl1 hlnH.iwl1wu 2!1fimpJmfifihpl1g, wpmwqpmpJmfimu fiwtuwmbut.Jmu odwfiqwlr 2fJ.CimpJmfiCibp' lnuuqtpo.wpwufibp, gfigmriwpwfifihp, qm­ a Gwl, t qwpwfifihp, hwfiqum)1, ufiuwfi L lllJl uhfi1wl1Citp: 1.,thufi 2f:lfimp1mtifihp!1 �w41hpp n11n2tlmu l;(i' htfib1ntl CipwCigmu mhqwqptlwo uwutm1wpwmblutiJ1t1w­ ltwli U:!1£ngfihp!1 li Gpwfigj1g oqmtlnq uwpql1wug Ptl)1g: Op!11iwl( 1mpw1�tuli�­ .1mp 15 w21uwumaj1 lnuuwp uitm1p t flwfuwu1bulit uhlr ttl1Ug1Upwti, Jntplll­ uwlitJmp m2fuwu1naj1fi' tll,t1 hwfiqlipowuiwhwpwfi l, WJtfi: t!Jfi obnfiwpl1mp3mufitµfi m qpwfig wnwfio!1fi 2J1fimp1mGCihp[1, npnugnul t1wunupt}m1 u1lilu(ininq!11U4LU(i u1pngbuub11[1. hwGq)mwGmu h(i tlfiwuwl{wp' pmuw4n11 l, mhw6 hnmbp uiwpm(itultnq fiJmpbp)1, wqumld1, tll1ppwgJnu1)1, nqmp1uau13Cil1, l:1l,l1mp1UuwqfiJmwl1wfi 1Utl111Ghp)1, uunumfilt ltlil1mpwl1tu­ Cim pJwfi, ImCimn11wa tiwnwqIUJpuwu L WJ I t.JCiwuwl1u111mp1mfiGbpl1 Wllf'Jm11, LL}hmn I: mlif1Wpw2IutlhCi pGw4w4wJpl,p!1g nrm2wl1/1 hbnw4npmp3w(i tlrnu: LJlllllfi i•CiHhpfi m 2)1CimpJmfifil.ipp, lrwful{w<) wpunuCibunl_nq t(fimuwl1tupmp­ Jmfifilip/1 p!imJp!1g l, 2P2W41ll uj15nu�wJpl1 m UWJU1l1wfig 4pm mfihgwo wqqli· gmp3mfil1g, pmdmfi4mu hfi 5 qwu[1 (9, wq. IO. I): 3nq:1wpwfi�Jmp qtUuJ1 hWUUlJ.1 fiwfuUJUlbUtlntU t. UWU[lU1WJllllU!W2Ull4lli· fi!1� qnm/1' l-f1Ci qwuI1 htuuwp 1000 u, 2-pq' 500 , 3-pq' 300, 4-pq' J OO t. 5-pq' 50 u llllJUntPJWUp: UwfiJm11upwu1m2um1wuf1L qnmmu pmJttump4mu t mbqmpw2luht pJ11 t1fiwuwl1wpmpJmfilibp 1UJ.1U1Wfiburnq U1pu1w11pwl1wfi 2tfiphp h odwfiqwl1 4wnm1guhp (pw11ti)1pfibp, uJwhhumfihp, ciw2wpwfiuhp, hp2h2 qbutn L UIJtCi): Upmw11pLL1l1wfi l, 4MigwqwJ)1Ci 1!1timp1mfiCihp11 u1hmn t. lllUIIUhmJ.tlbfi utu­ pmp Iuuhp11 )lpmj, mliluCi!1l1mt11Ufi s,pntl, ttlilJuipwt.fihpq!1wJntl, nwq!m li hli­ nwJm1uwl1mutntl: \,pwfignni u1bmp 1. wulrw 1I1uLfi lll2luwmnqfil,p{1 qbfluw­ qnpcrmCilimpJmfifi WLL[Wlm!lnq pntnJ1 wfihpwdli2m u112ngulip£1: 1.1 . Ef'Sl1'Wl:4L!l., U1'.QU,l!l3f'J:. UQ'1-h8rn·fcl-31lr-'t,f2 Ul!f'')..l1Ul.,8 ,U'U: lJl).QlNU3Pt> PL!PbU!'-lUl.n, fll-'lJl"ubPQ 5wfil1wgwo w2fuwum1up 4wmwp4mu t nJID2w�l1 ti!i2U1lJ.lllJJIDIU, L 1.twtu­ i.two mpmwqp1Ul1wG uiwJuwCiGbpJ19· uwpqm opqmGpqtl[! tfipU1pl14mu t. .'pmfiltg]mfilllt tl1nqm]mupJwfi' hwpuwplJ.btml wpmwqpUiqmfi uI12wtlwJPJ1fi: Upmwqpwl1wfi uj12wt.J.wJp):l wqqbgmpJmGp uwpqm opqwfij1qup tlpw uiwJ­ UIUuwqnptlwo t. hhu1L.JU1L h!1ufiw4.tufl qnpi'fnfifibjllllj_.

I. ShJuGntnqlnutrwfi UIJID9hufihpp wnwCiduwhwml1mp1wup, uwppwtln­ rmuGbJ1)1 ol,wtlnpuwt.111, t.ihpl.fiUIJlUgtiw(i It wljumuwunuguwfi wumf16wunlj, hbuwljtuuwtjwpuwfi h lllqqwplllpj1� hwpt1wpwfipfibpJ1 uin4w.1mpJ1Ut1p, hhp­ ubw)1lJ1up.1mG tuUJtuhmtuwup, uuiwmupl1uwG hwpuwpmpJLUUp: 2. U2}umum1GpJ1 l1wmwpuw(i :f>J1qjmtnq}1U14wu L hnqbpwfiwlrwu pfimJ­ pnt}' l1wJutlU1i'f wzfuwmwfinwJI1G ql1p1�l1g, fiJtupqm1I1u, qqwgumfi1JwJt1Ci L ut1mGlUJJlG LWPtlUIOnLJ}Jnttilig h WJLU: 3. U2juwu1wunt1 uwutm1mpwh)1qt1liGJ14 UJWJUtuflCibpnt.J: ltpU11UI1PWl1tuG uj12wljtuJJIDUI wnljw WJq qnponfiGbpfl tu2fuwm1UJJ1 tl_pw t1wpllrf Mi wqqbl utuuuJ1G l1wu wnwG0)1G-wmufid!1G: lfwpqm l1buuwqnp<'TmGbmpJwfi UJJlllghumu u1btufiJ1l1w1J1 uwuuwligmp­ Jmflfi J12l;gCimu t :j>J1qJ1l11ul1wG owupwpbnGl.{wompJmfir fipw qnJlbmGhmp­ JWfi wuu1tupbqmu, utul1w1fi, u1mu l1nqut1g · fipwti!19 utwbwfi£mt.i l qqwJm­ l1wCi opqmfifil,pJ1 (mhunqmtJJLUCi, 1unqmp3tufi) wl{li1J1 pwpap 1wpmu, tiho m2LU11fllll l}Jntfl l1 mcthq nhwliqJ1w: lJwruµu qqw.1wpwflfihpl1 llllPt.Ju11'lmpJmfi11 l1wpnq L rw11orwGwt l1wu !1yuh1 uq1u1wp)1G qnpanGGt,pt1 (ut12wtlw111J1 n1w.1owfiuhpl1) wmuudltfi t1wu llwuwl1gl{wo wqqbgnq>3mGJ1g: f!1Uphfiu1wum ti!1£wtlmJp l1wpht11 t wu1wlml{ht' ppwqnpot,uut hbuJl,JtuI uj1:,mgwnnu.itihp[!. I. U]14JllllJ1]1tiw1)1 gmgwti)12Gtp[! ouiml1tltul IU)ldligubpp uwhuwCitlhpnn1 u1tuhU1LUuli1ntl: 2. U2Juwunufip}1 l, hwfiqumJ1 6]12u1 l1wquwl1hputmunl{: 3. U]1£1Utlw11iti o.qmu t.1m2m, t}fiwuwt1wp qwqhpJ1 l, qntnr2l1fihpJ111wfitul1I1 Gtjwqhgnuintl, f1G,u1bu tlUilt wfihwmml1wCi u1w2um1wumpJtufi ut12ngfilip l1'1pwnlitrnl 4. Lwtj llllUtutlDJIDlpJntfi WUJ.U1Jm4h1m/: 5. b£byfibtntl Luquml1!1 L. 1.J.11ppwgj1wJ!1 uU1l1wJU1w411 upfi}li fipwfig pmJ1wmpb1J1 umhuwuutpp: 6. l1J1pwnht ml h!1q)1t,Clwfi lUlJ.!Whntlnq u}12ngmnmufihp (lutibtm, mbJufi}1t1wl1wG, t1hugm11w.1J1ti £pn4, tl{wgnq t. UWP-Jlllll fiJmptpntf., utw2u1uiwfik pumlJ(i t·,pnl{, l1n.1m11nl{ wuiwlm4mu): 7. Chu12hp)1, w2{uwmwmt,ql,p}1, Iugj1qtihpl1 qmpbqtuG dL.tutf.nptfwup: 8. l!zluwmwfipl1 qf1mwl1wfi qwquwl1hpu[LIwfi fihJU1pli'wtfp: 1Jw1uim l1lifiuwqn11omfitmpJwfi wuiwhni(mup Iuuumpbli uiw1uwCiwtjnp­ t1wa t: tlbpnhf12Jwl uti2ngw11muGbp}1 l1wu1wpuwfi uw4wJU1w4n4., hhu1ltm­ pwp, lmq mwfiht UUIJl.llilL ljJUJCipp, wnnri2mpJwfi lt fiutwmwl{wutwg qnpom­ fibmpJUICl hwuwp· u2wuwl1mu I: u2u1wuthu hbu1libt qpwCig 6)12m t. dwuwGw­ l1I1Ci t1wm1Upuwfi[!:

UpuuuqptulttuCi uw(ilm1w1111w.111 mhmuCilumul1g lJU1[1lill[1 u2wu1ul1mtlJl11 (j m(il;(i u112wtJ.w.111l1 011h11l,mpwpw(iwl1wli l4lUJUlUUUliJ1I} t. u11111ml11)1uw(i, n­ pn(ip quwhwmtJ.mu h(i 01111 2hp1lwuml16wCin4, hw11wph11wl1wu funuw4mp­ .1u11lp. 21upduw(i wpwqm PJWUp L 6u2u1uup: .(1u11lt t U2hL, 11[1 lll1l1pnl11)u\w(i' l] ll1uw(i t 41wl1 UlW[lWOillpJlUU llhy (2hli12!1 lit.11umu, ut.phuu1_1l1 Jugl1l1nnl l, w.11Ci): .(hmLwpwp, ph l11Julw.1l1 I, ph ul1lum­ l11)1uw.1l1 u1w11wut.mpb11l1 tlmtJ.m]umpJmU(l lltu[llllJtulig opqwu[1qul1 tJ.11w mCih­ (innl li(i CimJG mq11hgmp.1mli1J u24wo u1wpwubmphp[1g .1m11wuwu:.1mpl1 l1wp111l1 41114111]11mpJmU(1 l1wu pm.11mmplitl1 Ci npuwubp[1c1 2trimu11 qqm1[1 mq­ ril,qmpJmCi t pnriumu Ulll[lfjnt [1(ip(iwqqu1(JI1f\lll!)JlUU, w2tuwu1wlinl1 IU[lUllllf]­ [lllfJWl1wlimpJWU t. wG4u11u(iqmp.1wG w1qwhn4uw(i 411w: E.J11 u1wu16w1m4, 2l1(impJ1u(i Ciw[uwqoowu 11upwgJ)1UU u1L,m12 t Ciw)uwmbu4[1 lll1l11ml11[ul1u.1[1 q111 q 1uli]12 (ihpp uw(i[muu pml1m(i (i111111wli lipntJ. pmJtwmptJ. nri uwh11m(i(ibpnnl u11uhl,111 wu1whntl£ll1 1\[1ym11u1mnHil,11: Uu1wlil}lll[lUI(ihpmu (lllfJ. I) uq14mu h(i u[1l1pnt1t11uw.1[1 gmgm(ij12Gt.pl1 lU[l­ dbpliliJ1[1 l1011[1 uw1)[1111p.1u1(i cp11gwli[12Gl,p[1' hw24[1 tunGb tml l1u1mm11tJ.nri 1112[muu1w(ipGhpl1 pGmJp(l, puwt11J1uw.1wt1wu qnm}1G L u11up4w uhqnu11: S!liptfwumft6w0ft pw11611wg111u[1g tJ.wmwGmu t opqwG[1qul1 yb11uml1w11qw4npmu11, pnqwumu lllJWfJ[lnlpJlllU(l, tJ.mppwCimu t opqmu[1qu[1 nhwl1gJ1wG mhunriu1l1wG l, 1unriml1wG q11q[111Gh11[1 Gl1wmumup, fuw[uu14mu l 2wp­ dmuuhp[1 l1nnpri[1Gwg[nuli, wpwq1uGmu t 2CitwnmpJmG[1 l, upm[1 w2[uw­ wwG1211, uhawGmu t R[llllUUl[llllWll[111lpJ11lU(1: .Qpm[1Gp[1 hhu1 opqtuGl1qul1q hlmwGmu hG uho pwGwl1mp.1wup 1urih11. 5 h � 4J1mwu[1GGhp: ''1Gqwu11nl l ll111.JlllCi[1, lU[lJWU uh:,i ul,owGmu t. l11upu[1p quriJ1l1Cihp[1, JWQW[l[l l, l1ww[m1u11 f)lUUWll(l: J--.2umu t UU1WU11puwh.1mp[1 pptJ.w.1GmpJ11LU(l: lJbawGmu l opqw­ G[1qul1 l1n1 111[1g wa)uwyph11[1 l, uu1[m1wl1mg[1 aw[uu[!: '-lww hhmliwGgGhp l1wpnq t: mGhGwt Gwt. pm.11wmp.htl1[1g gwap 2hpu1uu­ m[161u(i[1: l�Ju 11t1qpmu UW[l)l[1 l1wp11fJ t. upuhL h[14wuqwCiwL cn1mwhwp4b1: Qlipu1uum[16wGw.1[1G 4mtJ.mluml}JmCiGhpl1G uwprm hwpuwptJ.mu l 011qw­ G[1qu[1 :,ili11uwl1wp.qw411puwup, np[1 2G11ph'14 opqwCil1qup. 2tpuwum]16wup 1qwl1LqwG1[111u t 36° C uwhuwGGhpn1u: OpqwCiJ1qU[1 2IJ.2Wl4WU1I1I\ ul1:,iw4u1.1[1[1G :,ih11umpJmu t hwqnpqmu l111G4hug]m1.1[1 (mptJ.£ll1 (lUqhwGmp 2tpumpJtuG u11mw411pw14bu 30%-[!), !'iwnwqwJPUWU (45%) L 12p.mJ1 CigJ1 q11111112]1wguw(i (25%) 1l[1�mg114: OpqwGJ1quJ1 4£ll1ll]1g u112wt1w.1p]1G 4111}uwug4nq 2hpump.1wG gwumlt[l 4w]u4wo t UW[lilllt uwpuG[1 2tp.uwump.6wli[1g, ppmCiwpu1wqpn1p­ JtuG 12wGwl1l1g, u12JuwmwG12[1 awupn1pJmCi[1g, UW[lilllt �J1q}m111q[1wl1wu tl!16wl1[1g, [1G�u1hu G1ut. ul12w4tuJ[ll1 ori[l 2hpu1uumJ16wCiJ1g, hu111wphpwl1wli

junlin14mp.1mtilu1 l, 2wpduwCi wpwqmpJmtil1g: 011l1Citull l111ti4litigl1tuJn4 :,Jh[1L\tu4111Juu1Ciymu11 u1l,q]1 l m(iblimu 1iJ1u�h u112wt1ww[1 01111 +30°C :,ibpuwumJ161u(ij1 u11u.1um(i(ihp111u, Jml1 tutlh1J1 plll[lCl[l :,ihputuumJ16w(i(ihp.mu 2t,puw­ u14111 pJmu11 mliql1 t 111til,u11nl m1m[1 Ci p]1 q11111p2J1wgutuG hb u1lttulipntJ.: Utupqm lp1qu)1g owfuutJ.nrt 2tpump.1wG (t. Cit,11q)1w.1[1) 11wliwl1[1 mwpph11 owupmpJtuli w2]uwmwuplib[1 4wmwphtlrn hhml,.1w1u l' phpl, w2JummwGg­ lih11 ((iuu1wa, l11uCiqG1ua w2Juwmw(ig(ihp wnwGg -'pl1q_J1l1wl1u1(i rnd[1 qnp­ ou1ripuwu) lttuUllU[14h ltrn u]1G�t. 172 S2/tf.p.l1 ( 1 50 l1L11u1/ct1uu), tl[12J1(i' l 7:h-293 s�14pl1 ( 15<h-250 l1L11u1/d) lt owup' 293 52/4pl1-J1g (250 l1t1uq/d) w4h1J1: l•Ciiu1lw wm[l,g, u[1L1pnl1t11uwG Ci11puw4np .t{mu t' hu12tJ.l1 1u11Gh1114 Gtul, unu114w uliq11li[1, 111111 tl1Ci11ul t.. lU) llllU!) 2[1:,JlUU (l,pp qpuJ1 oriJ1 0[1WlJtuG u[12J1(i 2Li]lllWUU1[16tuCip uho t ° I I 0 C-J1g), r) gmpu1 l, lUU(JlllUU1.JJ1(i 2fl2WU (h11r fJP.U[l 01111 O[lllll1u1li U[l)'IIG :,il,puwu­ t11l16U1U[1 4111R[l l: + I 0° C-[1g): 011q111Ci!1qul1 tj[1IU 4tuu1 wqqhgmp.1mu t p11riGmu liwl, oJJft hwpwplipw!JwO JunOwtfmpJw{i Ul(1db1211 2 hq111uuli1111 pmJ1wm11L,t11 CinjlllWUbflllg: l�JUl4 hLi, 20'Yo-11g (JlllCT[l lnu111upl1[1LULJUIU [u11Gw4mpJWU qhummu qqtugtJ.nnl L L ll[lCIW­ pu1qwGpl1 �11pwgmu, [ml1 PWJ1Cl[1 2hpuwum[16wG[1 11t.u11m1u' tiu1t. ppm[1lip[1 llljllllq qn1np2J1wg111u: .(w11wphpwl1wu }unGwtJ.mrJWU 85%-11g pW[lCl[l lll[l­ dl,i)tibp[1 qburnnnl 4wmwGmu t 1211m[1Gr[1 q11111p2l1wgmup: f}wpop 2bpuwu.111IH1wGuhp[1 11h111pmu UW[lfJD qqmu t }uhqrµ1g, ppm]1Gpl1 L1wp[11ulip[1 lmumu l,(j uwpu(i114, Jrnl1 gwop 2hpuwum[16tuGGhp[1 qbummu' uwnGmpJlllU, 11]11} lttU­ illlfJ 1 : phpht Ghpp!1G 011qwGGhp[1 lt nultnpCi bp[1 hJ14wGrimp.1111tiCili11: OpqwG[1qu[1 2bpuml1w11qw41111uwu t{pw qqwtl1 wqrib\JntpJmG t p11riGmu 0IJ]1 2wpdtfw{i wpwqmp1mO[!, 11pl1 uhawguwGu qmq11Gpwg llhotuCimu t. ppu1l1GQ[1 q11111p2J1Cihp[1 hhnwg4m1 12wuwlrn: U11G�l1 0, I u/4pl1 mpwqrnp.1wup oqJ1 2wpdmu11 UW[lllU DGl1w1mu t n11u1hu 011]1 l1wuqGtua tll161ul1, [rnlt 0,25 1\ltjpl1-J1g pmp.011 wpwqmpJmGGhp[1 qhummu' u[1:,iwGgJ1l1 pwu[1: .(u124[1 wnGh1114 4hpnh[12.1w1lihp[!' u111m(iqwp.muh11m1I /30/ u1ulnlwu4wo l,li qpwug 014m[1uw1 wpdh12CihJ1D tupmwqptulttuG 2tu11hpmu: 1rwprp11 [1(ip(imqqwg11f]11LJ)JlllUl} t. lllJ]UlUU111LUWL1mpJ11LUl} L1tU[l)lll b(i 1q1ul1111wut{h1 011]1 6G2uwti 41114m}umpJWU ptu4tu4wu11u uha m[1pn1Jpmu' 55<h-950 uu. u. UJ. UJWJllwuGbpn1u: Op.qwCiJ1quJ1 tJ.p.w 4wm wqqbgmpJmG t pnriG11ul 1lpu11111pmw.1]1G 6u2uw(i L1mpn1l1 41114m}umr.1mCi[1: ln,l1 dwutJ.w [!G­ p1ugpmu 6u2uwG phl1mqh 1 0 uu. u . UJ. tWtlmt{ 41114111fuuw(i 11hummu UlU[lllU muhGmu L mhw!'i qqwgmuGbp, opqwCil1qu[1 p11qwgmu. lmlt 11pn2 Uw(1Il[1l1 l1 tu[l)lf] hG l}G4Ciht 211li11 ut2:

l!Iynwwlj oqp. �hp.u1uum}u'.iwli.}1, hwp1uphp1uqwli. fun!i.wi.tmpJwCi. I. 2wp.duwli. wp.wqntpJwli OUJ.IDJllillll tupc:flipli.lip.p lUpllllllllPllllJ.tUfi 2lilipntU

I '

Swp.\J.IU ubqn!i(!

51llllll1 L. mfignnlwJ!lfi

S111p

Uzluwmw!ip)l lj_wpqfi [!Ulll bwll11m�1w!i -. I pbpL. 11 u112J1Ci Ill cru1fip

Qbp.uwm.nt16W!i(!, oc

16-18

0,3

pbpL. II 1lti2!1u 1JI btufip

22-25

0,3

20-23 17-20

20-23 18-21

<!,wpwpbpwlJ.w!i }unliw\J.mpJntli(!, %

I

f

O'l112wp.<tuw!i mpwqmpJntG(!, uhlnli -0,2

40-60

40-60

0,2-0,3

0.4 0.5

lJwpqm !1u11uwqqwgnrtmp1wu h w2IurnmmCiwl1mpJwli ll{whu1wuuwu Ci14wmwl1ntl wuh1m1ctb2m t ut1t1rmtnJiumJ!1 gmgwli!1zubJ11! pwph twtlbt hw­ uwl19t{wb 6l.ntl' ut1wm!1 mubuwtntl t{hpn.hJl2JWL lnpu qn11onuCihp!1 tlmJuwq11tgm!}Jntli[!: l!Jq fiu1wmwl1ntl uibmlJ t CimluopnQ lmi.I1bt qpwCig ubbmp1mu­ Cibpr_1: lJl1l1pnl.JL111IwJI1 uiwpwubmpbpl! ,1_wi.I1tlnu.f bu mwppbp. ubpnqCihpntl' oq­ mwqnpobtntl qwuwqwu umpQbp h qnpopQCibp: Oq!1 s,bpuwum)16wliJ! tmi.I1t{mu t uCiq{1l1m1I1Ci, ull{Jlp.mmJI1u, tthl.Jmpwl1w(i h WJt m!11.l.{!1 5>bpUWtWtphpnt{: -:.wpwpbpwl1wCi Junuwt{nqlJtuCi )_tut{1uwu hwuwp oqmwqnpot{mu bu l.!4qmum)1 lj_wu �JuuwuJi funliwtlwluu11bJ1[1, Jili�ll{bu uwl. funliwtlwqp{1lut,p, n­ J1nu12 qJlWUgmu b(i funuwt{ntpJWU wpcthQ(ibp{l l}lnl}lnfunt}}JillUJ! ctwuwuwl1!1 J!Uptug12mu: Oq!1 Junuwt{mpJmlif! pCimpwqpqmu t pwgwp6wl1 h hwriwpbJlwl.Jwu uh ­ omp1muCi bpntl: Ivnuw4 011!1 s,pwJt1u qntnr2t1ubpl1 l12nw1I1u 12wuwl1mp1mug I t1q �np oql1 ul1wmuwup l1n,1_t{mu t oqp. funuwqUJ.wpn1uwl1mpJmu: Oq}1 }unutut{UJ.tUJllllUtu­ l1mp1wu wJldbp(l i.Imiutlmu t UJlW 5>bJ1uwump.6mCiI1 l}lnl}lniuuwli(l qmqf!Ci­ pwg: {,(i�pw(i PWJlO[l L11Cip. oq}1 s,bpuwumJl('.iwu l!, WJUQWU pwp6p ln}1u{1 qn­ LllP2llubpl1 pwqwqpntpJmuJ!: bpp nJU12wl.JI1 5>bJ1UWump6wCinuI s,pmJpu <µ1Lnp2J1ubpp. pwuwl.JntPJillUJ! hwuumu t wntutlhtwqntJU uzwuwl1mpJtuU, Olli! qwnumu t hwqbgwo, np(l hwuwuiwmwuiuwfimu t fipw LPM Junuwt{uiwpm­ uwlJ.mpJwfil! (W11:u):

Orrnzwl1!1 s,bp11wumI16wCimu, npn2wl1!1 bwtlmtm1 oqmu ll{tupn1fiwlJ.tllll 9ptuJ!1Ci qntnJ12!1fibpJi t12nutJ!1(i Qwuwl1!1 (G2q) t. oq!1 l12n!1 (G�) hwpwpbpmp­ .1mlil! pwquwll{wml1htntl 100-nt{' umwlimu b(i oq!1 pwgwp6wl.J Iunuwt{mp­ JtUCi wpctbl)J! urnlJUUUbpnt{.

G I.'<! WP =G·100%:

(1)

..::.wpwpbpwl1wu funuwqmpJntlil! gntJg t mwtJm, pb U14.JUIL s,bpuwumJi6w­ Cimu l, Ult{JWL UJ)UllLil[lUlWJ!lU @2uw(i ll{WJUWCiubpmu oq(i Pfl 1PM funuwtl­ lL!W[llllUWltmPJUlU np uml1nuntl t hwqbgwb s,pw1I1u qnt_nJ12!1Cibpntl.

WP wh =---100%.

w iJu

(2)

Oq!1 zwpduw(i tuJlwqmpJntul! �u11.J.1tlmu t pl,wtlnri l1wu pwctml1wJ}1u wuh­ tl11t.il,m pli1rntl: u1�Gnt_npmwJ!1Ci !'iuzuwu iU1i.I11.1wfi wuhuwmwpwotlwo UtUJlQI! @2w:_wt{1fi I (pw[lllul,mJl): r-wgJ1 ptlwpl.Jwolibti!l9, qn11ouwlJ.wfimu l.J!1pwnmp1mu bCi qmb1 uml, U1Jfit4!m!1 uwpph[l, npnuu u}1wctwuw(iml1 ynljg b(i mwum hJlltm l, wt{btJ1 gm9wut12Ghril1 wpdbQubp(l, 0Jl!1fiwli' phJlunwubunubmJlJ! (s,bputuumt16wli(! h zu1pctuwu wpwqmpJntu(!): Pwg mhqwu 1Jmu uwpqm l.JbuuwqnpomubmpJwu t{pw l1L111.1m1wl1wu u1 wJumfiuhpp. tlwm wqqhgmpJtuli l1wuJuuwu Ltui.lmqmJCi 6hf! w2IummmG12!1 l, hwuqum!1 ou1m!1tlmt nhctlniubJlll (!UUIJUltpJmGfi t: P-wgp. wJq, oqmwqnpo­ tjmu bu qwuwqtuG t4m2m1.4wumpJmli 1.1!1s,nguhp' hnt{hwJlubp, qllutuJ1l.Jlib11, hwqmum l, WJLU: <l>wlJ. mwpwiJmpJtuU ubs, (2bfiQbpntu, ubQbliwuhpp }ugpl1ubpntu, hmuQtu­ lrnpbpntu li WJtli) 1.1{1!1pnl1L11uw1I1 UJ.mpwuhmphJlli un11uwtmguwCi l.Jmpl.npw­ qmJu u!1s,ngwnmuubri!1g b(i' oqwl}mfumpJntU{!, s,humgmug, oqtUnJlWl.JntU{! (l1nuq{1gpnuwgmu): 1.3. <DflCOI- UQ'l-t-Bfif-[c}-5fil--1,e lfUP'1-lrU1,B '1.PU: <l>OCfil- .E.U1,liliti. 1,0PlfU,lfiPflMfe <l>n2I1u· t1nzm uJmphp}1 uwupmqnlJu uwuu}1l1ubpu bu, npnup wnms,wumu b(i Uj lllpb11!1 5'WJ11llllUU, i.I12111huCi, gpuw(i h l}lnlumqpuwu, lUUlPlUUplU[llillU­ IJ.[llllpJtuU ctwuwGwl.J UJlUlUg 1.4wmrimutnuwu h uzwlj_uwfi (!fipwgpmu: <l>n2pu l1tupI1IJ t L11ubt oqmu ltmJutlwo (mtpnqnt) t1wu Gummo (mt)Ulqbt}:

<1,n2m �>hqj1l1wv]11.i!1wl1wCi hwml1nq,JmCiCibp[! pfimpmqp4n11J Mi fipm owq­ uwCi li tunm>1wqutufi ulipm1n4 (uwCipwgnuin4, l1nCi11hCiuwg}1wJn4, m.11mtun4 Ii illJ tfi): Cum u1l.uwl1l1' 4m2J1Ci t1wrmq t 1J1Ciht opqwCimltwCi L. wCiopqwGwl1wG: Op­ qwliwl1wli Ljmzj1li. 1mm owq1iwG. ljUlJUlll t tl1Gb1 pnwwl1wCi (41wJui[1, 4mzj1. oqnml1, wun111J1 l, wnfi), t1tliqwGwl1wfi (ppql1, uwq}l, nul1pmuJmp)1 L. UIJtCi). pj1ujuul1mti (unmumuwuuw3J1. nl1t1J1ml1wfi 1,hl]1, WJl Ltnzm e)1u[1wt1wfi fi1111php)1): l.!.tiopqwCiwl1wti omqmun4 LjmzJ1G lJtu(lllI]_ t t11Ght uhmw11wl1wa (utqGot1. pmt)1, 9!1fil1l1 l1 w.11ti) li mmpphp wGopqwGw4udi GJmphp[1 (l111[1, gliuhfimJ1 b WJt Ci): Cptml1w up�mljwJpmu, h!1tiwt1wCinuI, hwfi11tnqmu t tuwn[! 4m2t1: <l>n2l1ti plimpwq114mu t tituli l1112mmpJwup, tmoh1Jrn1pJwup, mhuwt1wpw11 twmtl, umuti[1l1libp]1 .-w41b11n4 m 6ltn4 , pnti4umfi lJlllu u1wwumli wumJ161u­ Cin4 l, tttl1m11m1I1�m1mjnpuwli htuml1mp3wup: Cum uu111rim 41m1 111Gbgnri mqqhgmp3wti' 4m2)1Ci l1mtlllll t 1Ji{ih1 pmCiw4np l, ni pmfiwtj np: ¢n2l1ti 4timuwl1wp tuqqligmpJmfi t pnriumu UWJlllm 2G1wnwl1wli maj1fib1ljl. um7l1m.1J1Ci omol1m.1pJ1, mli11llI]_wl1wfi opqwfiGhpl1 t. umwunpuwm1lf1pw.1J1G hwuwl1wpq[1 opqwlifih11[1 4pw: l�11w4h14mwGqw4np liG 1 -119 lO ul1u �w4.1hpn4 tlmzm hwmp{iGl,p(!, J}WGJ1 lipwG1i {itupnri t.G m4hJl1 Junp(! Cihppw4nuCigbt pnphpj1 ut2: l!Ju ql.mmmu np uwpqlJwGg unm Cil1wm4mu 1. wJuu1wpwfiw4wfi u1pngtuGtpt1 qwpqwgmu, n1111 uuiwght t t4fil,unt1nlilrnq wfi4wGmt.1(!: fcrnptp)1 Guwa hJnjwGqmpJwG wub­ Gwmwpwe14.wo al,b11!1g' uJ11J1l1nqCi wnw2wfimu t 44wpgWJ!1Ci Ljrn2J1Cihp!1g, wCimpn4nq[1· motu11 4m2!1Cihpj1g, ut1qlipnqn' hpl1wp tqwpmG1ul1nri 4m2J1Gb11!1g, wupbummm' umpbumI1, wumu)1finqp' wumuf1GJ1 4m2)1fil;pJ1g b tuJJG: Ni2.utlm u1huCimu hfip, wnwtlbt 4mtuCiqw4.np bu ump l, wuumHitu6l1 bq­ pbp mfitgnq tlm2m hwm)1l1fihp[1 (uhmw11m4wfi, LUUftuljrn, wupt.uu1)1 li UlJtfi): ¢n2)1G, (!fil1fihtntl uw1uµn Ulll>. ll· wnw2wgCimu t pnppnb)ntUGl,p' 4fiwuhtntl h112l,pwpwqwfip11: fontCiw41111 tlm2)1fihpj1 U1Gfi2wfi pmfiwltl!, wfigat;1n4 umw­ unpuwwf111pw3!1G hwuwl1wpq, mnm2 t pbpntu opqwG[1qu)1 prnfiw4npntu: <wfipw3)1Ci tlm2l1G (gtul,Cim, l1)1[l, UllI]_tu, umu1hp:J>nu:pwm Li WJt U), Gumh­ Ll14 uw2lt)1 4pm, wnw2wgGmu t qpqnmU:Ghp, pnppnemuGtp, t4qtuw, qhp­ uwui[rn1, J1Citu1tm fiwt. 41wt1mu t ppmfi1upmlllqpntpJtuCi qtri6.tp)1 tmbp(!: Oz pmuwtJ.np 4.m2!1Ghp(! twl1wG 4uwu �hfi uirnm6U1nmu uwpqmG: lfwpql1wfig tunllI]_2mpJwCi tqmhuttuCiU:wu uuiwmwlJ.ntl wGhpwdbzm l 4.m2m Uftupmumqntf)JntCi(! 2112mlttu t1!12mtltuJpntu uirnlm1wCiht uwCi}1uuuprnl1wG tinpu wCit1£ll1 (uwhuwCiwJ}lti pmnwmptt11 pruqwqpntpJUJU) uwhuwGG hpn1u (tuq, 2):

l!111nwwl1 2 <l>nzni muhumfituJltli pntJllUWfllitl1 ptuqtufl[llltJ}JlllfiJ! 2IifimpJtufi liliputi oqnul N'1

<l>nzm wlltlmllmuo, inbuwtm

4>n2m pntJLWUlpb!.11 p.wqml].(lmpJntll{!

<tu1wllqmqnpntpJlUll flWUt!

5Mt.Gtnj1, l111111I1, hmfiJ;!lUllJlUpul1p)1 L fiprnfig /munfinq111(1 1[rn!f1. npnG1i �t,G ll(tU[lntlltulplll'i u]1L11gjlnu\J1 L11l1011 uJ11t (SiOz)

l!<'l!m111(111!J111J1fi;t, 10%' SiOz-ll llJUlpmuwlpupJUlUp

IO

l!.11hlm1mul1111ti h1JltmG,1mpli11t1 1hn2)1 Pmu111l1mG lttm\ ljhllqu1(iu1l1mfi a1ucp1u111q 1Jrn2J1fibjl, 11pn!iv 111wpmG111l1 m1l Mi 11j1fi�h 10% SiO;:i

Pm11111l1111G ljlllll l1t.G11111/i111lJUIU at11qmd111j 1j1112!1fitp, llJlllfip llfll!JllllUllllJlllli h(j 10%-Jig mqt-.t11 SiOz

Ul,1111u,'p1111 fq1111111;11m,p tp111l 111tpnqnt) 'll1n111u1J11(Mi)tt lllJlJll)LllJll(lUICi ( 11-'1-S) (q111np.){1Gl1p 1, u1t1111qnL) SJ111.'pn11

0.l 0,1

l

I Ui\lmrn/u11J1 lltlllllllig SiOr!i)

m1tupt1(1 1Im2)1 11nf1 tlm.,11 JI p!1(uumq111) 1(mJ(1 fili11y{1 1(111,'h E1Hmm11nul1111li ult 1foq1

�'"' ' "'''

.

(P ), oqltl3

0.06

=

I

I

<lln2m wqqhgm p.1mG11 t1wGJuhtm Ciutmmwl1n4 zhG12lipnuI l, uhut.CiwCihpf1 [ug)1l1Ci hpmu )1[1wl1wCiwg 4mu t oqm4mJun1f>JmG: fl1rn2ml1l1 tlltuJU:wGCihpntll l1[1(lwmjmu liG Ciml, wCihU1mwl1wG uttu2uuqwGmp3wG uJ12ngGhp' 12wuut!1pw­ umpfih11, 2a.-wqJ1uwl1Ghp, hwl1wqwqhp, u1w2urn1wGj1z wl1CingGlip, wpum1hw­ qmum lt tuJtG:

u. ,rut!Ul!l1l!P 1:,,t rrrmul!tlllP 1ianHitoPfl l!Q'1-t1BnHcram1ie ITT!f"1-l1ffuB ,wu.: uPUuB unPmNfiPnMre UnllI]_2, pwpu, uwpmp oqCi }1phuf1g fibpl1m1wgCimu t qwqhpJ1 JuwnfimJlll, npt1 unmw4.np 12)1u{lwl1wG pwqwqpntpJmfifi t' wqnm 76%, pp4.rucr{1G 22%, waJuwppm t. WJL wl1m[ltl qwqhp 1,0%, I1fihpm qwqtp (tupqnCi, fibnfi lt tunu) 1 ,0%: lrwplinp t Gwlt tuJu hwCiqwuwfip(!, np uwpmp orm u1tmp t hw13

qhgtuo tJ1CiJ1 pp4tuoCiJ1 ptugtuutul1tuCi JmCiCibpmj_, QWCip np CiptuCip ptupbttu4nn'i tu opqwCiJ1qt'iJ1 l111Ill'iJ1g pptJ.tu aCiJi Jmptugmt'i[!: lJ}12tutJ.tuJpJ1 01m t'iJ12m it, np mCiJ1 4.bpnhJ12Jtut lJ.tuqt'iJ!, QtuCip np mtupphp u1wm6tunCibpn4. CipwCi bu futunCitj_mt'i qtuCituqtuCi tl_CituutulJ.tup CiJmpbp qtuqh­ pJ1, qntn112J1CibpJ1 lttut'i otuJ1 6Ln4.: flpn2 4.Ciwuwl1rup CiJmpbp tl_mtuCiqwtl_np bCi Ciwh CiptuCintj_, np CipwCig npn­ ztulJ.J1 pwqwqpntpJtuCi qburnmt'i umbqotl_mt'i t u1wwJmCip tlmtuCiq: '1-ptuCiq p4J1Ci lttupbLl1 t qumbt wt'iptull11, pbCiqp.CiJ1, tughumCip l, tuJt CiJmpbpJ1 qntn112J1Cibp[1: '-lCituutulJ.tup lt pmCitutj_np CiJmpbp[! t'ituPfJill opqtuCil1qt'i b(i CibpptutlttuCigmt'i 2Ci�tuntu4tuCi opqtuCiCibpntl_, t'iwzlt!i t'il12ngn4. ltwt'i tuqhumtut'inputuJl1Ci mptult­ mmj_: '1-ptu hbml,tuCipntj_ llWPfJlituCig t'imn tuntu2wCimt'i t llntCitutj_npmt'i: Qum t'ituPfJill opqtuCiJ1qt'il1 tj_ptu mCibgtuo wqqbgmpJtuCi pCimJpJ1' 4.Cituutu­ l1tup h pmCitutl_np CiJmpbp[! qtuutulttupqtj_mt'i bu hbml,Jtut fut'iphpJ1. tu) Cfi11./Jwfimp pmfiwtfnpntpJwfi, npnCip tuntu2tugCimt'i bCi Wllf!llll2 opqtu­ Cij1qt'iJ1 pmCiwtj_npmt'i (tuoJmuppm, gJ1tuCituJp.Ci t'iJ1tugmpJmCiCibp, uCiq!1l1, phCiqn1 l, tuJtCi): p) Qpqmuz, npnCitl tunw2 bu pbpmt'i 2Ci,1 tuntulJ.mCi opqtuCiCihpl1 h tnpotuptu­ qtuCipCibpJ1 pnppnvmt'iCibp (ptnp, tut'iJ1tulJ., :t>umptu)lpwot1Ci, oqnCi, tugbumCi l, WJtCi): q) !lqwJWqp(Jlll11/ (ulifiuftpft!liqwgftw), npnCiu tuqqmt'i bu npuihu tutbpqbCi­ Cibp (:t>npt'itutqbhJlI}, twphp, mtuppbp tmop,1 Cibp): q) ./2WIJglJliIJ.whwpn11g (ljwfiglipnqlifi), npnuu tuntu2tugCimt'i bu hJ14.tuCi­ qmpJmCiCibp (CiJ1l1litl! l1 Ciptu t'iJ1wgmpJmCiCibpJ!, tut'il1CiCibp, tuupbum lt tuJtCi): b) flpwlJw,JmJum (tfnunwqlifi), npnCig wqqbgmpJmCi!1g lutuluuuj_mt'i b(i dtuntuCiqwlJ.wCi !1Ci:t>npt'itugJ1tuJJ1 tl_mJutuCigt'iwCi opp.CituttutlmtpJmCiCibp[! (tup­ ti!16, t'iwCiqwCi, nwqpnwl1mM CiJmpbp lt tuJtCi): q) Ulfjl (ufifi1Jwplipn1p1wfi) 1/pw wqlJDllfilip (uCiql11.J., tup6p6, t'iwCiqtuCi, nw­ q!ml1tum'14. CiJmpbp): ulJ.tump mCihCiwtntl Gt'ituG tuCigtuCilJ.tuJlt bpLntJpCibp[!, umtuGqtupmCibpntt'i /32/ tl_Cituutul1wp h pmCitutl_np CiJmph11I!, J!UUl lllllPfJill tj_ptu mCibgm1 wqqhgmp­ JlllCi tuump6tuGp, ptudtuCitj_mt'i bG hhmhJtut qwubpp' l �· tupu1tul1tupq tl_mtuCi­ q wtj_np, 2 - ptupop tl_mtuGqtutj_npntpJtuG, 3 - t'ibqt'i tj_mtuCiqtutl_npntpJtuG, 4 - pJ1,1 tl_mtuCiqwtj_np: flpuihu opJ1GtulJ. htutlbttl_tuo 1 -mt'i pbptj_tuo hG npnz ptl_ntj_ GJmpbp!1 tl_mwGqtutj_npntpJtuG qtuubpf! h GpwGg uwht'ituGtuJl1Ci pmJttumpbJlt ptuqwqpntpJmGGbpf! t'iJ12tutltuJPP oqmt'i: UmwGqwpmGbpntt'i pbptj_tuo tutJ.bll1 QlllG 700 tl_GtuuwlJ.tup lt pmGwtj_np GJmpbpf! Gnpt'itutl_nptj_mt'i bG J!UUl utuht'iwGwJpG pmJttumpbJlt ptuqtuqpntpJwG h t'il12J1G t'iwhwgm qnqtuJp:

Uwhtfwfiw1ftfi pnl}[wmpliJl1 pWIJWIJ!111lJJJntfip (UfiJ'/2) - qw mtlJwt tl_3 Ci w­ ) utulttuP lttut'i pmCituljnp CiJmp!1 UilllpntCiwlJ.mpJtuCi tuJG QlUGtul1G t (t'iqlll -ntl_ w2oqmt'i, npl1 t'il12tuljtuJpntt'i Cinpt'iwt hbppwtl_m!uml (ztupmrwlJ.wG 40 dwt'i) futuUlllI\G J1p mt'ipm12 w2tuwmwCipwJJ1G umwctJ1 qbuipmt'i (25 mwpp) ,111 umwuw pmuwljnpnit'i t1wt'i t'iumGwqJmuu4wG hp.tlwGqmpJmG: 4.Gwutu4tup t1wt'i pmGtutl_np GJmpJ1 U/J2ftfi tfwhwgnt IJllqwfi �)- qw tu.JG ptuliwltli t oqmt'i, npJ!, ,1 npu dtut'i tuliJ!Gqhtum GbpptutltwCigbtntl fumt'ip t'ituru1l1wug opqtuu}1qu, lJ.htuGqbg GJ1 GpwGg l1tut1 Utuhtl_tuu: .:_tutl_httl_tuo 2-mt'i plipljtuo bG utuht'ituGtuJJ1G 1m1JttumphLl1 ptuqwqpntpJmG­ GhpJ1 l, ut12!1Ci t'ituhtuym qnqtuGbpp GnputuGbpJ! mtuppbp 4. mwGqw4.npn1pJtuG qwubpJ1 GJmph11J1 htulltup: bpb uJ1�nuljtuJ11!1 oqmt'i t'iptudtuutuGwlJ. uitupntGtulttJ.mu bu mtuppbp tlCitu­ utulttuP CiJmpbp, tuUttu GptuGgl1g Jmptuvtuuvmp}1 u1tupntGwlJ.mpJtuG QtuGtu­ l1l1 (B) lt utuhutuCituJJ1Ci pmJttumpbLl1 pwqwqpntpJtuG (U[cr�) htuptupbpnt1:1JntGGbpj1 qnu'itup[! �u1l,mp t qbpwqwugJ1 l-l1g, tuJu!1CiQCi' B1

UfctP I

+

B"

u.ca-,\

B"

u.ca-r-

::,;I:

(3)

n

UmwuqwprnCihpmu /32/ utuht'iwCitj_wo t 4Gtuutul1tup L pmGw4np GJmpbpJ1 tunlttuJmpJtuCi hul1umCi u1tuhwG2Cihp(1, (1UU1 np}1' l-l1Ci qtuup GJmpbpl1 hulJ.mt'i[! uihmQ t l1tumtuptl_l1 wG[!Ciqhwm iW1Pl1Il-QPWUgill1 utupQll uJ12ngn4., np(l uibmp t tuqqwpwp!1 gmgtuCil1zp wpcttul1 qbpwqtuGgmU[!, h hGwpwtj_np t, wtj_um­ uwm oLnlj t'ilnugCil1 oqwtlmfumpJwG hwt'iwl1tupq[1: lJJmu qwuhpl1 (2, 3, 4) CiJmpbpp gwCiwl1l1 4h[1tuhul1mt'iJ! u1bmp t l1wmtu11tlP uituppbpwpwp: '-lGwutu4U1[1 L pmGtu4np u.1mpbpJ1 wqqhgmpJtuCi lJ.tuCifuwpqbtUtuG GUitu­ mtultntl l1J1ptuntl_mu t mhtuGntnqptul1wG uipngbuCib[lp utvtuwJwgmt'i, wtj_um­ t'itumwgmt'i, hbntul1wntu4.wpntt'i, uwppbp!1 hhpubmplJ.tugmu, oqtutj_mfump­ JmCi, oqw4nptulpnu, wuhwmwl1tuG UIW2UlUJtuGmpJwG t'iJ12ngGbpJ1 oqmw­ qnpomt'i: 1.5. opq.u_l_,pQUl>. fl.u.2uU"lUCS"lUuDMi1'3Uu �uUPU<UlPO}[c)-30}uubPC

ttJ.numglmG h ungJ1tuttulJ.wG qtupqtugt'iwG J!Gptugpmu t'ituPfJill t'inm ohw­ tj_nptJ.bt t 4.mwGqCibp!1g UIW2U1UIWGtJ.btm hwt'iw4tupq, npJ!, lJ.wmWPJWL JltGb­ tntJ. hwGqbpo, mGJ1 npnzwlJ.p uwht'iwGCibp: .'..Gwpw4.npn1pJmGGbpl1 GowG uwhowGwipwlJ.mpJtuG uiwm6wnntj_ owpqnt lJ.bGutuqnpomGbmpJmGG WUJW­ lmljtlmo t tPtugmg!1,1 mttuGI11.J.wlJ.wG lil12ngGbpl1 ltppwnowop:

"1mwCiqlilip[1Ci q\uiwl1wJt,tm J1Cirimuwl1mpJmli11 u1wJtiw(itml.n1mq wCiaCiW­ l1wG qn11cr11Ci(ili11[1 p4J1G bu 11mu4n 11f l1l,Uuwpwfiwl1wCi qnpi'rnGJ!. np(l u1u1JU U1· uw4np4n11.i t wu6j1 hnqbpmGmpJmCi pCiwl1wCi hwm4mpJmCiCibpn4 t . wpmw­ hmJm4mu t puwqqwJ!1G ( tuCiqlm1wl19w4wCi) lp.u(lqwlj_npuwup: MitUjbU hwJmtij1 I ., tlWJ1IlU mCi!1 n� l4WJUwfiwl1wG uh:Pth{!ufibp!1 (pCiwqqJ1) ruupnri9wl1ruCi hwuwl1wpq, npnGg ut19ngntl Ciw wGqJm1w4gwpwp qI1uwl1w­ .1mtI t (t4wummju1uCimu t) I1p o(lqU1Cil1qu(1G UUjwnCiwgnri mwpptp 4mwfiqtib­ Pl1li: l!Jmqbu, 4unutiql1 qhummtI' pCiwqqwpwp 41wl1mu t wrn[I, hhm t 1iw2mtI 6b1112[1 h WJtCT: ,lmwCiq!1 ul1tumu1Utip hu1l1wqqhgmpJwCi bpltpnJ1Il qnponCi11' lllllflllnL hnqh­ pu1Ciw1>!1qJm1nq)nul11uG npwl1Ci t h Cipw op.qwutiqtI!1 4!1<'.iwlm: lJ1Upt}Ilt uuwu npwl1wl1wCi hwml1wLi!12fihpti wpmwhwJmtlmU tu tlm1UCiq(1 uwu)1fi wq11w­ fi2wfitihp)1 hw.1u1limphptiwCi, 4unuCiqtitpI1 uwuI1Ci t1Li�npuwgt1wJI1 [!lilJLULUWLi wpwqmpJwfi, tuJq 4u11utiqLibpJ1 lil1wu11iwup qqwgumfigwJl1ti nhwl1gl1tuJ)1 11pultI1pu1UCi b lllJl t\U.pnLj: lfwpqmfi ritunw11t1l,tntl. l1hCiuwqn11omCihmpJwCi 11Cii:m1gpmu 4u1wCiqwtJn11 l, 4Cimuwl1wp qnponCiCil,p(1 Uiqql,gmpJwCi mhmuCilumCi(1g · U1t1wtialiU1g4mu bu' opqwfi!1qu11 (1.iLup1iJ1ui:1) t. m,1Ci1qJmI1 U1CiwI11qwmnpCih11, I1Ci�u1tml11J hCi' uw2l1w­ owo1.tn, mbunqmpJLuCi, 1unrimpJu1Ci, hnmwnmpJUJCi, hwtiw.1I1Ci qqmgnqmpJtuCi opqwCiCibpJ1, !1Ci�u1hu Ciwl, tilttufiw,1!1Ci, nultpU1JJ1Ci, wpJlllCi. 2Ci11UnmpJtuCi. Cibp4wJJ1Ci l1 WJL hU1t1wlJtupqhp11: Cp2wl1w til1twtJ.wJpJ1 hhm l1wum uwpqfi J1pU1qnpomu t J1p U1Gw1!1qwump­ GbpJ1 U)19ngntl, npnCip U1Ci4wti4mu liCi Ciwl1 qqWJW{lUJCiCihp: Ufi4m1UCiq hwuw­ l1mpqbp uu1bqcrh!lm' 1uCihpwdb2m t hlll24P UJnubt wCiw1J1qwumplibpJ1 pCim­ pU1qphp[1: BtuCiltUJgwo wCiUitflqmump pU1q4U1gwo t OtuJpwdwum.1!1Ci nligl,Uj­ umplilippg (Cil,p4w.1!1Ci ph1lll1Cil,pJ1g): fl.bgbL4ump[1 qpqnl1�_)1 tCih 11qJm1Ci t.fmtuw­ l1hp14nu1 t Cibp4.U1Jl1fi pdu1m1u!1: '"vl1ptlU1JJ1Ci mqJ1Cibpnq Cibpt.l wJbli J11.ilqm1up 120 ultjplt wp.wqmpJtutip luuqnpqljmu t ql]unU}hqJ1 l1tqLJ1Ci: UfiwI11qU1umpl1 q1ImuqhqtuJJ1ti Lqp(I pU1q4tugU10 t ut19m4J1g h qt1umqbqJ1 l1liqltl1 ut2 gplj_UJo unu1111tpJ1g, npnfip wutmhn4mu tCi fiJU111qU1Jj1fi ltWl4fl u1wpphp wCiU1tl1qwumpCib 11!1 uJ19li: fl-bgbl4U1npCibpJ1 l, 1UCiwu1qU1umpCihpl1 qI1umqbqwJJ1fi bqphpJ1 ut1j1L1 qnJntpJmCi mCij1 hpltl1nquU1CiJ1 L1wu1, npCi w14whn­ ljmu t wCiU1I11qwum 11I1 !1fi1�Ciml1U1pqwqnpntU1!: lfwpqm wCiU1I11qmumpCibpj1 U1umti6Ciwluuml1mp.1mGCi wtiU1tl1qU1umpCibpl1 qmJqmpJmfiCi t, npti U1u1whnljmu t Ci 11wCig qnpomCibntl}JUJCi pw 116p hmumI1mtpJmG11' (1 hwzt14 wqqU1Ci2wfiCibp{1 l111ltCiwl1}1 hwqn)llluUJCi: UCiwI11qU1umpCibp(1 qplll UJqqbtntl' qqUJgmtICibp U1nU12wgCimu tu nl pntnp q 11qJmCihp(I: Dpl4buql1 WJCi UJilUJ)?WCiUJ, Ujbmp t qpq(m}l }1CimbCiu}ltlmpJntClJ1 hwuCiJ1 npnzU1l1f1 uUJhuwCip, np[I ltntqmu t qqwtm Cihp12J1Ci pwgwJ16U14 uwh16

dwti: <+ 11q!mI1 I1CimbCiuJ14m . pJmCi[1, np)1 ubo U1pdbpCib11!1 qbUjpmtI tu1UtumlJmtI t: wliw1f1qwumpj1 qnJ1i'rntfilmtpJntCi[1 h wnw2wCimu t gU1ljJ1 qqlllgrrqmpJmCi, l1n�qmu t qqllltm t(hpl1Ci uwhuwCi: "u24mo- bpqm pCimtCiuJ14.mpJmCiCibpl1 til12lt bqmi'r CiljwqwqmJCi m!1pntJpfi wCi4wCimu bfi wfiwJ}lqUJmnpp qqw,1w4U1Ci qn­ m\1: l:Jq qnmm uwhuU1CiCit11mtI bqwo qpqfmfitpCi (ICilJU1tlJmu bCi UWJ1Illll oJ1qtuCiJ1quJ1 l1nqu(1g, h opqwCiJ1qu[1 pCiU14wCi h UJphbumwljUJCi hwl1wqqbgmp­ ,1mfitihpl1 (nb�th12u) Li!19ngnq hwpuwpqmu L1wu utlll2utl4wCiljmtI t qp.wCig 4uwuU1lJwp wqqbgmpJmCij1g: liJq qnumt U1nl1U1JmpJmCip luu2tJl1 t wnCiqnui Utult w2tuwmwCipt1 llJU1JUWCiCib11(1 gmgwCi)12Cihp)! Cinpuw4np.tum: ffw.?f1w1ftfi owlJfJmJpfi I1pwL1wtiwgCimu t 011qwCiI1qut1 uwuhp[I ubtuwut1l1wl1wCi 4Ciwut1tuompJmCi!1g tttw2mu1wfihtm :j>mfi4g)1wCi: UJCi llUJUUlllqgmu t opqwfil1qt1[1 yG(lllllllJUIJ1Qlli411J1UWUJ!' H!lUlltfiQ!l UlJIUlUll}(llllpJUlU l1 (}11JOf12}1lllg­ liUlU til1ilngmJ. : l2wgl1 lllJrt, t1U1zl1w.1!1fi i'rllli'rltmJPJ1. hwCiqbu t qw!lm n1rn1tu htl!dwti, 6G;,uwfi, 4!1pnmw.1(1G, gwqp, 9hpumpJU1Ci, gpm(1 qqUignqntpJWCi w­ !iwl11qwump: UJCi LUqqmCizwCi t mU1Ilm fi24U10 h 11wi1Jpfib11!1 (4mwCiqtit. 11!1) uml1m,1mp.1mti U1Uu!1ti, npJ1 hbml,wCi1mtl opqwCi!1qll)! qbpw4mturnu l 1111 m2� 1uwmU1up11 l, qnp.0)1 t qCimu hwl1wqqligmpJwCi (fICipCiU1L4w2um1wCimpJwfiJ � ....., i) luuuml1wpqhpp: lfw2l1!1 UU1l1hpltI1tJpJ1 qpw hUjtimCi lt 6Ci2uwCi UJqqwqCibpCi J:!Ciqmtimu l ,m� 2u11Imqwl1wCi wfiw!l1qwurnpJ1.: lJwptlfiJ1 u1U1pphp uwuhpJ1 uw2t1Ci mutt u1w 11 0":) pl,11 qqwgnqmpJmCi: UJuUjbu, qqlllgrrqnqlJWCi Ciqwqwqn1Jfi 6CizmdJ! uwmCih­ ¢\_ '-'V JlJl OWJI1bpmtl l1wqumu t 3 qp/uu , Ulllutll qpu[1 UUJUmu' 12, ljmp!1 ljp.w' 26, � l1pmtil1!1 4pm' 250 qp/uu : CnzU14.1rrqw4wCi qqwgilI}mpJwfi CiqUJqlllqmJCi dwllmtiwl1wuJ19ngJ1. 0, I 411l1 t: Cn2w41rrqw4wCi U1fiU11.PQU1mnpJ1 pfimplllqp.wlJUJCi wnwCiotiu1htuml1mpJmCiCi wplllq hwpuwptlbtm mCiwlJ.mpJmCiu t, wJu(1Ci12ti' 2mm 4tuJ16 dU1titufiU1lJU1t1!19ngmu ljhpwCimu t hUjumCi lttuu 6Ci2umCi qqwgn­ rJntpJntCift: .;'..wptIUJptlhtm dwuwfiU1l1wut12ng11 l1wtu4U . 10 t qpqnJ1l(1 md(19 l, LituptICi!1 u1w11phJ1 mbqUJumuhp.mu ipnqmtu!J.mu t 2-(1g 20 tlPli uwhuwfiCih1111111: 5tu4.tuJ(1fi qqwgrrqmpJtuCi lthCiuwpwfiU14wCi tmpJmCin ti mwCiql1 uwut1Ci w­ hwqutfiqmtICi t: Cn2U1¢,11I}w4wCi h gU14.U1J!1Ci nhgbL4mnpuhpI1 Lil12t, qn,1mp­ JmCi mCit1 hwltUJI}lllflO 4llll4 (npmhq 2llllll hCi 2n2U1¢.rrqw4U1u nhghL4umpCihpJ1, LUJCimbq I!l11 hCi gU1ljw3pCi nbgbL4umpubp.J! h hwltUJnwlm), np.n 1qw1uwCiU14npqwo l. opqU1Clpqul1 ntghu1umpfihpl1 :j>mGl1gJ1wCihp}l mlllp.pbpntpJwup: Cn­ ,)1U4.mqwl1wfi qqwgnqmpJmCiJ1. uhpmnpbCi ltUJuttlUJi'r t l1nquCinp2uwCi nb.'f>tb1J­ ut1 hbm, tiwufiw4.npU . 1L4bu qnpomu t �p.qnf1if1Ci unmhCiwtm nh.'f>thpu{!: lfw2l1l1 gmqwJI1Ci qqwgnqmpJtuCi 2tuwJf1Ci (mdp CiqwqwqmJfi Ulpdhpf!, np}l g htum ctnpomu bCi ntgtL4mnpCibpJ1.) wpctbpn ljmp}l uwzltti hwuwp tiwqumu t 20 qp/uu 2, uwmfibp!1 OU1Jphp!1G 300 qp./uu 2: QqwgnqmpJtuCi dwuwCiml1wtIJ12 ll1imrnrnnul1tul1 utul1lnmuplm1

:,Jngp 0.3 7 t.J.pl1 t: 5wtJ.wJj1G qqwgm1mpJmGGbp(i wnw2 t.Ci pbpmu u1tu2um1m­ Gml1u1(i (uwuGUJ4npwu1hu qpqnj1�_l1g hbnwuw1m) nb:P1bguGhp: lfw2l1}1 yb11uwumj1<'iUJCiwJ)1G qqUJgilllntPJntli[l l1wiutJ.wb t Gpw 2bpuwu­ ml1<'iwGJ1g: bpp uw2l1)1 npL.pgh hwu11.jUJb[l hwpuwpt.J.mu t 2r2wtqwmJ1 2bp­ uwumj1l'iwGJ1G L. .1_)1 qqmu wpmwgj1G 2bpuwumj16wup, Wl4W wumu bu, np uJ12wtJ.wJpJ1 2bpuwumJ11'iUJU[l :PJ1qjm1nqJ1wl}wG qJll1 t: lfw2ltP mwpphp hwm­ tJ.mbGhpJ1 2bpuwumj16wGp opqwuj1quj1 Gnpuw1 2bpuwumJ16wGJ1g (36-37 ° C) qmc)p t mwpphp �mtJ.mtJ.: Unnq2 owp1µn l'iwl}wmJ1G 2t11uwumj16tu(ip l1wq­ ° ° omu t 34-35 ° C, tJ.mpJ1 t.J.pw' 34 C, qhugJ1 t.J.pw' 20-25 C, nu1pbpJ1 l1[1l1tGl1Gb­ ° pJ1G' 25-27 C: lfUJpufiJ1 UJmu uwubpJ1 2tpuwum)ll'iwfiI! 30-32° ct: lfwp1µn tiw2l1J1 ub2 t1wG hpl1m mbuw4I1 nbgbu1ump(ibp: lJl1 mbuUJl}[l qqmu t uJ1WJU gnt[lUlJ.1, UJntU mbuwlm' uJ1WJU mwpmpJntU[l: SwpmpJmfi nhgbtqu111pGbpJ1 qqwgmpJwG GbppJ1G uwhuwup unmwt.J.npw111l,u hwt.J.wuwp t 0,2° C, jmlt gpmJ1 nhgbl4mnpGbpJ1G[l' 0,4° C: 52l,pUUJum)1l'ituGJ1 mwppbpmpJmfip uwpq[l qqmu t wnwpl1UJGbpJ1G lm1t.J.b1Jm (UUJ2ltl1 l 1\0 2 l, wtJ.hJ11 uwl1hphunt.J.) L l'iwnwqmwuwG uJ12ngmj' (700 uu2 -Jig mt.J.h1]1): lfw2ltl1 1/ftppwgjmfi qqwgru10tpJwG nbgbl4mnpGbpJ.1 qlml,u htu.1u1Gwpbp­ tlUJ<) �bu: Uwl1w.1G, tlw2tiJ1 uJ12ngntJ. uwpqp qqmu t l6-J1g 1 0000 .(y hwl'iw­ JumpJwt.ip tlJ1ppwgJ1wG: lfw2t1ti wnwt.J.bt qqwJmfi t 200-250 .(g hwl'iwJump­ JUJUp tJ.J1p11wgJ1wJJ1 Gl1wmuwt.ip: OpqwfifitpJ1g wt.J.btl1 qqwJmG bu obnpbpp L. nmpbp11: SlillilI/wlJwfi wfiw[/lqwmnpp uwpqm wGtJ.mwGqmpJmGG wl4whntl.Illl UJ­ HUJtlht wl1mM qqwgmpJmGGhpJ1g tlhl1G t: IuwtJ.wpJ1G lnupt.iwpt.J.b1m pGpwggp hwuumt.i t npn2wl1J1 pwt.J.wpwp tlwl1wpqwl1l1 40-50 [1l1t4hJ1g hhum, 1mJu)1G hwpuwpt.J.btm [lfipwgp[l' 2-LO [1l1t4b: Urnu wGuJ12wl.llbu qqnul t 1m.1uJ1 llllllJ­ otlmmpJmfi11, npJ1 2wm uM wpdhpGbpJ1 qbl4gmt.i (UitlbJ11 pUJG 30000 "L,m) l1UJpm1 1. llllllll£UIUllll l111t[1l1tpJm(i: .(J1qJ1liGJ1lt mbuUIGltJmG)lg 1mJuJ1 ll[UIJbUI­ nmpJntUf! tlllbmg t qbpwqwGgJ1 5000 "L,m-J1g: SwpUibmpJUIG ut2 u1wml}hpub11I1 I!liltUitt.iwG hl1tlGwl}UICi pfimpUiqJ1p[l mbunqmpJwG upmpJmfifi t, npJl pumpwqpt.J.mt.i t UIJU GtJ.UiqwqmJCi wGlum­ CintJ., npJ1 t.ib2 bpl}m t1bmbp [lUlllllttJ.mu b(i UIIllllUOJ1Ci-UJ11UIUOpG: ShUillllllPJlllU U[1l1tpJntU [l l}UilutJ.Uib t 1muUI4nptJ.UiompJmfi)1g, 1mJul1 hllllllll11[1lllpJmli)1g (t1numpUium)1g), opJbl1m}1 oL.pg, CipUI mGqpUiqUipot.iUICi hwml}mpJmGJ1g t. UIJl qnponufibpJ1g: LnmUitJ.nptJ.wbmpJUIU L. l}nGmpUiumJ1 t.iMUigUUIU[l qmq11GpUig uMUICimu t mbunqmpJUIU U[1l1tpJmfi11: U.1_1211 qrnfiwqwfimt.i t 7 h!1tiuUil}UIG qmJGbp[l h Cipwug UitJ.btp gUICi hUipJmp CippbpUICiqfibp11: q_mGUIJ)lfi qqUigillllllPJntlifi Uip­ uuuhwJtntJ.mu t 1muUIJJ1G Uitpgfibpp UiqqbgmpJmfi)lg, n[1l1fig wl1112!1 bpl}w­ [1l1LPJlllUJ1 UJUitnUICitJ.mt.i t 380-119 770 Cit.i uUiht.iwfifibpmt.i: Ul1112I1 bpl1Uipntp1s

JlUU L qmUUIJJ1G pGl1w1uwG unum1t.J.np UUihuUJGlibpf! hbmLJllllU b(i' 380-455 lill (ll UIUlllJlllllwqnLJG), 455-470 Gu (lllllLLJmJ m), 470-500 (bplJGUiqnLJU), _ 500-5)0 (l1Uiuw: ), 550-590 (qbIJ..!1G), 590-610 (CiwpG5>UiqntJG) L. 6 1 0-770 Gu (tiwruJ1p): Lmuw.1J1G Uiqqwfi2UIGJ1g llllllll£lll9UIO qqlllgilllntPJlllU[l U[Uiht4UIGtJ.mu t n­ [1l12W t1J1 chm.I wG ml1wuJ12ngJ1 pG lJWggmt.i' UIG ltUI Iu wq qlllli2UIGJ1 t.J.bpwg muJ1g t1UIU Gpu1 pG111pmqpJ1 tJ.mtJ.mtumpJmGJ1g: SbuI1fLwl}mG J1GbpgJ1wG ml,mu t 0, 1-0.3 t.J.11ti: bpl1.:mt.J.1 t. t.mu�wt.J.1 mUipUibmpJUIG uh2 opJbltmGbpJ1 I!liltUitnttl[l pGm­ pUiqptJ.mt.i I: mbunqml1wu qm2umt.J. t. mbunqmpJwG IunpmpJUIUp: SbunqUJ­ t1wu T1.UI2mu pGqqpl1mt.i t hnpJ1qnGUiltUIG mqqmpJUJUp 1 20- 1 60 °, mqqwhUI­ ° JWg mqqmpJUillp qbt4J1 tJ.bpL.' 55-60 L. Cibppl,' 65-72 °: Q-mJGbpG I!Gl1w1bJ11u mbuilllwltUIG qw2mJ1 uwht.iwGGbJl[l tJ.mgpUICimu bu: 0l4mJ1uw1 mbuilllntPJUIG qnmJ1Ci uUJhllUJumtJ.1wl}tJ.mt.i t hbml,Jllll qUIJmntJ.' t.J.hpl,' 25 °, ubpgl,' 35°, �2 t, oUIIu t1nqt.ibp[1 hwuu1UtUJmwutuu1Gu1pw11' 32°: Sbuilllntl)JWfi IunpmpJntU[l _ ll!WJUUiliwtJ.nptJ.wo t U1Uit11.uompJUIG [1Gl1wtt.iUit.ip: lJl1G.1_t. 30 ti uUI!nlUIGGb[1l1tU hbnUitJ.npmp.1u1Ci qGmhUimuwfi pUigUipoUilt UipdbpJ1 uiuUIW t1mqumt.i t un­ mUitJ.npwu1hu 1 2%: SbunqUJl1wG m(iwJliqmumpGbpJ1 tlJ12ngntJ. t.impqG puqmfimu t 2r2wl1w uJ12wtJ.m.JPJ1 tJ.bpUipl,pJw1 J1Ci�m11t.iwgJ1UIJJ1 unm 90%-p: btlibtntl lllJ'l J1Ci}npt.iwgJ1UJJl1g' opqUIGl1qt.i [l UllllJUUiuwl1UJG t. nt llllllJUW­ GUJltmG nb�1h1Ju(ihpJ1, J1G.1_l4hu GUit. qJttnlllllglllltUIG qbl1mt.J.UI[1UUIU t.il1�mgnt.J. u1w2urn1UJG4mu 1: tJ.hpUJhwu tJ.unuGqGbpJ1g, hwpt.iwpt.J.mt.i t utUIJt.iUJGGbpJ1Ci l}Uit.i UUJ[lll[l tlh11wt.J.mtumu t UIUIJt.iUIGGbp[l' !1WUUil4UimmutumGbgub1ntJ. J1p t4whUJG2uhpJ1G m humpUitJ. n[1l1tpJmu Gbp!1Ci: lu�wljwfi wfiw[/lqwwnpfilipp t.iwp1µnu bu hUiugCimu otuJUWJJ1G wqqm­ . (1,nu(i(ibp[l, ll[1l1UIJ l}UI[lllll. hli OWl1UIJbt npl4bU t.J.ullllliq)l UihwqUIGq)1.1_Gbp: ;JUIJUWJltG Uitl11JGbpJ1 hJ1t.iGwl1UICi gmgUIGl12Gbp bu hwt.iw11t.J.mt.i J1CimbGul1tJ.mpJwG t.iwl}W[lllWlt[l L. hwl'iUJp.tnqJJlllU[l, npnGg umpJbltm)ltlnpbG JUilllWltUIG qqtuqmt.iGbpn1t.i [lliqntCitJ.mu bu npu1bu mctqGmpJmCi L. pwp6[1l1tpJmG: bpUil}wG l.lllllJUUIGGli[1l1tU UUI[lJlJ.1 oWJUUJJ)lCi Uiq11tuCi2UICilihpu I!lillllltmt.i t "11ll2Wl1J1 wl1mum)1l1UiltUIG }nGJ1 tJ.pUI: liJq qbl4I1ntt.i :PnG[l l}UI[1l1Jl t Ju1wgfibt oqmUilllll[l UJq11mG2wGI1G: LJUUIU t,\lbl1mli lll2lulllmUIG�p t4w2urn1wumpJm­ ntu mGJ1 bJ1l1Uil1J1 G2wGwl1mpJmG: Ul}mumJ1l}UiltUIG mtJ.)1tGbpJ1 u2Uil1tiwG L � wjuwqbt.iw(i [lGpwgpmti UilihpUidb2mmpJmG t UinUI�UICimu CiUituUimbub1 UIJJl t:Pbl1m)1 qbu l4UIJ12WpJ1 u112ngwnmufibp: flpn2 qbl4gbpntti tu1Uigt.iwfi t­ :PbltmI! l}Uipbl11 t oqmwqnpob1 Uil1mumI1ltwl1UIG tJ.116UiltI! pUipbtUitlbtm Ul4lll­ UlUil1ntJ.: l!Juu1liu, hUIJmGI1 t, np Uinl}UI t pUipop hUil'illlluntpJUIUp u111GbpJ1

tu1wgmUJ! gwap hw6wfumpJWUp urnCib(lill{, ll(lilUJ;! wtlh!.11 1*1. quuuCiqunl_np t.li UWpI]Ill l1wuwp: .:wtift L. hnwft qqwglliJ.mpJmCi[! pwgwhwJmmu t 2[1£tutqtuu1mu qu1Ciqnq CiJmplip!1 hwmtimpJmCiCihpJ!: UnwCio!1G qbtqJ;!h(liltU CiptuCip lttulllliJ. hCi titup· qmG qqm2wgCih1 oqmu wnl1w 011 2wpQ Ci.1mpbpl1 tuliCi2tuG ptuCitul1!1 uwu!1G: -:.wtituJ!1Ci tufiwt11qtumnpl1 pwgwpowlt 2hliwJl1Ci tupcthp[! unmtutlnpum1hu IOOOO wliqwu pwpop t, ptuli lmmI1 tuCiwtl1qwmnpl1Ci[!: IJ}1li�l, tuJctu pwgtu· l1rn1mu t hnmj1 qqlllgilIJ.ntpJtufi htut1[1liql1tuCimp lituliw�nu.i qu1tuo n11ltt qtu· uw1.tw11qmti: .'b!1qlmtnql1wJn1u L. lmqhpwlimpJmlimu mtupwamu t qmhl htuuj1 qqtuglliJ.ntf)JWCi �npumtuppmJpCi mbumpJmCi [!, hwuwowJCi npl1' qnJmpJmCi m­ CihG hwtituJ!1Ci qqmglliJ.mpJtuli �npu u1tupqtuqmJCi olthp' Qtuqgp, qtun[I, ppm l, tuq]1: lJGtugmc) f'OlllP htuUtuJl1Ci qqWglliJ.mpJmliCibp{i j1phGgl1g CihpljlUJtugCimu bCi qpwCig htuuwl19mpJmCiCibp[!: .:_wuI1 L. lmm!1 qqwgnqmpJmCi[! pwgwhtuJ· umtu t n: ui1tuJCi CiJmphpi1 htumljntpJntCiCibp[!, WJtL. opqwG!1qui1 tul1I1IJ.£tuljwli tll1t'itul![1: flufJpwtfl;wtiw1/1ti htutitul1tupq[1 pCimptuqpqmu t nul1npGhp!1 tutipm p_11m1p L. ul1tulimJj1li mdnq, n(lilCip lJtufuqwa bu UtuJUIIlt uhnj1g, opqtuCi!1qtij1 tl!1Citu­ l1!1g, l1wumq1tlnIJ W?jutumtuCipCihph pCimJp!1g L tuJtG: UpJwti 2ppwtiU1IlI11p1n1tip opqwCi!1qup 4bCiuwqnpamCihmpJtuCi mtqwlmtl­ uwCi tuGhpwcJh2m UftuJtituCiG t: lipJwCi 2r2wCiwnmpJtuCi qwqtup!1g 11!1 11mCi!1 pnu1h hhum uwpq [! utuhtuCimu t, ptuCil1 np qtlumqhq[! 2tum qqtuJmCi t tupJmli wlipwqtupw(llltp JWCi, wtlb!.11 lili2m' ppqtuoCituJ!1Ci tuCiptutltuptu(liltpJtuCi Cilftumuwup: OpqwCi!1qumu tqtu(liltCitulfqmu t unmmqnptutqbu 5 l tupJntG, np[1 l1lm[1 l1npmuU1[! utuhwgm t: liwPIJm opqwCi!1qu[1 pCipCiwtqw2mu1mCimpJtuCi ut12ngCihpl1g ubt1Ci tt tuJCi t, np tupJntCi[! l1mmwl1tlmu t ptug 4.bp11hpl1 2mp2, tqCiqmCimu t L. qtuqtupbgCimu t wpJwCi l1n11muu1u: vJWJlllWJftti hwtfwf;wpqp qb4.tu4.wpmu t opqwCi[1qut1 pntnr :t>l1ctlmtnqbtu· l1wu ,l>mGL1g[1tuCihp[! L. L1tuu1mu t lipwli 2112wlJtu u'12w4.wJp'1 hl,m: Cp)1tulttu ut1:i>tutltuJp!1 mtupphp mhuwl1l1 t{mtl.mlwnpJmCiCibp[! (oq[1 2tputuump6wli[1, liCi2utuli, ptuqtuq(liltpJlUU UllUUllUUntUlihpu L. WJLU), tuqqhtml. UJlUPI}WJpCi t1u­ ll(ll1LUCibp[1 4.pw, CipwCignt{ hwqnpq4.mu t hwuwtqwmwufutuCi opqwGCibp[1Ci' lipwCig qnpomCihm�JmU(! 4wpqw4.n11htm hwtiwµ: Uuqwo[!, wntu)1pCi ht11pl1Ci, 4.hptupbp4.mu t uj1pm-wlinpwJl1Ci hwuwljwpql1Ci l, zCi�wntul1tuli opqtulilih11!1Ci: f-lpwl1wu tl{tuJtituCiCih[liltti, wlitutl1qwmn11libpp 4.ptu, tll1wctwuwliwlt tuq­ qmu hCi up ptulil1 qpqnl1llibp: �wumwm4.wo t, np mbuilIJ.wlJtufi wfitutI1qwum­ Pl! qqtuJmCi t n� tll1tuJfi tmJup, WJtli lmmp, ptup&p 2tpuummplituGl1, 1l11pptu­ gi1tuJl1, tuqumlJl1 UJqqhgmpJtuli lilJwmuwup: 1.rzqtuo qnpanlilihp'1 wnlJwJmp­ Jwli ctwuwlitulJ pmttulimtl t mbUilIJ.IllPJntli(!:

l1hliuwqnpDmCilimpJtuG wn1wlmqu1uCi h1uutup, pqwpl1tua pGmpu.1qphp!1 hl,m ujm1uj1Ci, 1Hia Ci2tuGwljmpJmli mlil1 GtuL wliai1 hnqbptuCiwl1tuG tlJ1liwlj(l, llflfl t1wlutlwa t tu11DIJ2wl1wu tl!1t'itu4119, lmqGwampJwfi wumj16tuCil1g, qqtug­ Iiw Gpu11j1(i l, l1wUwJl1G hmummurn1l1u.11.imp.1mG!1g: l!Jutqbu, op!1litul1, qqwg­ um CipwJ!1li, wCihwqwuwpwl1211qwo Utufll1l1l1 wqbtl1 ump bG (!UqrnCimu qmwli­ q1uqnp !1ptuqj1t'iwl1Citpu, hwmlJwtqhu, hpp qpwCip wCiuu1wuhtl1 bCi: 1.rpwfip hwt'iw]u (!UI]ntCimu b(i ujUWL 0(1Il2ntUCibp, l�lllJL b(i mwtim uJutuL qnpanqmp­ JntCifili11 l, rJPUt hhmhtuGpntl mmctmu hCi qctpwium [Jhtt(Pbpj1g: Q-n11omCibmpJwCi {!liptugpnu.i 4.mwCiqlibp[1G 11I1uwl1wJbtm hwmltmpJntUI} UW[Ull1w(ig unm ul,ilwtqbu l1tufu4.tuil t wCioJ1 ungi1UIL·hnqbptuCitul1tuCi n11tu4.­ Gl,p!1g: UGoh tu.Ju npwl1Cibpu n(1Il2qmu bG l1wum1pt.J.1UJ w2futumtuCipCihpp GL1tumu1uup mlihgwa htuptuph(liltpJwtlp, qnpamGhmpJwup, Gtqtumwl1ntl, liuwCi qnpamGbmpJwCi htuutup lipw tqwu1pumu14.womrJwli 1itul1tuPIJtul1ntl, mwp!1pnq, w2lmumwCip!1 umwctnq L. WJLU: buwl1tumpnli mbutul1!1 UWP IJ'1l1, n4.php !1phCig 1qtuml1hpwglimu bu w2]uw11hj1 uunuCigpmu, !rnl1 uliwgwo 1iw11rJl1wlig' np14hu )1pl.lig 2mr2 n1mm4.nq­ Cit.pji, mtupphpqmu hCi rw11op wqpbu[ltlmpJwup L. tiJmuCibp!1g tutlh!.11 hw6wlu. liG u1111dmu qdpwpm1 qli11rnbpl1g: l.,_Ci�14hu lllfllJliCi Ci2tlhg, qmwliqpg utw2u1ll!tuG4.h 1m uwru1m pCiw4wCi hw­ uwl1tupq(i mGj1 nf1112wl1!1 uwhuwliCihp: bpr w2wlttu tl!12wtltuJp!1 qnponCilibpl1 rnqI]hgmpJtuCi !1fiml,uuj14.mpJmCi(! qbpwqwfigmu t utu1uµ11 opqwG[1qul1 hwp­ uwpt.J.I1IJ.tul1 wCi1111�JwG hCi wpwqn(liltpJmGCi hpu, wCih11wctt2umtpJmCi t wntu2wlimti umliqoh1 UWfll]lll wG4.mwliqmpJmCiCi wtqwlmtllliJ. wphhumwlJwCi hw­ utul1wpqhp: l!Ju hwtiu1l1wpqhpli l1phCig ut2 I!Ciqqpl1mu hCi uwpqm lt u112w­ tlwJpl1 qptu tuqrJh1m uhpnrJGhpj1 m tii12nglibpl1 ti!1 wupnq2 hwuwl1gmpJmCi, n1111 liu1tumwl1Ci t l1wliJulil qctpwium qhutphp[! (wnlliJ.2 l, wCit.J.uuuCiq w2fuw­ mtuG1�l1 tqWJtiwlilihpl1 uu1b11c)mu, l1nthltml1tl. lt tuCihwmwljwCi u1tu2mutwlimp­ .1 mli u112nglihpl1 oqu1wqnpamu, tu2fuwmwlipl1 tuli4.uttuliq ubpn[jCilipl1 mum­ gmu L. lllJtli):

l!JµmuwlJ J

011tu4wtuntllJtuli ptuqUtuUJ.tulllltqntl}JtUli qnp.otultltgJ! mtup.php. tup.mtuqp.tuqtuli zJ11intpJntlilihp.lt htuutup.

2. 0'1-U<DOiufll'-f<r30Fv N I.

,

3.

Upmw11pwl1u1(i 011tutpn}umpJWU uu1wmwl1[! zbupbp!1g h wz}uwmwmbqb­ PIHJ wtlbtnpq 2tplimpJwU, }unUw4.mpJwU, 4.mzm, 4Gwuwl1wp qwqbp!1 m gn­ tnpz!1Gbp!1 hbnwgmuu t h pmJtwmptlnq linpuwubp!1G hwuwutwmwu}uwli u!1l1pnt1t11uu1.1!1 LUlltWhn4.ntU[l /9, 30/: Cum 011wuquu1li h11wuwl1'1' oqwtjm}umpJntU [! l1wmwp4.mu t pfiwljw(i t, wphbumwljw{i l,11111litultGl,pmJ: Cum 011wu11l.im(i Illl]flillPJWU' oqtu4111JumpJU1U hwuwljwpqbp[l t11umu h(i ubptf11tfw(i (bpp 2l,lip l ubpuq4.mu uwpm11 011, Irnl1 wqumm4.wb oq[l qmpu t qwtlm mwppbp 6t11.nbp!1g h wug12bp!1g ), Wf1wwtf11tfw{i (hpp zhu2bp!19 wp­ hhumwl1wunpbli l]nt[lU t uq4.mu wqumm4wi) 011[!, tml1 UlllRlll[l Ofl[l umm12 t qnpomu mwppbp ol,111)bp!19 h wugnbf1!1g) It ubptf11tfwfi-wpinwtf11tfwfi (bpp wqmnmtjwi) 01111 Ul[lUllllOillU[! zhG2!1g h UWJ1Ill[l 01111 UbfllllOlllU[! zbU[! ljw­ lllUl[l4_IllU t wphhumwl1wunpbG): Qum zbGJJ!1 (il,immu 011!1 pwzJmiwu· hwuwl1wpgbpp t11umu bu [!firjllwtimJl l, inb11wlJwu, bpp 011wtJm}um)}JntUG t1pwl1wuwg4rnu t zhG12l1 ljn(i!I[lbm mb­ qwuwumu: UGltwiu h11wuwl1!1g, 011w4.m}umpJU1U lmn1wt1wpqbpl1 hwz4wpl1l1 hwuwp Gw}uwu1tu wuhpwdbzm t hwztlbt 011wtJmJum)}JWU hwuwp wuhpwctbzm oqJ1 [!WUwlJ[l: 2.2. O'l-U<I>niufil-fc}3U1, .(.UIJ1.lf' U1.r.(.PUct-bCS O'l-P. .Q.U1,lil[fi. nPncnHfe

OJ]w,jmjutfwti pwqtfwUJwinftljntpJw(i qDflbwlJ/Jg[! {[(0q} til111wn4.mu t oqw4.mfuuw(i unmw4.np hwz4.wf1ljubJllltU: UJU gmJg t mwum, ))b zbUQll Gbp­ umu qmU4.nq 01}[1 pwli!1 wuqwu u1bm[! t lfin. }utl}l ublJ ctwu4.w [!UpWg[!ntU. l l!u'l = Ko11 · Va,

(4)

4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9.

10.

12.

13.

cp.umpJwG wGIJ.wGmu(! -.'..wumng,uJ[1G Cu1pd[1�mGnpnq1\tufi "111Go m191ulJ.npuwG b11w4g,\u1 fi-qm1u1uG ').u1ppGny1u.1[1G <l1rn1btl11'U1J!1G uu1p11bpt1 GnpnquwG C1upcll1;1utj111pa 1upl1uu1fi [_tlwy1\1uG-t\1u11111\wG <!>1u1u1tuu,11ul11ltuli <ltup� w,1ptu ut.G.11ul1u1,1J1fi ut1uu1t,pt1 lJltlh[llo" GpllU[llllli(ilip Ufi1uuu1uu11uh1ul11ufi :pbpuwGb11

�tuqutm4w1np.4.mpJU1G qnpowlJ.9!1 wpdbp{! {Koq), 1/dwu 2+3

1.5+2 3+4 4+6 4+6

1.5+2 2+3

2+3

3+5

npmbq'

L l!0,1 - [!Uqhwump oqwtjm}uuwu hwuwp oq!1 wuhpwdbzm bwtlwtG t,u3/ct, Ko 11 - oqwtjm}umpJwU pwquwu1wm!1lj(i t, 1 /ctwu, npl1 wpctbp(ibp[! -pbptjwb tu W'lJillUWlt 5-mu, zhG2!1 (ibpp!1U Olll4_WLU t, u 3 : Va . U4.btl1 6zgp!m1 hwz4wpl1Gbp ltutmwpbtm Gu1wmwl1ntJ oqw4 m}umpJU1U ow4wl[l npnzmu b(i [IUUl zt.uv11 (ihpumu w4.bt9ml1w111u tj(iwuwltlllJllll}}JlllU­ (i b11!1 QWUwl1l1: cf.tiwuwljwp tiJntpbpft (4.mz!1, ump L. WJtU) hbnwguwu hwuwp wuhpw­ ctt2m oqw4.m}un1p1wu ow4wl[l (u 3/ct) nJlllztlmu t hbmh1wt pwuwol1n4.. pd L 410 = p _ p , p

npU1b q'

q

( 5)

Pd - zbG2[1 ub11umu ublj ctwumu wu2wm4.nq tjmzm (up!1) 12wuwljfi t, uq/ctwu, pP - zhG2)1 (ibpumu 4.mzm ll!WJllllUUlljntpJWU pntJLUllllpbLlt [!Ul­ (iwlj(i t (wq . 2), uq/u ,

pI} - I\PU(l oqmu t.J.m2m QlUUtulJCi t, uq/u 3 : cl.liwuwljwp qwqlipft hl:inwguwCi hwuwp wCihpwctb2m 011wt.J.mJun1p.1wCi <)wt.J.wm (u /ct) nf1112t.J.mu t.

Lq

=K

Kd p

-K

(6) I}

Kt - qwqbp(1 lJ.2nwJ(1Ci RtuCiwlJ.Ci t, npCi wCi2wmt.J.mu t 2tCi1�!1 Cib11umu, ublJ. ctwumu, uq/ct, qwqbp(1 uwhuwCituJ(1Ci pmJttumpbtli pwqw11pmp.1mCiCi t oKP 11mu, uq/u 3 (hwtlb1t1.wo 1), Kq - qpup 011IllU Ultl.Jtut qwq(1 UJWpmCitulJntpJlUU (!lUUtulJ.Ci t, Uq/U 3 : SlpwJftfi qn1np2fttilipft wlJ.bt9ml1!1 hbnwguwCi hwuwp wCihpwctb2u1 oqw­ t.J.mJuntpJtuCi <)wt.J.mm (u 3 /ct) npn2t1.mu

npmbq'

t.

C - oq(1 u(12(1Ci mhuwlJ.wpwp S)bpumCiwlJ.mpJmCiCi t: q.np<)CiwlJ.wCi hw2t1.wpl1Cibpn1U lUJU t.J.bpgt.J.mu t 1005,6 .2/l1q·°C l1wu 0,24 lJ.lJ.wtflJ.q· °C, p'l - qpul1 011!1 JummpJmCiCi t, lJ.q/u : l!4btl1 62qp(m1 hw2lJ.wplJ.Cihpl1 hwuwp, oqp JummpJwCi wpdhQCibpl!' l1wtu4tuo 2hpuwumt16wCil1g h 6Ci2mul1g, lJ.wpbtl1 t {!Cimpht' oqmtlbtntl / 1 7/ qpwl1w­ CimpJwCi l.1 3 WllJlllUUilJltg: OIJft jurnmpJDLfif!, lJ.wtut.J.wo Cipw 2tpuwuml16wCi(1g (t), npn2t.J.mu t bhml1JWL l1bpu1. Pa1q 1 =

n i - 2pwJ(1Ci qn1np2(1Cibp wnw2wgCinq mbqwuwubp(1 p(1tl.1!, qi - Jmptu(lWULJmp mhqwuwumu wnwsiwgnq 2pwJ(1Ci qn1np2l1Cibpl1 (llUCitulJ.I! qp/ctwu: qr - 211wJ(1Ci qntnP2!1Cibp(1 wnwtlhttuqmJCi QWCiwlJ.Ci t oqmu' l1wtu­ ° t1.wo 2hpuwum(16wCi(1g: bpb 1 0 C 2hpuwum(16wCimu oq(1 lun­ Ciwt1.u1wpn1CiwlJ.mpJntCi{! lJwqumu t 9,372 qp/u , l5 ° C-(1 11tui° ° 12mu' 1 2,763 qp/u , 20 C-(1 11hUIQmU' 7, 64 qp/u , tuUjW 30 C-mu' 30,139 qp/u 3, � - qpu(1 011h lunCiwtlu1wpmCiwl1mpJmCiCi t, npf! Cibpu t uqlJ.mu 2hCiRlt CibpQl1Ci qnmiiCi, qp/U : Ut/li19mlJw1ftfi pliptfmpJwti hbnwguwCi hwuwp wCihpwcth2m 011wt1m-

Jun1pJw� OUit.J.wm u /ct npn2t1.mu t hbmh.1w1 pwCiwohnt.J..

L =

'

Qlll�

Cp q (ta - tJ'

(8)

npmbq' Qw4 - 2hCiR umCinq wt.J.b19mlJ.w.1l1Ci sitpumpJtuCi QWCiwlJ.Ci t, npf! npn2t1.mu t mbfuCin1nq(lwlJ.wCi hw2tlwpl1Cihpntl, l1lJ.wl_/ctwu lJ.wu SJ.Jct,

. , + t Glql ZT' .)

(9)

t6 li t'l - hwuwuiwmwuluwCiwpwp 01111 2tpuwum(16wCiCi hCi 2hCiRlt Cibp­ unnY l1 qpunni, °C-nt.J.:

(7 ) npmbrf

2.3. f!1,UlJU1, 0'1-U<DflluflHir3fll-1,

f�uui uwCitm1wpwl1wCi CinpuwCibpl1' pn1np wpmwrwwlJ.mCi 2bCigbpn1u n1l,mp t, CiwJuwmbutl.11 pCitulJtuCi oqwt.J.mJumpJwCi l1pwlJ.wCiwgmU{!: Oql1 pCiw­ l1tuCi mbqw2wpct{! 2l1CimpJtuCi Cihpumu mbaj1 t mCibCim11 Cihpu(1 L qpu(1 011(1 9lqu1wum(16wCiCibpl1 mwpphJllllJJJtuCi (hbmhwpwp' CipwGg IummpJmCiCibp(1 UIUtppbpntpJwCi)- hhmltWCiQnlJ. lfWU 2l:iCigl1 Ultupphp lJnqtlhpntU l�WUlll Wl1lU­ yu1gpwil 6Ci2muCibp(1 mwpphpntpJwCi hbmlttuCiQntl: f f2Ciwl1wCi 011wt.J.mJun1pJtuCi hwuwp 01111 ummQI!, l1UJUwow.1Ci f uI-,Jll-11, wunwCip uitu1p t l1wmwptlfl hwmwll11g 0,3-l ,8 u pwpopntpJwCi t.J.pw, (ml 1 6t1nwCi1!' n� uiwlJ.wu, QWCi 4 u pwpopntpJtuCi tl.Pw: '1-pu(1 l, Cibpu(1 01111 JummpJmCiCihp(1 hhmhwCiQntl wnw2wgnq 6Ci2muCibpl1 mwppb1m1pJmCil! (fllw) npn2t.J.mu t. npu1hrf

H:::::g•h llj � q -pG ),

( 10)

g = 9,8uftl.plt2 - wqwm wCilJ.uwCi wpwqwgmuCi t, h li! - t.J.bpl1Ci L. CibpQ(lCi (wpmwMwCi L. CibpwmiwCi) 011wCig(!Ubp(1 w­ nwCigQCibp(l pwpopntpJmCiCihp(l mwppbpntpJmCiCi t, u, pq li p6 - hwuwuiwmwuJuwCiwpwp, qpu(l L. Cibpu(l 011(1 fummpJmCi­ CibpCi bCi, lJ.q/u (npn2t1.mu h(i 9 pwCiwoltntl):

.2ամm աոlէայնllրյանն հեmհաննի2իիիի 2էննրր մր lէllIյ.նlmմ ճն2ման մեծացmմlը lէ մյmմ 4IlIյ.նlmմ' աննlիmմlը ա ոա2ացննmմ ենն

r-·.

<lնն2mմ (ա իի ), որյի մէծmրյոէննIը (՝lա) ոնlll2էlmմ է.

l~

~l~-~-~~-~--RR---

Ւ ր =±\II v ջր . '!' իի իի դ •

~

(իկ)

ը2աննաճ.lէmմ'

իիկ. 2. Cl:նծրէն աէրացէնանն՝ Iյ.Illllմյ{ննն րtմlim մmlյ.tմյոtրյtանi եtմit.անiրոit

\յ/ իի

- դործաի.էյից է , որր արժհն;m ի.էարհէlի է յըմմինlհէ /ի4/ դրաlիաննmրյանն 2.4 աrմmմաիէյից,

V իի - Qամlll արադmրյmննն է , մ/էյ.րlն; իիlմmմ

նն2աննlը ցոlյց է mաէիիlի դրաlէանն ճCնշmմlը (ճնշmմlը րամm ադդե-

դmրյանն 4IlIյ.նlmմ), մյիննmմ նշաննlը' րացmմաlէանն ճնշmմlը: .աաէնm հհmlէանի2ոէl mհիիյի mննlնցոդ օդ.աէյ.rոխմոէրյանն համա ր մինհրմիclհ2m

իիկ. I . µ fitմկեtիի շենiրոl րնitմlյ.անi օqա.itmtմmրյնանi եաlitմlյ.tմիիqlի մtմեlitմնi

OIյէմ(նցQէնհրյի ըըննդհաննmր մաlյերհմIը Ilնlնl2էյ.mմ է.

F ·- _ _ն_ _ ր 3600'tիի . v ր '

ի. ր.mqmրմիl!lի tlllllllյ!յl ցամց, ջ. աfllflllllո'iաա ր.mqmրաlt, 3. lոմqmյ!lltlil աեlրոtաաիցqիմi) մlխllt.ծյt,

կ . միրmmիtման մեlիmմացիյիմօ եորմին, 5. իիեl>i_եqmոր

lնյննmհհmհ ոիm2mմ ենն օդր շարժմանն արադmրյոէմյը (էI/էl.յ.նlէ) օդաննցրmմ.

v

ԽI]

ցՒ -իկջ\իի'է' - րq '

ն

'

(II)

որmհIյ'

'tիի

-

(ի ()

դործաlիյից է , որlը lիայմէյ.ած է դոննlիրեm միաիմաննCներյից (mե'մ

իիկ/ դրաlիաննmրյmնն 2. իի ննlէաթIը հ 2.( աILյնllմաlէIը):

.•

որmհդ' ա. - օդաէնցիիmմ օդյի շարժման դրմmդրmրյանն դործաի.էlիցնն է : դ.mննmմ հնն եննlր (արmածանն) օդաննցIըններյի դոիմարաիյինն մաlէհրհմlը.

-

F tա

մրհեմmաlէանն (մեէմաննյիlիաlիանն) օդաէjrոխմոէրյոէննIը lնյlրաոէյ.mմ է այնն

ն 3600v օq

(իջ)

ներմmմ աոա2ացած րոիոր էյ.ննամաlէանlնlէրյmննններյը: lնյնն lիրաlնաննացէյ.mմ է

մlիաmյի mննեննաիոէl Iըմէորէյ.աե- մմlllնմlխմlնlմl օդաննցի2ններյի 4արէյ.ածիիր մաlիերհմյի մէծmրյmննIը (ն0իի)' որոշmմ հնն հնllյl օդաննցրններյի թծlը.

ո

օq

Ft -___!!.... ն .

(ի3)

օq

'մերածանն օդաննցրններր lըննդհաննmր մաlէերհմlը հաշէյ.mմ ենն' հրմր m ննեէնաիոէl մաննյmիmրա4անն ննորմաննհրlը, Iըմմl Ilնllllնց ' FհյFնիIllա= l,l + ի,2(: ջ6

իlնննրենlնlէմ, որmեդ րննէմlէէմնն օդաէյ.mխմոէրյամր հննարաէյ.որ ն է հեոացննհէ 2եննիիյl Iյամհարներր հ էժեlէmորններր օդmադործամր: մրհեմmmlէանն օդաէյ.mխմոէրյանն աոաէյ.եէոէթյոէննններրց է ննաlէ համաlիարդmմ tpwgmgJ1~ մարի2երյի lէ հարմարաննի2ններր (օդր mաի2ացmցյին ններ lնամ մաոեցmցյին ններ, նորացmցյէն ններ lնաէI խմոնէմէյ.ացmցրն ններ, դmրն ննհր) ljրրաոմանն հննարաէյ.ոնlնlէրjոէմըը: ը2ացlի այդ, ննմանն համաlէարդըը հննարաէյ.որոէրjոէմ է mամm lէարդաէյ.որեէm օդյի հոմրր mդդmրյոէննըը, արադոէրյոէննlը հ ե՝աէյ.աm: մ րհեմmաlիանն օդանրոխմոէրյոէննIը 4անիIlիի է էlյննեէ ըըննդհաննmր հ mեդաlնանն: ջ7

w

1,q. 3. l!phl:muuuqmli OIJlttlpllfuntpJWU h1111hul w11qJ1 uJuhtituli { w) 1lJ1w1u ubrwauw1lp. p) u]lwJli wrmwbllwup, q) ubpwMtuup lt UlJllfllUMwup l. Ofll]f11µ11upi, 2. OljlllllllllJI, 3. qmJJt,4- ltlll!IlJlp4'!JJl, 5. ptmlhu1p, 6. utqnl1111mli 011wug11lil:ip, 7. wp­ mmo111lmli 011u1ug11Cil:ip. 8. qwql:ipl1g lt qmzmg olJ.11 6mj)JlUUlli llllljlpU1t!npmu, 9. bll}jl Ol}tuligp

[!(il]hwuntp OIJ1.111/m]u.o.1p1wu hw2tJ.wptm lj_wmwp1Jmtl t hbmL­ JWl hw2n[Ulw4wCimpJwtlp. w) qanui bu hwuwlj_wpqf1 u}ub­ tlwfi' uzbtml wfigmtlCibprr, fibqw­ gmtlfibpf!, tlllJfiwgmtl(i bp11 amJ.wgp­ fibpf!, tJ.m1l1wCifibp(!, lllJL uwppbpfi m hwptlwpwCipCibpf! h I]flWfig 1.w­ tlibpf!, p) npnzmtl bfi oqwtJ.m}umpJwfi hwtlwp wfihpwctbzm oqp pwfiwlm L hwzt mtl pwtlluupp Wf1U1Wqpn­ { qwl1wfimpJntfi(!.

L =K ·L p

llj

'

(16)

npmbzf K..1 = 1,3+2,0 - tqwzwp}l qnpinulI11gCi t, q) npnznuI bu nfi2tlwfi qnnhu­ pwJJ1fi lj_npnwmfihpf!' (tflw):

H q =H mq +H w �.

(17)

fitqJiq mhqwtlumhpnni nfi2tlU1fi lj_npnmmfihp{! hwztJ.mtl bfi hhmL.Jwt pw­ fiU1ol1m.(.

Ւ

-~ \JI i.,

lll fj

i-I

rմդ •

Pդ · vՃօlէն~ . նն 2•ժ.

(18)

I

npmhq' 'Vn1.11

}unqntJ.U14f:t nu:i.Illl hwmtJ.wafibpnttl oqJ1 z4.1tlU1fi qnpawl{I1gfi t (u1nqtqtuU1JW }un:qmfwlj_Cibpnui' 'Vn1.11 = 0,02), p'l qpu)l oq.)1 jummpJm(i(i t, l 1q/t13, V.i1i� - hmz4.wp4tJ.nq mhqwtltuumu oqf:t zwpctuwu wpmqmpJmfifi t, np{! pwtlhwp)1Ci tlnm tlwuhpnttl nfiqmfitJ.nuI t 8+1 2tl/tJ.p4, Jmlt pwtlhwpf:tg hhnm tlwuhpnttl' 1 + 4tl/qp4: Li h di - hwtlwtqwmwujuwfituptup, milJwt mbqwuwumtl, Junqn4.wl.J.f:t hpl1wpmpJmfi(i m mpwtlwqf:tafi t, ti: tiuztlwfi mhqwJj1fi 1.J.npntumfibph htuztltiwfi hwtlwp oqmqmu h(i hbmhJwt pwCituohf1g.

R\յl

ա

մ> =L,

'

tօ · P իի ·Խ~lիt

ջ

t-l

(19)

(!fimpntp­ npmbq \jiu, - mbqwJf1Ci 1.J.npntumCibp}1 qnpow4}1g(i t, npf:t tupdhpp. wqJm­ 2.6 pJwCi qpwqwfim 4/ / oqmtlbt t 1.J.wphtl JWfi Ciu1wmwl1ntl l.J.}19): uwl1)1g lJ.wtl / 7/-11 7 WqJmuw ..:.w2tJ.l1 1W1Cihtnq 6Gztiwfi qmtlwpwJ}1fi ltnpnmmCihpf! L. f!Ul}Iltfibtntl pwti­ hw11I1 Ujlllhwfi2tJ.nq wpmwqpnqw4wfimpJntCi{! hw4.U1uwp oqwtJ.mtumpJwCi 01UI.J.wl11Ci, oqmtl_btml ft4/ qpurtiumm�Jl:t.rt:i4:l+-Oltttt},pg, }!Cimpmu bfi hrnuw­ u1mmruujuwu J;?Wtlhwp: eGm[liltU bu pwtlhwph hwtiwpf! (N), oqmwlj_wp qnponqmpJwfi qnpawl1fi.­ gp ( llv) lt A ,1.w4.1nqwl1wumpJU1U gmgwufi.zt!: .Qwuhwpjl U(UlntUlWpqbp}! (Ujm/pn Uj) hwztJ.mtl b(i' oqmtlhtntl {!Uu1ptJ.wa gmgwu (12Cihp!1g. (20)

Ճ

ո ~ =-. `.

..:.w2tJ.mti h(i pwtlhwpfi wzjuwmbgfinq tthl1mpwzwpct}l.,1.!1 UIWhlllfi2tlllll hqnpmpJmfip' ld1tntlwmhpntJ..

_

pt12 -

Hq .L11

-- '

3 ' 6 . 106 . \1·1l l

(21)

tp

npmhtf 1lt1i= 0,9+0,95 - tlmJuwfigtilllfi oqq-Ci t: l!.JCimhbmL, oquufhtntl wqJmuwl.J. 4-)1 milJwtfibp}1g, (!fimpnttl b(i hwtlw­ U!WU1U1ujuwfi ttbltmpw2wpct}12: SliQwljwu 01Jwif.wjump1wu hlllztlwpl.J.J! lJ.tumwpqmtl t CimJfi ahml, tl}1wJCi lllJumt.q wfihpwctbzm t hwztJ.ht oqwmmp hntJ.hwph wtlbfiwfihq uwup. l1mptJ.wap)1 tlw4bphuJ!.

ab npmhr (

1td --=---4

L

3600v il)r

(22)

hwtiwtqwmwujuwfiwpwp, lllll.ItWfitumfi l{mpqwapnq oqw­ mwp}1 l.J.mpqwanp. :_wiphpfi hCi, tl-nq: d lttnp l1mptlwbpn4. oqU1mU1p}1 mpwtlwq}1afi t, u-ntJ.: alt b

l!.JylllUWlj 4 A. AO, AA I. AOA ulipfm1JI.J. ltlilJ.wpwzwpdw_Ciliplt pUnrpU1qplipl! <.qnrmt- "lmmmw- lJ ttl:i4mpw2wpctjl�Ji mimm pJntfi [!, ptJ.l:iJI[!, (!,'ll li'-lS UJtnipmq

lJ ttb4mpw2wpctM1 mJmm (!.4 I Ali. A;\ 31-4 2 AO li. AO,\ 31-4 3 AO li. AO,\ 31-2 4 A,AO, A;\ 41-6, AO;\ 41-6 5 A,AO, A.,\ 32-4, AOA 32-.t 6 AO, AO;\ 32-2 7 A,AO, A,\ 42-6, AO,\ 42-6 8 A...\O, _.\,\ 41-4, AO,\ 41-4 9 A,AO, A,\ 32-2, AO,\ 41-2 10 A,AO, A.,\ 51-6, AO,\ 51-6 11 A,AO, A,\ 42-4, AO;\ -i2-4 12 A,_.\,\ 41-2, AO li. AO,\ 42-2

00...._

0,6 0,6 0,6 1,0

1,0

1,0 1,7

1,7

1,7

2,8

2,8

2,8

j·_d

13 A 61-8,AO 62-8 14 A,AO, AJ\ 52-6, AO,\ 52-6 15 A,AO,A.,\ 51-4, AO,\ 51-4 16 A,AO, A;\ 42-2, AO;\ 51-2 17 A 62-8,AO 63-8 18 A 61-6,AO 62-6 19 A, A,\ 52--t AO;\ 52-4 20 A,AO,A;\ 51-2, AO;\ 52-2 21 A 71-8, AO 72-6 22 A 62-6, AO 63-6 23 A 61-4, AO 52-4 24 A, AO 52-2, AO;\ 62-2 A 72-8, AO 73-8 26 A 71-6,A072-6 27 A 62-4

<.qnpm- ll\ uuittnWptJ.l:iJI[!, pJntG[!, li'-lS UJtn/pnu1 4,5 4 .5

4,5

4,5

7,0 7.0 7.0

7,0

�

.Ih�- ·w

_,,...

q.

-·

-�

ulJ..4. SliJJ.rnlJ.wU oqwip.ntumpJlllfi hmptlwpwUyUlipl1 ufulitlmfi w) UJWhwpwfiwJI1u, p) 1tw1t4ngwJp.fi, q) 4nqwJJifi, q) UJWUl:itWJllfi, 1:i) hnqhwpwJI1u, q)pwum AO L. AO.A t1tt1u1plll2lllPdP.lfibpJ! 4U1pb1P t mbqU1qJ1bt qJlUntU, plllg tU16U1l1mu, p.ult A lt AA t1bltmplll2lllPctP.2_!ibpJ! qpumu' m.ualtp. mU14:

2.5. 0'1-UfiPUliU'-lflPDHf

, o11unJmtuntpJlllfi uml_npllll!lllfi hU1uwl1wpqbpJ! Lb{i 4U1pnq tuUJ.tuhmJbt oqp. pnt nP u1wpwubmpbpJ! pmJttumpll_nq finpuwubpp. uU1hUU1fifibpmu: lfwP11ltU1fig qmfill_btm \l_U1Jpbpntu pwptfiuiU1um oqlllJp.fi up.2wiJ.tuJp lttupb111 t tUUJ.lllhnll_bt Up.U1Jfi oqwnpU14UU1!i up.•imgnll_' oqmtuqnpab1niJ. oqtunptulttu­ ll_np!1i hwpuwptufiQfibp (ltnfiqJ1glmfibpfibp), npnfiQ 4U1pnq b{i tull_mnuwm ltbp­ uinil. l1wpqtull_npt1 01111 2tpuwumJ16U1fiJ!, htupU1pbpU14U1fi tunfiwll_mp_1 ntfil!, zwpdt.lwfi lllplllqntpJntfi[!, il_m]:ull_nq oqp. m.utl_lllll!, oqU1UqUU1!i mqqmpJntliJ!, o­ qnGJ1 ti mU111pbp p.nfifibpl1 uiwpnt!itultmpJmfil! oqmu: Pwgp. lll.Jll, qnJntpJntfi m(ib{i fituL. mb]:ufin1nqp.U14U1{i oqtunpwl1wiJ.npp.L­ (ibp, npnGQ UJ.Whll!lllfintU b(i npL.t mb]:ufin1nqp.tu4U1fi uipngbup. htuUwp U1fi­ hptudb2m oql1 uituhlllfi2tlnrt gmgw!ip.z!ibpJ!, opp.fillllt' 12l1Up.U14tufi lt l1tuuU1Ql1t.lJ1wltwG UJ.pngbup. l!fiptufillltnt tuptuqntl)Jtufi, fiJntl)bpp. lunfituiJ.UJ.wpntfiw­ lj_mp.1wG hU1umtummfimpJU1fi, mlllppbp ufifiqU1UpbpQfibpl1 h qJntqt.lpbp11fibpp. UJ.Whu1tuGuwfi dU1U4bmp. bp4wpwguwG, umwmp.l1 t1b4mpU14U1u t}l.gQbpl1 U1nw2U1gt.lwG (itl_U1qbgUU1u htuUlllp UJ.U1htuG2tJ.nq gmgU1!ip.2fibpJ!: Oqwnpwl1U1tl_npUU1u hU1UU14U1pqbpJ! !l1fimu bfi mb.qU14U1fi L. lJ.bfimpnfiwltwfi: SbrJwfJwli oqwnpwljw/J tfnptfwfi hU1Utu4wpqbpp.g bfi utl1 ub!iJU14mu uJ1l1pnl1!l1UtuJl1 ll!lllPU1Ubmpbpl1 lJ.wpqllltl_np­ Ulllfi hlllUlllp fiw]:uwmbutl_wa EK-1500 L. EK -2500 l1bliglll­ IJ.U1Jp.fi oqtutl_npwlj_wtl_npp.Lfib­ PI!: EK -1500 oqwtl_nplllltllltln­ PP.Ll! a U1):uU1mtut1. wa t u11alL. 25 u2 UU14bpbu mfibgllIJ. ubfiJtu­ ljp. hlllUlllp, p.ult EK -2500-!!' uJ1filL. 35 u2 UU14bpbunll_ ubfiJlllltfibpp. hlllUlllp: iJ 4lLlifir.npnfiwljwli oqwnpwf J 5 7 8 Cb<ip lJftJ hU1UU14U1pqbpntU oqlllulJ.. 5. EK-1500 oqwnpwlJ.witnplJW. ulJ.<ll!mfipwJI1U npU1ltU1tl_npntUJ! tiwmwptl_mu t Ull!U1Ulllp4tl_nq ubliJtultfibpp.g I. wmuug11wJI1G pwuhw1���::!mp\1 ttl:i4mpwzwpc!Jit, qmpu, p.ult Ol}J! uqtl_mu t ll!lll3. 4.m14wu (IJ.llUW4), 4. \il:ifitnpnuwtumJU pwuhwp, 5. qntnp2Ji1ugmgjl�, 6. oqwqtnJJ�, 7. UJl2UWUJWill, hlllfi2tlllll UlGqtuUtuUGpJ!' }un8. IJ.h4wtJ.mJJuwu qwhwuwti, 9. tiwulJiump. tunqnqw4, qntl_lllltlll2ll1Pbpp. up.2ngntl_: IO. qu1J1�-�npwgmgl•t, I I. J!uqwpdw4}1t, 12. nnmmgjlnu tummgmgt1�, 13. tinuqbuuwump. (4ntmwtiJi�)

·p-1 --P,-'

llu = npmlilf

'lrll.. 6 l1liliuipnlimll.mli o:qmnpmtimitnpI1�l1 ufuliumli 1- tuwoliowli fugplJ., II - pmliwtJ.wgowli lugl11J., I. tJ.1wlJ.wli, 2. qmtit, 3. wnw2liwJt1li mwpmgowli IJ.w1np!1-t,bp, 4. 1pwlJ.wli, 5. l'J:lll upulJ.lit, 6. IJ.mp!11wpwctwlik 7. hJ:lllPDJ:l'lWJpli mwpwgomfi l1u11nJ:1�-l>bJ:l, 8. pwohwp, 9. t1blJ.mpw2wpctpt

Oqwn11wlJ.uuln11l1�Cibprr w.umu bCi wtJ.mnuwm L. lJ.ImwwtJ.mnuwm: UtJ.um­ uwm lJ.wpqwtJ.n11uwup oqwn11wlJ.tutJ.n11l1.'.CibJ10tU oqp gmgwfip2Cibpp lJ.w11qw­ tJ.nJ10tU[! lJ.wmw11tJ.mu t hwuwUJ.wmwuJuwCi tJ.lwlJ.wCiCibJlp IlPJll!P tJ.lntJ.lnlu­ uwup L. hwuwlJ.wpqbJlp UpWgUWUp-WU2WUlUU1Up' [!UUl UlJlqtll<) nbctl1Up: lJp­ UWlllqUlDUUlUl hwuwlJ.w11qbJ10tU (KTI...(- 1 0, KTI...(-20, KH3-Y 1,2, KH3-Y 0,8U) lJ.w11qwtJ.n11uwCi DJ102 qn11ailll.ntPJntCiCib11 t1wmw11tJ.mu b(i uwp.qm up2wu­ U1IllpJU1Up: Oql1 n11wt1witnJ10tU[! t4.whwfi2mu t upwchuuwCiwJ.uw L. 2whwqn11c)wlJ.wCi wtJ.bW. uM awJuubp, QWCi oqwtJ.mJuntpJmfitr UwlJ.wJCi I}JlWUQ 2wm 2mm hbmqCitJ.mu bCi w2luwmwCiQp WJlU1lllI}I111Ilwl1wCimpJwCi pwpo11wguwfi, hl1tJ.wCiqmpJmliCibpp ptJ.p tJ.lnQJlWguwCi, Pilll.WJllJ.tl.D IJ. WJlUllllllJlWCipp n11wlJ.l1 pw11011wguwCi hw2tJ.l1Ci:

ջ.6. մ'l-ի'- lյա.քPմl-lfք t.l.մաաlilil!P մ-80ի-fմեPՑ F

" _Oqp UWQJliltU[! tJ.CiwuwlJ.w11 CiJmpbJlpg lJ.WJlillJ. t p11wlJ.wCiwgtJ.bt pCi�UJ.bu WJlUlWQpCi oq[! 2bfiQ Cib11uqbtlm, WJCiUJ.bu tt 2bCippg wqmmntJ.wa oq[! qn111u uqbw.u: Unw2pfi qbUJ.QmU WUJ.WhntJ.tJ.mu t UWJllllJ.wCig 1.J.bCiuwqn11amCibmpJm­ Cil! 2bfiQmu, pulJ. bJllJ.JlllM qbUJ.Qmu' 2p2wlJ.w ut12wtJ.wJpp UWQJliltpJntCi[!: tm2m L. hbqmlJ. JuwnCimp.qCib11pg oqp UWQpUwCi CiUJ.wmwlJ.ntl tw.11wntJ.mu bCi tJ.ln2bnpuI1�CibJ1 L. qntnp2wnpup�Cibp:luw11pwtJ.nJ1Il1UCibJ1p w2JuwmwCiQp lJ.w11L.npwqmJCi gmgwfip2 t hwuwptJ.mu oqp UWQJlUWCi wpqJmCiwtJ.bmmpJm­ Ci[!, DJll! nJ102tJ.mu t hbmL.Jwt pwCiwaL.ntJ..

P,

It

P2

pI

(23)

UUll)J1DtUl1\J 1unw2 l, hbum oqnni n1mpmCiwl1tJnq Juu111CimJ1rJJ1 pwCiwlJ.Ci t, uq/u 3 -ntj: t;p b uhl1 uwpgu1tJ.n11uwCi oqu,wqnpihiwup w14.whml.tJ.mu t u1whwCi�Hjm1 wi111.1mCiunJ.hmmpJ11tti[! (m.1uJ1Cil)Ci' Pz:S Pr), wJq t4.J109hu[! lJ.n.'.tJmu t uJ1wu­ mj16u1tiw.1J1ti: .(wciwJu l1J1pwmJ.mu l pwquwuu1J1ciwCi qumul, hpp oqu11uqn110tjmu bti hw�m11qwl1wCi qmuu1Ci mwpplip UWJ1!2WtlnJ10tUCih11: UJU qhummu, owvptltuCi tuflIJ.JntCiw4hmmpJmCi11 nJ102tJmu l hbmL.JWL lJ.hJlllJ.. -

(1- riJ (1- 11J .. (1- r,J

ll� = l -

(24)

npmhq 11 1 , 11 2... q.-[l mwpphJl qu1J1�CibpJ1 w1u11mtiwtjbmmpJmCiCibpCi bCi: U.HwJdU qnJntpJmCi �mtihCi mCiJ1tjhpmu1 4m2hqmJ1.'.Cibp, nJlDCip hfiwpwtjn­ p111p.1111Ci unu(i npuuqm unupphp �wtj1hpJ1 I, u1mpmCi1ul1mpJtuu11 tjm2111 htu­ mj1l1Cilip11: 3m11wgwli.-_ Jmp uwpgwtjnJllltll CiwJuwmbutjwo t 4102m n11t.l u1b­ mul1l1 l, ul1qpCiwl1wli pwqWrJJllltpJwli hwuwp h mCiJ1 uw1211uwCi UJ.Whwfi24lll] wpri.1mliwtjlimmpJntfil!: Oq)1 Utu!)JllllU[l 4m2mg 1.J.wpnq I: 1)1Cibt lJnUJftw, tift2ftfi L. fintpp qmmunl}: t mu1jm1 qmuwCi f1Cipwgpmu npuitmu hfi oqmu llJ.WJ1Dtfiwl1tl.DIJ. tjm2m uto hw­ m)1l1Cibp[! (50ut1u-J1g uM): 1,uwli qum1u11 1.J.wpb!.11 t lJ.)1111unb1_, op)1Ciwl1, n11u1bu lu)mm tjm2nmtjwo uJ1ywtjw.1pl1 pwquwuu1)1ciwCi qmuwCi ul1qpfiwl1wfi 41mt: lJJ12pCi uw12puwCi I!Ci1nu9p1111\ nputjmu hli 1 0-50 ul11.1, J1ul1 Cimpp UWIJJlUWCi [!Cipwgpmu' IO u1.J.u-J1g tjmpp tJm2111 uwuCij1l1CibJ1(!: li.nn1J1m h u)12)1Ci UWQpUwCi hwuwp oqmwqnpotJ.mu bCi tJ.m2bnpu)1�Cihp, n­ - J10Cig qn11amCibntpJntCi[! hJ1uCi4wo t l + tjm2m hwu1J1lJ.CihpJ1 qwCiqtJ.wat1 wqqb­ + - + gmpJmCiJ1g Cipw CiumbguwCi l1wu oql1 hnupJ1 wpwqmpJwCi �mqmJuuwti hhmL.wCi1rntl wnw2wgilll. J1Cibpg)mCi m­ dbpJ1 wqqbgmpJmCiJ1g tJ.in2m uwuCi)1l1CibpJ1 CiumbguwCi (tlm2bCiumhguwCi Jugb11) lt 2w11duwCi mqqmpJwCi tjm­ tlmJuuwCi hbmhwCiQntJ. hwmI1l1Cibpl1 wCi2wmuwCi (gJ1lnnfiCib11, pCibpgpnCi L. ll�. 7. <l>nzlinput1�1ilip{1 utuliumlilip.J! U1) g]1lanfi. p) t1hl jtnplUljtUli qm]lt nnmwg JmCi tJ.ln2bn11up�Cib11) tJ.pw: I. uhl1mu]1i, 2. t1bl1mp1111

3 ll11u111111I11ul11ufi mufi]nnu111]1w

LwJfi mw11woml.i bCi qmht gftf/[nfifibpp (fil[. 7w), npnfigntl.i npu4rnl.i hfi (GumliHtlmli hti) 10 114u-J1g ubo Lnp, n� pliLUJtlnp h LlJUJ.:'illl tlm2m hwmj1l1lihpu: fJnwwgJmfi ifmzhnpuj1,1fibp1] (nm11nl11nli) orm um11pmu hli l1n2m l, hli11ml1 [munti1111111fihpl1g' uimtntiwfi 2Cinphl11.I w11wtwgn11 l1humpnCiw)umJu l, lumjm1muJ1 mdt.11!1 wq11hgmpJwfi u1mlt juwnumpqj1 hwm}1l1Cibpp fihmuw(i l1 liuml,g1.iwu lugmu CiptuCig hwtlw12tiwfi til1tngntj: t1lif/wpwqwfi qwk,filiJWttf (Cil1. 7p) tlm2m hU1ml14Cibpfi mdhq L1ht1mpU1l1wCi riw2um1u [mfimgqntti hCi h Ciuumu.1 t1tt1m1IDquli11'i qpw: Upmw1111Lf mu hCi Cimh qmllLfihp, npnfigmO: oqu1wqnpo4.mti hfi oqj1 2u111d­ uwli mqm qptu u1li11wqp4.wa qmj1� mwppt,p' qnpolfwor., pmqp, gmfighp, 1ih­ mwqJ1 mw2hrtCihp, l1hpwti)1l1wl1wu tlm2f1 l1 lllJLCi: 011}1 tiwppmuu qwqwJ\lCi, qnLn112wJj1Ci l, tlmzm juwnfimJ1rtCitpj19 l1u111t1J1 t l1wmwphf h}1ulitlh1nlf uwpptlnrt fiJmphpj1 npn2 :J>J1qj1!1ml1wu 1.Jwu 12lnil1wl1wfi hwu1l1ri1pJmCifth11l1 t[pw: '1-pwfig pt[}1Ci hCi u1wml1wumti CiJmpbpl1 tuiuliumli (Ghp0Mu1ti), lUJI fiJmphp[1 hhtn t!l1tij}wl1wfi nl,wlJqJ1mJ'1 tihy timfihLnt, l11uunu1Jm1J1l1 WJptiU1fi l, UlJl hwml1mpJnttifihpff lt1wfitfwfi hwrnf/ntpJWO oqmwqnpMwO cJwuwliwl1 l1ppU1n4mti l,ti hl,11ml1 ltmti u1[1Ciri U.1mpt11, nIIDfiV, 2tl1tllitntl wriumm4tuo oqJ1 hhm, fipwlil1g l11lUCimti hu 4uu1uwl1m11 uwuCiJll1fihpp: 011ml.i ll{WpmCiwl1tlnrt 4CiwuU1l[wp <1wqhp!1 l, qntnr2!1titpJ1 hlmw�1uwfi hwuwp t1J1pwutlnrt UJmu oh!!' pfnpft, aatlpft bpf/opuJJIJ/1, IJbtfpw2pwafift l, UlJI wl1U1lul. fiJnttlbp!1 oqmwqnpomtifi t, npnfip nhml1g!1w1!1 ut2 bu tiu1Cimu t[CiU1uml1U1p fiJmphpJ1 uwuu{11.Jfibpj1 hbm' wnwsiwgubtml hl:i2m wliytumtlrui (fiuumri) CiJmphp: v:wwwlftm/1!/ wJptfwu uhpmm 4J1pwntfmti t Ju[mm pmfiwt{np fuwuumpq­ fihpp WJptiwG uJ1211yn4 4Ciwuwqbpah1Im: UJptiwG lllIID9liumti oqmmqnpo­ Lfmu lili t1wmU11J1qwu111putp' uuwmpu, fil1lJbt, u1aj1Go lt tuJtCi: lfwvpuwu lllPn­ ghu[! wt1ml1Lf�Ghtm CiUJWU1U1ltnlf' tuJptiwG qnml1 Mi timglimu Pllt\Wbl1li ltwti pfiwl1wli qtuq: ', /

3 ..Qbfl.01'50Hf

U'tu1111m luwG Rll l, qnpomutmpJU1Ci lnutiwp hl1tifitul1wfi G2wl.iwl1m pJmG mli!1 }l l,pump1mfi11, nJlG WUlU1 lm4mu t opqwfiI1qumu mtll11 mGbgnJJ N1q}m1n­ q\1wl1mti u1pnqlmtibp[1 linriuw1 flUPWYl,![l: Uw1111111 opqwfi[1qumti, :PJ1qJm1nqpwl1wG u1pnylmCibJ1!1 hl,ml,wCi1,1114, wli)lliqhwm wpu1w11pljmu t ')}hptinw1wfi 11IIDZtu4!1 pU1fiwl1, np'(! u111Lfmu I: 1p:>ml1u1 oJ1yu1tf wJ11[1G, pwGJ1 np opqU1Ci[1qur aquuuti t u1mhu1wliht [1p hlllummurntti s,hptiu1umJ11:iu1lip (36,6° C): 1,241uo u11mghup l1nL4mti t opqmCi[1qu[1 yliptiw4wpqU14nptiwCi UJJ1ngbu, n11J1 (iU(WUllllltti L hwpuwptlht ltll1tiWJWlJWCi llJWJUWfifibpJ1 npnzwt1� 41m.Jrn­ Jum PJ rulip: llwl1wJli, opqwli[1qul1 WJll mliwl1mpJ11tli[l uwhuwliwtj1wq t, npJ1 Uftuu1ciwnnlj 011liJ1hmpw�wuwt1wO 14tuptutihmphpf! ltwti utll1IIDltll1tiwJp u1w­ pwtlbmphpp (01111 9hptituumt16wlil!, hu1pwphpwl1wfi }unliw1.JmpJmlip, 2wpcJ­ uwu rnpmqmprmfip) lllhrnp t u1U1ht4tufit[Mi npn2wl1J1 pntJttumph!}l uwhuwti­ Cil:ipmu /30/: ..:m24}1 wnfihtntl zhlil)lipntu 9hnmguw u fill{wmwltmt 4U1nhl 11i:1}1 tit.a UJW­ hwli2u, fipm(ig Ulllfiwl1l1 uqmpJntli[l ti pwpop qplil!' wuhpmctt2tn t 6!12m [lliu1ph1 �lmmguw(i hU1timl1wpqf! L qpw 2whwqn11ouwfi hqwfirnltl!: 5wut1wywo hwtiwl1wpqp h[1tifiwl1wu mwpplipfi hli hmliriJmwlimti 2tp­ uwl1ppp, ylmmguwG uwppbp[l ti 2tpuwtjmJuwripJ1�Ghp'(! (mq}lfibp, Jun1J.ntfU1ltwzw J1hp): Qliumgtiwfi lnutiwqwpqbpf! ll1fimti h(i mt.11.wltw!i L lthfimpn!iwg4wi): Sllqwqwfi hwtlwf/wpqliJWttf 2tptiwqbuhnwumpl!, 2tpuwlj}1J1I!, 9hnm9J1,< uwppl! lt ih11tiw4mJuw11pt1lfihpJ! mbqwrw2Ju4mu hCi u{1LfimJfi hwpuwpwfipl1 til:i')}: l!JrJ hwtiwl1wpqJ1 hllltiwp, np111bu op)lfiwl1, qwpnq hfi i)wnwJbt ubfiJtu­ ltwJt1u 4wnwpwfifibpJ!, npnfigmti oqmwqnpi)4mti bu q1wJU1, wi)m}u, ruw­ ltwu ltrnu hhqml1 qwq, t1hltmpwtubpq!1w l, WJl mbuw1t}1 tlwulitwfiJmp: Pwgt1 tb[luwuwmw4wpwpn1u{19, 4wnwpwfifibp(i oqmwqnpm{OLti bli fiwt. mbjufin­ tnqpwl1wfi l.jwti l1tugwqwJt1u fill wU1wl1fihpntl 2m11 mwpwgfihtnt hwtiwp: l

tLhl1uq1wl1wti 2Lnmqm1.Hi mGJ1 hlm1l.tJU1l wnwtlhtntPJnttilil:ipJ!· qmpp 4wut11u1WL Gt1u1pm1.Hihp. lm11hul.jw11qhpjl U1tjumtlwuHugtlwCi hCiwpwtjnpmpJmCi, ll'1ql1hCi)1l1 linpu1uCili11)1 mu1whntjnui, 2t.nmg[1itil:ip)1 mwppl,11!1 14wpq hwtiwl1gm­ u11 (hU1p1.huptgmu11) 1)1limpJwli l1wnmgitwo pwJI1Ci uiwp11bpl1 hbm, gwi'Jp uli­ mw11 wuuupmpJmli11: tLliltmpwl1Uili �l,nmgnuHi )1pmqUICiwgqmu t. }UilI)nljmljwJ)1ti tthl1m 1 1w2h­ nmg 111 (il:ipl1, tthltm11w l1w tn11l1�bpwJ)1li mbqwl1mJWCit2lilipJ1, :i_>(ll.UJ[1Ci tibltmpw­ :i_>lonmgI1�Ci t,11)1, tt bl1mpml11uu)1filibpJ1, ttl:il1u1pwtjtunw11U1Ci filitl!i ujl2ngntl: UwltwJfi, lLl,l1mpmqtufi 2tmmguwCi LWJfi qJ1i1wmnun umhthufiwq1wtit1mu t t­ tllltmpwtfibpqJn.uJti pmGl1mpJwfi L uqmp­ JWU 14u1ml'iwnml: q.wqwJjlfi 2tnmgmuli Iipml1wu wg4m11 t hwmml1 qwqmqlitibpwumptih11r14, hbqrnl1 l1wu pwpop 6Ci1uwli UlUllt qmfiqnq qmqhpp UIJflUWUp: l..!.Ju qtmmnuI m zu1qpmpJmCi t qwpo­ l{mu wJptfwo qwqbp)1 hwmml1 maj1fit111n[ qmpu phpumCi t{pw, n1m1tuqj1 pw­ gwnt{l1 fipwfig tintUllll! 2)1CimpJw(] fibp'l,l(. 8. Pfituljlllfi 21'\?UIUIUllllJUIUq, !1fi qnu1'1Ci: Upmfig pt,pmpJmCifibpl1g b(i' t.111tJum1nqmlj 2u11111.gumu l(muqumlj­ ut.1mtJ., 2ptuJf1u 2t.mngtlmli 1.tmtlm­ 2tmmguwfi qmpp i)wt{ww, wuhwt{wuwp 2tnmgmtl[! mwpphp qnm}1fihpmu, gUJi'.t(l l(mpqJ1 uljqpmlipm,1j1fi ufulitlmli I. h(ing, 2. <u}mut11111 t1wfiq!i1111J., 3. 11!iqwp­ OQ.Q..(l, UlJjlt{UlORUbp UUlWUWLlll qmwu­ ci wl1umfi ptuy, 4. 1l1umn19tlwli Iu1111nq[! L. mwppbp tjfiwumqwp qwqbp}1 m 1t1ul1rn211111, 5. 4PIJ.liml1l1 l11u11qunln1ul1u(i mhwo hnmbpjl mwpwbmti[! ubfiJwl1nui: pmuuiw, 6. yhumgtlwli uu11111. 7. ht;mw11mpa 11 �mqnl{u1l11u2w11 f/'b(i1nJ111fiwljwfi hwtlwljwpqlipnuf 2tpuwqbCiliptumnJ11! (oppCimlf hfingl!) qmlitfmu t 2tmmg�rui zhuuJ:ig hlmm, lllJl zpCintpJwCi ub2, }mlt 2hplltul1I1rin 2b­ nmgl1:(il,11J1fi t l}1nJuU1Cigqmu 2tpuw4mJuwqp[1� funqnqwl1wzwptpn4: ltwJutfwb 2tpliU1llflJ1 mtuwlI11g · 2tm11guw(] l{tfimpnfiwgtl_wa hwllwl(tup­ qbp[I Jl1CinuI bG' 2J1WJ'1Ci, qntnp2wJJ1Ci, 2pwqnLnpzwJpfi l, oqntl_: LtuJli mwpwi'.tmti bu qmlit 2pwJl1fi 2tnmguwCi huuiwqwpqhp[!, npnfiu l1w­ ll f P l bu ll1fib( pfiwl{wfi ztl2UIU)U1ntJU1n4 (fiq. 8) lt wphhumwqwG w2wt4U1mJ­ mm.{ (fil1. 9): Q.nJDPlWJftfi. pbnntgtiwfi hwtiwljwpqliJ11! (Cil1. 10) [!UUl uljqpfi1ul1wfi 6GzuwG 1J1fimu tu· gwi'Jp 6Cizuwfi (P2 < 0,07 ulllw) h pwpop 6Cizuudi (P2 > 0,07 ulllw), [!UUl l1nfiqbfiuwmp hbmwqwpop' pfi11fiwlmu (ll1wlj hwtiwljwp­ qtp) t . uquwfi uinuu1hpp wnw2wgpwo lmup}l (pwg hwuwl1wpqbp), [!UU1 Jun36

wltw2wpli11l1 4 li11J1Ci h qnt{U1ltlillWJ1lipl1 qutuutq npmpJU lti· putdlilfi lit jun.qnt{ u: til,ppliti quiuwt{n11mp.1w

1,lj 9 U11.hliuu11114mli zp21uu1urntJUlllll tllnuJu1111uqmlj 2t.nmguruli ljwliqfi1uljlili1mq, 11111uJJ11i 2unn1guruli 1lmu1uljlU(lqJ1 ul(tum11ipmJJlfi ujuhuwli L 11t111,u11<i1ut1,iu1(i p1u11, 2, J, 4, 5. bwuwlljtumumtmuli1up11111· UJLlUtli, wqqu1li2w0lu_1t1fi, tl(uugtlmfi, 2t•)ltUli,unnip_1mfi f11m1mt1ul1flhp. 6.1lwmmgtl1uCi pwpii116fi21lm(i '1m11mJwt1w2wp, 7. m11uhm�m1,1l\'.· 8. y!,m1191J: 11111prt,11. 9. hmuh111 pu1Ciwl11, l 0. hlnmuqu1pa ti gwl)p 6Cizuw!i ):un11nt1tut1mzutfl. l I. uOm9nq u111ou1 . 12. ljwpuw <l-nfllP2WJ!lti yhumguw(i hwuwl{mpqbpntu 2bp1iwl{pJ1 ptupop tlipUlUUUlll· nwfiJ1 (100° C'-119 pwpop) hbmLwCipmJ z112wt1w ut12wtlwJpu wqmnuit[mu t 4mzntl h qwqlipnq. )1u�n1hu liwh wnqu1 t uwJU1l1wCig unm UIJptfmi'Jvfitpti w­ nwywguwti huwptut[npntpJmfi{!: l!.JQ 14wml'iwnnq WJU ttuJCi 4l1pwnmpJntfi �11 qmumu: 5lplUJ}tG L qn1np2w.1!1(i hwuwltwpqhpmu tiho t{mmfiq bu (ibpl1wJWgumu qn tnJ12U1J{1fi l, 2pmmm1imgmgI1t ltwvuwCibpn. npnfig t.lPwpfibp}1 ltwu U)WJP­ uw( i 14wmnw1m4 wnw2wumu tfi 1m11t hlm1L.wfi12fitp: ltwpuwfibp[! ltlllfll111 tu iqmJpht, bph pwp<.\pwgbt t qnlJlpzm 2b11uwum}16wfi[l h nfi2mup, Iml1 qp wup· 6uzw:wtl1I1, wu1wlmtltit hwpuwpwGpubpJ1, 211P tiwlj1UPI\Wl1'1 gmgI1�l1 mfiuU1f1pntpJmClCibp!1 htmhwfip bfi: 'HwJllJmfip l1wru111 t wuw511Ufiwt fiwli. l1wpmuJl1 uiwmbpp Cibpvl1Ci uw­ l{bpl.m1p)1Ci wnw2wgwO l'iwpbpli. 1trumqJ1wJp, t4wu1bpp qpw bqwb Ciuu11J.wop­ fibp}1, zJ1l1wgwo qwpuwJmu utun[l 2P'1 wtllitmguwu, zwhwqnpollil wfi6uw­ l1mqup l1rutuJ1g pmJt hul{nqmpJwfi, uJumt unfimwd'uw!i l1wu zwhwqnpouwfi hhU1hw upn tj:

•

ufuMtuG

J. qntnpJm hling, 2. lflJI qn[llfl,>lll uuupmJl1 ypmgmg!1l mu11ulu1. 3. WUJ111hmU11 mupp. 4. qn1n11Jlll pwchuli1u1nu11 !w111114ml11u;m11. 5. pwuwt11. 6. 2tmn1gl1l uw1111, 7. huqdw(j pmurntlJ, 8. �n11 qnu­ t]Mluwu1I1 fnn11m[mq. 9. 011Jl ptug pm111mfi jum1m[wq, LO. b1m1wp&J.l tun11ntjmqwz1up, I I. hwom­ ljwpq)1 um1gmgt1; u(imguwu J1mqmtwq V.JIJ. urmmownml l1wpuwGbp}l 2mhwqnponu1n luuGaG wp wp4.nui t :.wtflw­ hum WJfi wfiawfig, mf.gbp wGgb1 hfi hwuwurrumwuJ.uwG mumgnui, Ljbpw­ urwmpummnui, UimbumtU4.npnu1, mGbCi Guw(i w2J.u wunuGpfitp 4wu1wpt1m pmnmtlmpJmG h wfigliL tG h wuwurwmwuiuwCi hpwh wGqwl{npmu: 3mpw­ pwfizJmp mwpl1 l1wpuwfihp11 urtmp t wGgCibCi mbJ.uGp4ru4wG qfiumu, fmlt Jmpwl}wfi�mp 4.b y mwpl1G Ll'blt wfiqwu lllbu11bnmbJ.ut.{bpwhul1ng_mp1wG ltrni ­ u)1g u1bmp l. qmpowpl14.hfi l, Gnp pmJlWU lpl{hG 2whwqnpW wG:...J O!JWJftli tlmntgt1wfi qbt4pmu hGwpwl{npmpJmG t umbIJ.Oif.nni zb!.ipp lib11u11 mwpwyGbt qput1' fiw iurnutlm mwpwgt.{tUa oqp Gbpuqmunl{' up wdUtliw­ Ci wl1 f1pw4wfiwgGb1ml oqw if.mJ.umpJmCi:�pu1bu 2tpuwqbGbpwu mp t1uµibtJ1 t oqm wqnpabl t1bl1mp wl1wG, qw qru1pG l{wnUtpwuGbp11, mwp 2mp[!: '_:l-pu}1' GwJ.uwu1bu qmlj_w a oq11, oqruuIJ.111.!1 oqGmpJ wdp wGg l lttU94mu s,bpuwqhGt.­ pummpp up�mgml. (hn4wgmyzl1 h w4w11wl1 qnparnimpJntCil!), w1Gmhbu11t ltm11.mltUltGbpf1 t1mu utWU1bpn1u wnl1w wfigptpp ut12ngnif. lUJU uqqmu t 2tupp fit.pup: opp o_qp uqif.mu t uJ1G.1.h 3 u ptUpopmpJwfi if.ptu, Gpw 2tpuwurn(l6'mG11 llllhUlp t qhpwqw £igl1 45° C-1! {ulll[lll4lllfig unm WJpqwapGtp ltwu mhwo qqwgumfipfibp iwn ws,wgfibtm uurwmwltntl), Jlult 3 u-(lg pw pop $.1.htm qhll{pmu oqJ1 2tpuwum(lowfip t1w pbtlt t h wugfiht uftGzh 75° C-!1J UGltwJ.u ali!. 19, s,tnmguw (i h wuwl1wpqftG GhpltWJWgt{mu tu hbUlltJWl uttuhwG2fibpp.

w) Uwfilm1 wpwh!1qj1hCi!14 u1wh w!.i:,1Gbpn!{ u wJ.uw mbuqnul � zbtig)1 ubp­ jhpuwum�16'wG: Pwg!1 tuJl1, u mu umbqi'lhl GnpuwGhp!1fi hwuwu11um wufu wG umhqi'lhh orili wligtuuq1utl1 t �urhmp tibpumu :,)t,nrnguuiu hwutultmpqp 1hupf1 . l1tUqll� t.{mtlmlumpJmu .. qwqwJl1Ci oqf1 21wwuiuintJU1, w qtln tlt, if.mzl1, hnmli11, p) CfiGmp1upml1mG-untimwdwJJ1u 14wh w u2Gbpn4 titufuwu�but.{�111_ bG pwqti wpJitl. fu tiqf1pubp. npntig)1g l1wpl1npw qmJGCi bu h wfiqfmwumu 2Mvl1 owiimwptuuthmw t1wu ot.wt.l npt1 w(i wupnq2wl1wGmpJwfi u1t11hu1wGmuf!, 11nli rnwdWJllCi w2 {mu111tuGpul,11l1 hwuunqw unuuJ.uwubgmu[! ut,11hGlllJW9UwCi dwt'.iwtiwt1wlJl1g uwt1w p_qwl1!1Ci: q) Cwhwqnpuu1uG u1whwu2tihpp at,pwnmu liG :,,hnmguwu hwuwl1wpqhPl1 hmuwt]1 wzJ.uw m wG12tih11n t. Gpwug uu1wuwp4uwCi utrnpqmpJmliu: q) Sfimbuw t1wa u11uhwG2(ilipG 11uqqpt1mu bG funu.ip hwpghp l1w u1if.w et hJ11.lfiwtiwG fitpIJpnnlfibpJ1 h 2mhwqnpowl1w u o wJ.uuhpl1 hbm: l!.Ju l1wu wJCi huiumtiwpql1 11GmpmpJmtiu u1m1uwfiw!{np4mu t fipw mfiu1tuml1wti WpIJJm­ Gunj L,urntpJUJUp: l�lllfll1 pLjrupl1wc)lih1111, 9lHm19utuli h1uuwl1rupql1 uuup�1lipp u1l,mp 1.1'.unilu­ uimm wujuwCihu zLuvJ1 fih11nl1fi hmpqw111Iw li[!, qpw if.bG huwpm4npl1Ci �m4.1 qmpp m wpwap, mGl,GwG qpw4I1� mhup, qbqbg)14 ol,U14n1uuu l, hw 6t.!l1 qmJG:

Hpt4huql1 11utUGru1 2bnmyumCi hwLl'illp wGhpw dh2m ;ibpumrJwG p wu w ­ tm, tulihpwdhzm t Iuu21U1 wnliht mmpphp w qpJmpfitpl1g zpGmpJmti umurni yhpumrlJwu wupnri2 l)UJCirnltJ! I:Q0 I, ib11umpJw!.i pn1np l1npntumuh11ri mwp­ pbp maj1Gtpn!{, wJuI1GpG' mtibGw1 um wCiol1G ubCi1rut1utpI1 11 wupmw 2bGpJ1 2hpuw 1!1G rw1wGuu: lfmCinrJ yhpumpJ w!l uwGwltp ti 2hpumi,Jtufi pn1n11 qnpntumGbpl1 u1 wppb­ fllllpJmCip lJt11uJ1 2hpt1mp3w!.i wGhpwdt2m 1iw u wlJt1 2hnmgmuG l1pwqn11oh1m h�1ltup: · <uiuwngfilipftg l.i. tzliljmpw1wpdk_filipftg wG2 wmtlrni s,tpumpJwCi pw­ Gwl1u runm 2wGmu t t1t.t1mpw4wG hnmuGpp 2bpuw1I1ut1 if.hpw4mfu4ht]m, np11 hw24wpl14mu t hbmhJWl ptUuw6ltnq. np mhri'

{25) Q = 860 · N · n1 • n2 · ll3 · Iii, Q - s,tpumm wG pwCiwltG t, ubti druumu· 452/d wu, N uwppw qnpuw fi hqnpntpJmfiG t, lttlm, n 1 - hqnpntpJ wfi oqmtUqnpauwG qnpawt1J1gG t {n, == 0.7 + 0,9),

112 - awGpwphnGtjuu)11qlJWU q11pawl1J1gG t (hq11pmp_1 wG oqmw­ l q11p0t1wG t )1ypG 2wtl1J1, hw11wphpmpJmGG t wnwtJhL wGhpw­ dt2m � w4.1)1G), 113 - 2wpd)12GhpJ1 w2]uwmwGpJ1 uJ1wdwtlwGwl1mpJwG q11pawl1)1gG t (113 = 0,5 + 1), n.. -- q11powl1J1g t, 11[11! gmJg t mwum, ph aw]uu4.wa tLl,l1m11w­ l.(ihpq)1wJJ1 11p tiwuG t 4.hpwtlmlu4.mtl 2tptlwJ)1G tGhpqJnuJ)1 (114 = 0,1 + 0,0 1 ), 860-[l t1hl1mpwtGbpqJ1wJJ1 ybJ1lltuJJ1G llttJJ1tjw1bGmG t, tUJuJ1G11u· I lttJm t1hl1mpwl:GbpqJ1wJJ1 awJuuJ1G hu1um111wmwuJuwGmtl t 860 ltltwl 2tpumpJmG: Upw111IJJ1w!Jwu t/WJ1wpwuubpftg w!i51wmtjnq 2hp1im1�JwG JJwuwlm hw2tjwpl1tl11ni t hhu1hJWl l1bpu1. w) l lm2m, hbTJntlJ h qwqwJJ1G 4.wnb11uGJnqm4. ui2]uwuuu1 tjwnwpwGGbpJ1 hwt wp. r

Q=B·Q H ·a·n. lj .

(26)

Q = 860 · N ·a· nil'

(27 )

p) J :1tl1m11wl1wG 4.wnwpwGGbp)1 hwuwp. npmtTJ·

Q -- wu2wm4.nq !fbptimpJwG pw!iwltti t, l1Q/dwtl, B - 4.umhLWUJmp):1 aw]uu[l, l1q/d1uu,

Q

. H p -

tjwnht wtiJmpJ1 2tptiwm4.mpJmGG t, l1Qll1q (hwtlhttlwa 3),

N - 4.wnwpwGJ1 hq11pntJlJntGG I., I1tjm, a - 2tu1m1t1 wu2wm4.nq 2tpumpJwG pwuwl1G I:, 11[11! ttlilJmpwtjw­ nwpwGGhpJ1 hwtiwp hw4.wuwp t· L = 70%, Jml t UJntU mhuw­ l l1J1 4.u111wp1uGGhpJ1 hwt w11· L = 40-60%, 11p[! pwuw6!tmtl mli­ TJ Wllfltlmti t ti1Uubpn4.' 0,7; 0,4; 0,6, n� - tlJ1wdwtiwGwlt w2]uwmnq 4.wnwpwGGbpJ1 pwGwltG t: bpb 4.wnw11wGtibpj1 tlbpp(i tiwumti mhqwqp4.wc) t lmtl hwp, w1111u (26) h (27) pwtiwo!tbpnttl tlt.11g4.mti t wpmwqp4.wa wtip11q2 2tptimpJwG 30%-tr fJ-wppungw1/1u hungubpftg wG2wm4.nq 2tptimpJwG pwGwlt[l hw24.wpl1tlmti t hbmhJWt ltbflUJ.. Q = B-Q� ·q>, 11pmbq'

(28)

q> - �11pawltJ1g t, 11fl[l hw2tl}1 t wnGmti 2tupJ1 Ghpumti tiGwgnq 2tpumpJwG I!lllGllllll! (q>= 0.2 + 0,3 ): '

pbJJftg, oIJwwwpbpjJg, uwu!Jngubpftg 2bptfw,jmJuwuguwu JumlntfwiJw2w l i 11wGwlt[1 lnu24.mti bu hhu1hJWt pUImpJwt 2hpt tlm1 1,. Juu/hwp6bp/1g wG2wm G 1uo t.114. (29) 2t,ptiw4.mJuwtigtlwG qnpowl1J1gCi I:, l1Q/ti ·ct·°C l!CirµnCitlmu t hwtlb14.wa 4-j1g, F - hU1ptitupwCipl1 tiwl1bphmwl1 tiwl1hpbuCi I:, ti , 1,il,.- 2hptlmumJ16wCiCi t hwpuwpwGpJ1 Cibpumti, c, 16 � pmJ1wmpb1J1 2hptlwumJ16wCiCi t uhGJwltl1 tihpumu, c ([1CiU1p4.mtl l tuq. l-[1�1): mti t Su1p ypJ1 tiwl1l,pLmJpJlg wCi2wm4.nq 2hptlmpJWCi pwCiwltl! npn2tl hhmhJWJ pwtimol,114. (30) Q = (4,9 + 3,5v} (t r - t,,�). F�, l t /4.pl1, 111m1bTJ . v -ti O TJ JI 2wpdtiwCi wpwqmpJmGG t ypJ1 tiw4hpltlltJpJ1 tjpw, t� - 211)1 2bptiwum)16wCiCi t,°C, 1 011 011)1 yhptlwumj16wCiCi t 2htipJ1 Gbpumti, F2- 211!1 tlwl1hplt1UJPJ1 tlwl1bpliuG l, t.1 : Uphbumwljwu 1muwtfnpntpJwu uwppbp/1g wCi2wmtlrn1 2tptlmpJwu 11w­ Gwl1l1 ubompJntlil! tnJ1CiJ1. (3 1 ) ,Q=860·N·11.

11pmh11·

K -

11pmb1f

N

1muutuum1}1 hq11pmpJmGCi t, lttJm, q11pa1UltJ1gG I. 11 ltbl1mpwlCibpqpwJJ1 2t11tlwJ]1Ci 4.hpwtlm]utiwCi (11 = 0,95): Uwn1mz lfbwWIJubpftg, u1n1pbp/1g I.,. wpWWIJJ1WUpftg wCi2wmtl11Il 2tptimp­ JLUCi pwCiwl11!Q =G.D.

11pmtTJ ·

(c l . tulj - t )+ c 2 . (t lj

hWL

- C J . t, i},

(3 2)

G - uwu21lll tibmwq):1 (CiJmpJ1) qwCiqtjwaCi t, l1q D - q11pawl1)1g t, 11p[! hw2tl}1 t wnCimti 2tptimpJwCi wCi21UmtiwCi I1CimbCiuJ14.mpJntCi1!' ltw]uqwa dwtiwCiwltl1g (wnw2}1Ci chutiqw [1Gpwggmu· D = 0,5, hpltpn[ lll ctwtiqw [!Cipwgpmti' D = 0, 3 , hppn[ lI} ctwtitltu [!Gpwggmti' D = 0,2): 10 4 � tlbuuu11!1 (CiJml}lt) ul1qpGwltwCi 2hptiwumJ16wCiG t, C,

°

t� - UJmi:ljl 4tp2uwl1wu 2bpuwuml16wuu t, 0c (4tpg4mu t htu4tu­ uwp ubGJtultl1 2bpuwumJ16wuJ1u), thw1 - UJmpJ1 htutUtuU 2bpotuumt16w(i(i t, c' C,- UJmpj1 mhutuljtuptup 2tpOtull.ltupntuwl1mpJmCi(i t hbqml1 4.p6tul1mu, ljQ/ljq0c, C2 - CiJmpJ1 0!12J1u s,bpomCiwl1mpJmuu t o°C-l1g 0J1Ci�h thtul' l15Ul1q0c, C3 - CimJG[l 0°c-119 o�u�l i 1�: .(hnwg4.nq qwqhp!1g wu2wm4.1111 2hpompJtuU uwumlJ[l. npmbq'

Q = G · C(t 1 -t 2 }

(33)

Q - 2bCiQ omu1111 qtuqhpJ1 nwuwl1Ci t, ljq/ct, C == 0 ,25 l1.2/l1q· C -- tuJP41111 UJmphpJ1 mhuwt1wpmp 2hpomuw­ l1mp.1mCi(i I:, t, - qtuqh11J1 2h11otuumt16w(i(i t, 0c, 12 - hbnwg4.1111 qwqbp\1 2bpowuml16wuu I:, 0c ((!uqmu4.mo t hw4.wuwp ubGJtuljl1 s>bpotuump6wut1u): f.J:bfiIJwfiftfibppg wli2wm4.1111 2hpompJtuu uwuwlm. °

Q=q·G·m,

npmbq'

3.3 . .2hPlffiHir3l!.1, GUiuUC UPSU:'l-Plllill1, Ch1,£fir-lf

QhpompJtuCi otuJuU(! ptuqljtugtuo t �npu tuntuCiol1Ci ptuIJ.tuqpl1�Cibpl1g.

= Qi + Q 2 + Q 3 + Q�;

ljQ/ctwo:

tu) QbpompJtuU otuluU(! lll[1UltuQl1Ci ll.ltuUlbppg, Wl1lUUU1tuIJ.l1g h htuUllU­ l }pg, npn24.mu t.

2tuu\1 mbuwl1wpwp 2bpotuJl1Ci pCimptuql1pli t, np[l qnpowpwu­ Cihpl1 li w1tl1humtuCingCihpl1 htuotup hwqtuutup t 0 ,55+0, 66 , ll.ltuhhumCibp\1 hwotup' 0 ,64 + 0, 74, 4.tup�wl1wCi 2tCiQhpl1 htu­ owp' 0 ,45 +0 , 60 ljQ/ o3·cl0·C, V,1 - - 2bCiu!1 tupmwul1Ci otutlwtCi t, o , p) Qh11ompJwCi owJuul! oqw4mlumpJu1li hbmhwCiuml 2tCiu omwo uwnt! oqJ1 mwnwgotuli htuotup npn24.mo t. Q =q ·V · K �(t -tJ (36)

np uili1f q 1

-

.,

G

G

I o 3 oq[1 I °C-ntl mwpwgCittm htuotup tuCihpwctb2m 2tpomp­ JtuCi pwCiwl1Ci t, n11[1 mpmwqptu\ituCi 2hCiQtpl1 hwowp' 0,77+ 1,30 , 04.wp�wl1wCi 2t1umpJmCiubpl1 hwowp' 0 , 57+ 0,77 , l1hCig U11llUJJ1(i 211CintpJntCiUhl1Jl hWOlll[l 0,26-0,3(i,74Q/u ·U· O(' J:; K - oqw4.rn\umpJtuU pmqowu1wmJ1l1mpJtuCi qnpowl1\1gu L: owJuu[1 Citpu ptp41111 otpbCiwCitpt1 m CiJmpbpJ1 mwpwgQhptlmpJmCi q) owli htuotup n1m24.mo t. npmbq'

q2

-

O

(34)

G - obl1 ljbuqwum ti21mu t, ljq, m - ljbCiqwuj1uhpJ1 pl14Ci t, qtmlu (ph), q - ljbuquium l1hfiqtuGl1 Qtu2l1 JntptuQtuti�Jmp ljJ11nqptuoJ1g wu2wu14.nq 2hpompJtuU JJtuCitulJCi t ohl1 cltuomo, l1Qll1q (lun2np bq2bptu4.np tuCituumCiCibpl1 htuotup q-Ci htuqwutup t 90-1 70, otuCip h112hpw4.np tulituumCiCihpl1 htuUtup' 90-1 60, JunqbpJ1 htu­ otup' 1 7-20 , pn�m(i(ibpl1 htuotup' 6-7 ,5 l}Qfltq):

IQ�

(35)

Q =R"-G"·(tG -t.r) ' .., 8 't

(37)

R. - ubuhCiwCitpl1 m GJmptpl1 qwCiq4.tuotuJl1Ci 2bpomliwl1mp­ JmCiCi L ljQ/l1q· C (otmwqCihpl1 hwowp lJtuJlbIB L [lUqmCibt 0 ,4 ljQ/ljq· C), G. - Cihpu php4.1111 obubCiwCibpl1 m CiJmphpp qtuCiqqwoCi t, l1q, t. - Cih11u pbpqnq obubCituCibpl1 Ill CiJmpbp\1 2hpotuumt16w(i(i t (oh­ vhCituCibpll l, obmwqCibp� hwowp [1CiqmCi4.mo t hwqwuwp qpu� 2tpowuml16wCi�Ci, unpntCi CiJmphpp htuotup qpul1 2tp­ owumt16wCi}1g 20 C-ntl tutlhIB, lmti n� unpntCi CiJntphp� htu­ owp' l 0 C-ntl tutlhw), 1 - mwuwgowCi ctwowCiwljwot12ngCi t, clwo: q) ShJuCintnql1tuljtuCi Cill.ltullltul1Cibpn4. ljtuUllUJ14.lll1 s,bpumpJtuCi otuJuU[l n­ pn2 4.nu.l I: UltuQ 21111 owJuunq.

npmbq·

°

°

°

°

Qr [·

0� = 4,4.

P� ·izJ -wo ·

(38)

npmhrf Qy 2Pfi 4mti qntn112m bwfuufi t, t1q/ct, i1- :wl1 t1wu qn1np2m 9bpu1.4wpntfiu1l1mpJntfifi l, l1.2/l1q , )2 hung 4liptupw11onq 21111 :,it11u1.4wpntfiU1l(ntpJmtifi t, lt.2/1.tq, i 1 t. i2 tupdtpfihpp l1wpbl11 t l!fimpbt qpwl1wfimpJwfi /l 7/ hw4ht4w­ bfi 3-pll lUI\JnlUtuql1g, �hung ttt;pw11wp6ll.Ij 2PP (qn1np2m) !lU1fiwl1fi t' umfill.Ij 21111 hw­ pP tiMwu1mp.1wup, % (211!1 u1I11I t}bpw11wpali qhummu' I\== 70%): 3.4. QbO.nt·BITT.11, .:.l'.UUl1l'.Pq.J. SUPPbPfl {l'.CtlUPl1Q

w) f.rwpuwJft pliplfw1}1li hqDJ1DtpJntli[l. Jlfi�1.4hu mbuwfip qbpl111tti, 2t.fipl1 9lmmgmu11 wu1whn4litm Ciu1mmwqnq wCihpwcth,m t u1wlnqwfibt 2bfipl1 2t11tiw.1J1fi ptuttufiup, tUJUlliipfi' (39) npmbq'

1:Q" - pntnp wqpJmpfihpl1g 2hfip timfinq 9hptimpJwfi pwllwqfihpl1 qmuwpfi t, :EQ� - mwppbfl mq}1Cihpmj ;,bfip}lg hbnwg41111 9bptimp1wfi 4n­ pntumfihpCi hfi: Qum 9lipumpJwfi pwtwfiup' npn,mu bfip hfingl1 9lipumJj1fi hqnpnt)}Jntfi{! (l1qm). (40)

npmlnf 1<...i=I ,l+l,15 1.4w;,w11!1 qnpow1.tJ1gfi t: p) .51/inntgfJJ/i/ipjJ pt/ft DJlD,!DlU{l: .2pl1 pfiw4wCi ;,pyUllljUlntJUlp mb11}1 t mfibfinui mwp lt uwnp 9pbpl1 tummpJmCitibpl1 mwppbpntpJwfi hlm1l1U1Cipntt: b'f'lh pfirµufihfip, n11 2mpp uwnn·u.r t tipwJfi 2hnmguwCi uwpehpmu, WU{W ZPi'WlljIDntJU1l1 6Ci2mun, nptqbu b pwp6pnqlJWUJ! hpltm h}lqpi1umwu1!1lt dCi;,muCibpj1 mwppbpntpJmCi, lJtpCijl. P=g•h·pu -g•h•pu, =g•h•(pu -p,J, (41) npmhq

�4

g=9,3Iu/t.{plt 2 •wqwm wCil1uwu wpwqwgmuu t. h 2tnmg'1� uwppI1 lt t1wpuwJj1 4tfimpnCilibpl1 pwpapntfJntCilitpJ.l UlUlpph pntpJntCili t, u,

Pu l, Pu, UUlll[I l1 UllUJ;> ':?P'1 jummpJmCifit11fi tfi, l1q/u : vuwCi hw1itul1u1pqh1mui wubCituhlmm 2tmmg!12l1 htmwtfn11mp.1mup 211w­ mwutu�Jntgli: 11 uipumJj1g tqlimv t I11CiJ1 lil1Ci�L 30 u, Imlt wutCiwCih[1pj1Ci tl:mmgl1iJ1 pwp6pmrJntfi{l l1wpuwJjlg' 3 ti: _0 . 2tnmgl1�J1 ummpmu qwqunuI t 90-9,:, C, .2t.puwtip!1 b1pJ1) th[1Utuumt16wCi(l ° Jiult t.wmu {qmpu qtu1{1U) 65-70 C: l.ihtimpnuwg4wo 2hnm guwG hu1u w4wpqhpn1 u uhCiJwl1Cil,p{! u1 tllIJtug ttnui t,(i u1w[1pllp 9hmngJ1.:Cih1mtf. w) 2111u.1j1u 2tmmg!1l-uwp11hpJ1 oqmmqn11Mwr1 dwuwCiwli ulil1 uwpml1ngJ1 ut.2 hwt.{wul{mu Mi npn2wl1l1 ptfnl{ ubligjuuCih[l \, 11pmti1� u1bqwt1wJ4mu bu uiwuihpft unm ( tnuml1wu1tu' tmuwummutpj1 mwl1, hwmwl1J1g 8-30 mI pw110.pntpJwCi qpw): .S2lillmg)1J uliqgJ.l1ulilipJ1 ppt.{[1 npnzhtm Ciu1wmwt1ntl bw,4mu hfi 9lmmgll.Ij uwpRhpj1 wCihpwcl h2m u wl1h11lm[1.

Q F = r,u, K (�'" +tu !'

-t) '

(42)

ij

2 0 npmt1f � jbumgl1� uwpph11!1 2tpuwm4.ml)JWCi qnpow4pgCi t. l1.2fti ·ct ·C, {hwlJlill{tui'J 7) t... 2tmmg}1� uu1Cinq u1wp 2pl1 2tpuwum}1dwfifi t, (hw6wfuwl1l1 ° J:1fii µuCi4mu t: t ...= 95 C), t 0 - 9lmm9jl.-J1g 11mpu liltnq 21111 2tpuummjH'iwCiCi !} C (pCiqmuttmu l' l u=70 ° C): .'illmrng}1� uhl19jm1fillpj1 p}14p npn24 mu t hbu1uJWL pwfiw6l1114..

F n u = _.!!.. f '

(43)

npml,rf f. tiblt ubl1gf1wJJ1 'J)bnmgnq uwt1hphufi t (hwtlhltlwb 7): l!.Jfimhhu1h, lJwlmJw(} uhfiJwl1!1 � 1ui.J.ihpMJ t. l1whwtlnpntl')Jntfipg, {!fimpnui hfi utl1 2tnmgI1l uwpl}mu uhl19t1wfibpj1 p).ltlp, npnzmu uwpm4ngfihp)1 pwCiw­ ll[I lt 11pwfip mhqwpw,tumu hCi ubfiJwl1mu' mll{wlmtlhtntl pw;,}uuwCi hwqw­ uwpwzwtlmtl:'}JntU{!: p) 4wpp uwl1tplu1tn,:mt{ 9lmmg�l furu1ntlmltfihpl1 oqmwqn[l(}tiwfi dwtirnCiwl1 hw2tln10 hCi turuLnttwlJ.11 tpl1w pntpJntU{!,

L= n11mhrf

1t ·

Q

d · K lu .f,'Y-.(t Ju - t l

)'

d - }unqnt{tulj{1 mptutituq)lM t, u,

(44)

K",- Junqnt{tul1}1 2tptitumt{mpJtufi qn11atulJJ1gfi t, lj.2/u2 • ct· 0c (htu­ tlhLtltuo 7), 0, 5 -H, O qn11atulll1g t, npQ lnuztll1 t wnfimu }un11mtwl1l1 uih­ <p qwqjllllpJmfi[! l1tuti fipw hhntut{npmpJmfiu tqwmhpl19. hwmtu­ l1l1g h Ul11WUUllllajlg, lru Junqnt{tul1fl titultbp.hmJp):t 2tpuutum!16'mfifi t, npl! ljhpgt[mti t hwljutuwp mwp 2rI1 2tpuwum)1Ciwfil1fi, 0c: q_nLnpzjmlj lt orintl 2tmmgthufi hutuutl1wpqhpl1 um1pphpf1 hwzljwpl1fl hwuwp }unpJ1mPT} l: mpl[mu oqu1tlht [ 17J qp.wl1wfimpJmfi)1g:

4. UH·UU'-l0fl0Ncr3f11'1,

l!pmutqptulpufi ljwnmJgfihpfi pwqtuptup. LlllUtul[np.mpJmfifi mfi):t lttuphnp mfimbmuqwfi CiztuCitultmpJmfi, ptufi)l np 1m1ufi wqqmu t tlWPT}Ilt opqwfij1q­ umu [lfipwgnq �I1qlm1nql1wqwfi 1t1Pngtufihp)1 tlPtu: 4.WUI 1muml[npmpJntfi[! 6:fizmu t liwPT}mfi, wqqmu fipw fiJwp.qtuJl•fi hwtiwljwpqf1 qptu, hutfiqtgfimu mzwqpntJJJtufi pnttwguwfi, hnqCiwampJwCi lt wzJuwmmfitultmpJtuCi wat1tfmfi: l!.J'l u1wm61Ullll4, umhuwCil[wo hfi Lntuwt{n)lntpJwfi ou1mjluw1 finptiutfihp l 2,9,28 l, ltutJuqwo w2Juwm1Ufip(1 op1hltmfibpf1 1wq1hpl1g lt opJhltmt1· :Pnfif1 filtutmtiwup mfihgwa htul1wqj111tpJmfil1g (l1nfimpwumI1g): Lmulllt{nJ1ntPJtufi l1wqti1UlJ.lipt4tiwfi hwtiwp wfihpllldbzm t lljuthupufiht hhu1l.JWL llJWhlllfi2fihJ11!· I. 1muwtJ.nrmtpJntfil! utbmp t UlllJU1hnq[1 mutp.pbp wnwpljwfibp[1 uumtJq lt 111mp[1G [!filttutntli[!, 2. 1muutl[n1m1pJntfi[! uf12tutlwJpnttI lljbmp t tpCif1 hw4.wulllptu1wq1, 3. 11l1mwpljl[nq tul1WJ1ltlllJP h :pnCi(1 tip2t. uthmp t tpCil1 npn2wljp hwljwq­ pntJ)JJUU (qnfiU1J1lllUUI), 4. tmJull w11pJnl[1I! 1 uthU1I;l t l1mpwgfil1 uwp.qmfi, 5. tmuuttJ.nJmtpJtufi uwljwpqwlm zu1tm11 t 1pnq1n]uqf1 dwuwCiwlj(l [!Cipwg­ umu: Ulio GzwCiwl1m}}Jmu mfip zhCipl1 fitiJ1u[1 u1wu1hpf1 h wnwuu1utrtJi, J1fitllJhu fiutl, uutppwl[nJ1nttffihp.J1 ahwt{njllltllu m qmJfif!: OmmtifiwuJ1pnl))JmuCihp\! gmJg bfi mqbt, n)l tiwprµu mhunqwl1wu 1Uuwu1qwumpfihpJ1 4J1W hllllibtl• wqqbgmpJntfi t.Cl pnqCimu pwg qmJfihp!!' hpqfiw­ qmJfiu. pwg t11ullJntJU1I!, pwg ljwCilllrn, qb.qfiwqmfil!, ppnfiqwqn1Jfil! h ljwut­ mpfi u1t[nq uu1f1mwlll!: f.ulj umq h qwn qmJfihpf! wnw2wgfin1u hfi mhwn qqwgmtifitp l, qpqnl[wamp1mfi: uzqwa pn1nJ1 lljtuhwfi2fih111! nzmtJ.wo h blllumwmqwo bu nz upwJfi mh­ uwqwCinJ1hCi, wnh qnpaCiwltwfin)lhfi: ..:.tmhwpwp, pn1nJ1 qbUJPhpntti, imuw­ tlnp. t{wbmf)Jntfi{! lljbUlp t llllljWhntll1 uwupmwplllltwu Gnptituubpp lljlllhwu2(it;p[!: CbfipbflJl uw}uwqaiiwfi, 2�Citupwpntl)JWU h zwhwqnpouwu [lfipwgpmu

u1tmn l hw2t1J1 wntiht pntnp qnpbnfiCihp[!, npntip l1w1mq hu wq11ht tmuwqnp4wbmpJwti 4pw:

Ubq lJ12WUJWUllll} uuupwb'ntpJntCinui uzmwu1hu w nl1w t 0Ujmpl1wl1wfi 6wnwqw JpCihp!1 qwzm(!. pwfi(1 np pntllfl uwpuhfiGhpl!, n11nGg 2tpuwumJ1tiU1° 6[! pwpap t pwgw powl1 qpnJl1g (-273 C), wfi{!Ciqhwm pputp hfi 1.tmtuwGgmu tfibpq{1w' 61.UnwqwJpmumf: tLhl{mpU11.fo1qCijmwl1wG 6umwq1.UJpliwfi pfiqluufim11 uu1tl1umpJ1 qnumtu IO+340000 Ciu (uhl1 GnCintibmp(! hwt[wuwp t I o- u) t11t1wpntpJwup w t11pCili­ fll1 mppmJPt! ltnit[mu t uu1M1ump(1 ou1ml1l{wl1wG 2flj)WG: l:Ju mbpntJPt:! pw­ dwG4mu l m1mpwuwCimzwl1wqmJCi (10+380 Gu), mt.uI1l}wl1wG (380+ 770 Ciu) L J1G:\)pwl{wpuJ1p (770+340000 uu) qwzmtp.J1: Stmru1 w t1 wfi qwzml1 (uw­ Cimzw l{wqmJCi}19 ut1fi�l, l1wpli!1p) u}121.ul1wmmu ( w l}Jmuwl1 5) 6wnwqwJpw1l1G lfibpq!1wG, l1tulu4 wo wL[111f1 bp !1wpn1p1mfi�g, puq(imu l unupphp wqqh­ gmpJmG: OUJml1ltwqwfi 6wmuqwJ1�1.hu(i tCibpqpwCi, pfi1U1liu tfihpq}1wJ}1 UJntU mhuwt1Ghpf1, ,;.wt[ntnui I. &nm1Glipntl: Uwl{wJG, qn11ouwl1w!imtS UJWhtuCij!tj_nui t IniwCiwt Di ph nwnwqwJptlwG l:Cihpql1wJJ1, uiJt Gpw hqnpntpJwCi tlhompJmCil! (lntJUP lmupp): Utymuwq 5 S1.uppb(l qntJlibpJ16wi1wqLUJJ1G.hp\l WUllllt hp.\WJllllpjntG.libpl! llllUlUJJiG. UUJ.h\tum.pp lllb.1111JllU\tWli qwzwn111 q.mJU{l lft11u1u1mt1wqntJfi

l!l11ti!1 hpl{m1mtp3nt6{l 380-450

4UlUj111Jlll

450-480

bpl1fiwqm3fi

480-510

lrmfilu,

510-550

q.mJG{l %itl1fi

"L,111pu2uiqmJfi tminuhn

lILl1nl1 bpl{1upmpJ111li{l 550-5!15 585-620 620-770

lnl)Ufl hnupJ! (4>) npnztjnni t nrtu1l:m [lltuWJpfi tfitpq}1w1Ji hqnpntpJmli' qCirnhw uu{b1ml uwpqm wml1 tl11w mfibgwo [lllUWJ}lfi wqqhgmpJw iip: UJO �wt{lqmtl t l3mtlhlifibpnl{ (tu): DpUJbu puJu)l hnupl1 tlpwt[np' QUI]lltGtJ.wo t 0,5305 llU2 tlwl{bphumj_ pwgwpot11l{ uh tlwpUfip. 01.UflUlql.UJPfihph hilUIJI! Ullill­ ° mp.fip l.1.1.lillhgtlwfi 2h[ldwumj16wfint1.i (I 769 C): w11uft nulp (J.) 1mJu(1 hnupp hwpwphpntpJmliG t uwpdfiwJltfi wfil!Jwfi (dw) ut.omf)Jrnfi 4pw, npn1u U1JG mw[luu)qmu t: UJCi pfimpwqpntu t 1nmwJI1fi hnup!1 mwpwomqwG }ummpJmfi1r

dq> dw -

(45)

1Jwpuuw1I1G w tilumfi (umbnw riJ1U1Gfihpnt[) t hwuwpt[mu R 2umwt[I1I1ml qu11Jl uwl1!:iplLlltJpl1fi hbfit{wa 1112 tiwl1liphu mfihgllll b!1upm-! L Gpw t1tumpn­ fimu qu1Ci4nq qrnqwpmj l1nfil1 [lfiqqpl.Jwo uuupwompJmGn (Gl1. 1 1 ): ln1111P null! irntlnlmu t l1w!iqtiwut­ rmtl (11q): tn,l1 l1wfii1btmG !11.uuwu1wmwu­ tuwCimu t tiblt umbmuqJ1wG uwpuGwJ!1fi = fJ' mmuwfi Cib[lumu tihlJ. tJmiibCi lmui;1J1Ci: Lnwwl[nprf.w/Jncp101a11 (E) pCim":)-:::. I � ?' llw qp4mu t LntumJp.Ci hnupp uwl1t.pbuU1Jpfi tummpJwlip L upnz4mu t 1muwJI1G E::. f1. tr' lmupf1 L tmuw qnp4.I1l} uwl1bphmJPll tlmF fLI / l1bpbu}1 luupwpbpntpJtul.lp. / / d 1,t1. 11 Luu11uu1li!uliplttulttuli E == (j) . (46) utompJm!i!ib11l1 u1mwlJ.lip11 dS · Lmuwi.tn11t[wampJwu t w41uwu. upw4npu t lJmpu[l (Lp): Zwpt1 t Cizb1., np mbuUl}W\.J.wCi opqruGCibpl1 tmuwqqw gnqmpJntfi(! u1wJtiw­ . !iui4.np4wo t n� pb uwl1bphn1wJ1 1muu11,ln1uJ.wb'mpJwup, WJL uwpufiJ1g tm.1u)1 wfiqpw qwpMwli ut.ompJwtlp, w1uJ1Gpu· u1w J<:rwnmpJtutip: Ori[diwlt' lfmP-Jl u1tuJomnml)JWU p wnwpl1U1Cib!lfl qdt[w p t mtmfih1., CimJfiJml1, h1lh upwGp lltufmo �,G umq qmJfip �ru-)!1 l{11w: bpb uwptlfi{l UIWJow1mLpJntfi[l uta t, w ­ u1w WJfi q1w.1tnu1 t: lfwqbp/.,n1Jp/J UfWJQW/ll1lpJ01lip mtiJw1 mqqmpJtuUp npn24mu t hhmL1w1 pwGwol,mt.

t

Ld = npmh1f

dJa

dScosa.'

(47)

dJa

6umwqwJrtlnq tmJup mdfi l dS uwlJ.hphntJpp t[pw a. wlilJ.JlllG mwl{: ITlwJiJwnmpJwCi iwt[1uruG upU14npJ! "L,\1mG t (um): 1'. l.l'li1JJJU1JJWP dlfwfi qnpuwlJftg{] (fw) pCimpwqpnui t tlwlthphntJpf1 l1nqu\1g Gp � �[lw pfi ltCiUl} tmJul1 hnuplt npnzw4\1 uwu\1 wu1u1wqw[lMtuG hwU1ltmp­ JWtlp.. UJG npnzt[mu l wfiq[lwqwponq (<lJw) Li uw puCip 4.pw i!OlJ.unq (<lJ{l) 1m­ u wJI1fi_ hnut:1bpl1 hwpwpbpnlpJwlip.

f =� lll

<p , n

4 Upunu1u1wl1wti un1G[1mtUp!mi

(48)

lltiq11wqw1101huti qn11owl1gl1 wpctlip[l, l1wiuquu) 1.hul.JbpLmJpl1 qn1_1(ib11I1g, tlmt.lm]mjmu t 11bo mppmJpnui (w11. 6): LmuU1ljn1ulnri uwl1hplt11tJPCibp[l, pmgJ1 wliqpwqm11omul1g, l[UlJ1llll Ui liwl, tnwGbt l1uni pwljnuCigbt I111liCig ljpw pGl1mo tmuwJl1Ci hnup[l: 11 74tuo q mgwti 112GliJl[l pGmpwqptjmu bu hu11Iwu1w mwufuwu qnpawl1l1g­ !ihpn4. l11mti11wG qnpowl1!1gp.

fIJ =� <I\,

F

2E ,\],�

npmlirf

<I\

npmb1f <l\ Ii ¢ P lnmiwu1wm111u)uwliiu1nu11 l11mu4rn1 l, pwq1w!igljnq 1mulll­ Jl1Ci hnUJ:J)l ubbmpJmCiCil,pCi bu: l!Jy11wwlj 6 Swpphp qntJli}l umqhpl..ntJplihp}l I.. 6Jntphp}l wliqp1m1mpdum6., lftw liumli I.. pmqiwG.guwli qnpowllJiglihpp

u.1mr[l

Ut, llu1J11nu1l1

q.np;> 4tUlljlllJ111

..:m.1bt]i l!t41ulu1

flu

f

lJ

f p

0,005 0,80 0,35 0.10 0.85 0,08

0,995 0.65 0.90 0,)5 0,02

0,90

.'1>116[! pCimptuqptlnni I: 1muwJJ1Ci lmupJ1 wCiqpwqwpotiwG hwu1l1mp.1wup h hwuwpqmu t Lnrnwqnp. lipp fw > 0,4 ut12pu, bpr flU C 0,2+0,4 L umq, li11p fw < 0,2: Op1blJl11/l hwlJWIJlll11p1m/if! /pn/ijl uljwwuwtfp pCimf)wqpqmu l �nGJ1 llIWJ­ amnmpJwCi lt opJbl1mfi L :jmGJ1 11lWJOwnmpJmGCibpJ1 hwpwpbpmpJwG mwp­ pb[Ult}}Jwtip. (51)

• } 00%

(52)

E 11m , Efi� Lt E 111iv 1muw4.nptjwompJtuti wmutlhLwqmJCi, CiqwqwqmJ!i Li tll1:,il1fi wpcJt,pCihpCi bu hhmwqmnt1lll1 dwowCiml1wuJ12ngntu:

(50)

<I> 0 ,

TTml1hpt.rnJpl1 qmJfi[l,

E tun -E fi�

(49)

pw41w(iguwG qnpawl1l1f f[l.

f

..:.mt1wri11111p.1mfip bwuw114mu t uba, hpp Ki > 0,5-11g (opJhl1m11 l1mrm1t1 qmuwqmCiljnnl L 1m(il1g), ut12t1(i, bpp Ki= 0,2 + 0,5 (opJt.l(m[l qwfiwqwCiljmu t :imut1 t11 nu1 l, tlmv11, Lipp Ki < 0,2-11g (oruliltml! htuq]14 G2uwpljmu t. :PnGJ1 tjptu): l11ww,f111m1p1w/i pwpwjuuwfi qnpbwlJ/lg[J (Kr) gmJg l mw1Jm dwuwCiw­ [1tipwgpn11l 1muw4nJ1111p1wG tlrntlmfuuwCi wumt16w!il! li npn2qmu t. ltl1

Ptitul1wCi 1muwljnpmp.1mCil! uu1hqo4nuI l U1pltl1 L Llllulifi tmJuJ1 tmu.w­ timmfitpnq, t.1111J1!1Gt1mtl, rinut1mtl (wJumhhmh' 1muwGgpCihp) !itrm pw41wu­ gb1m 2G1111hJ1tl: l!Jti l1wfu4wo t tmuwCigpCibpfi tiwlJ.hpbupg, pl{J1g, 11wuwqn­ pntp_1mCiJ1g, pw41w(iglll1 CiJmpJ1g L WJtCi: P-Ciwl1u1Ci 1muw4npmp.1mCi]! pum}c)wqptjmu t 1muwtjnpntpJwCi tiwlttuJlilw­ ltP wpdli[JUh11J1 qqw1J1 tlmtlm}umpJwtip: UJ'l tlmtlmfuntpJmCiCitp{! llllllJLlWCiw­ tlnpqwo hG mwpqm uhqnCintj l, CintJG!mlt optlw owutrmtl. oqlipluupwpwuw­ l1wfi u1wJtiwGCihpmj, tullllILUUtubmpJWUp l,_ bpL1Cipl1 I.Jlll1u(1g tn1Jul1 wCiqpw­ rimpauwG pCimJpnlj: l!.Jll u1wmt'.iwnntl pGwl.JwG tmuw4npnq,JmG11 lP 4wphtp Cinpuw4nplq 1muwljnpmp.1mG tiwl1wpqwl1lt pwGwl1wl1wCi wpdbpuhrm tl: f1pu1liU Cinpuwqn[llll1 tihompJmCi' pCiwl1wG 1muwl{n11umCi hwllmp {IUIJil1Ci4wo l pfiwlJwu 1n1uw,fnpmp1wu qnpowlJftgf! (Pl q.), npG mpmwhwJml{mu t pCiwl.JwG hw1Jwuu1pw1u1tj1 1m.1unlj tu2fuwu1mmb11J1 uwl1bphmJpJi mt.1Jw1 I.Jb­ ml1 tmuwqnp4womr.1wG (E�) l,_ qpufi 1.mutu4nptlmompJwCi (£..) hwpwph[Ultp­ Jwtip

e

E�

-100%.

(53)

.PGwl.Jw!i tmuUiqnpmpJwti qnpmul.Jgp Gn11uwtlnJ111tUf! ltririwJJiG tmuwl{nptiwG qtuwmu ltwmwpqmu t tmuwCigpJ1g wubCiwhbnm qmGtjnq 4hmJ1 hwuwp, wJuJ1G2f f qmCimu bCi pCiml1wG tmuwqnpuwG qnpmul.Jgp Cil{wqwqntJCi wpdbp{! (e,it): UJCi 2tGphpntu, npu1hq tmuwl{nrmtpJmGG JipwlJ.wCiwg4n1u t qbriJ1G 1muwGgpGlirmLJ. l1wti hwuwl.Jgqwo oLnq (l1ll.lillP9 l, 4bpL.J1g), Cinpuwl{npqmu t puw4mG trnuwqnpmpJwCi qnpawl19J1 uj19J1Ci mpdbp[!.

= 2

eui'\·

+e,+ . e 3 +···+ n-1

/!.qJJJWW lj 7

f!liwltwli 1mmuitnpnt�J1ufi qnpbmqglt wpdbpfilip@ l.lltupphp 2J.1fimpJntlililipli hwdmp

(54)

PL Cl--11 wpdb�CihpCi tu 2hCipl1 CihpunuI )1pu111pg e,, e2 , ... , en hmt.jumwp hbuun{npmpJwCi t.jpw qmfitltlll unuppbp lfhmhpmu (n� uiwtrum, pwCi hJ1Ciq l[bm): l:!Ciwl1mCi imuwqnpmpJwfi 6\12m lJwquwl[tptquwfi Ciu1mmrul{ntl, nf1ll2tl.mu

npmbq'

l. 1muwCigpCihpl1 qmtlmpwJt1u uwljhptmp. ' ".t..,S L npmhrf

Sn

e.ii

sh 'e.,1 · 112

'kl• - .- - - - -

(55)

100-r, · e,u

ztli1il1 hwuuul1)1 uw4bpbuCi l.;u ,

pCiml1wfi 1muwqn11111pJwfi qnpmul1gl1 CiqwqwqmJfi wru:lbpCi t

(w q. 7):

`ն

ըըՃl I JO

e

,

c իիմոէրյոllն{l

IS

vinnntpt1 qmhL11r:i 1.twp!1tilimtibp Lmurn.ufi. r11uurnpmfi lmpnp1uum11 ubliJwltlib.11 (l.b-uiq1 mll1mfi ub!iJm4. llu1nJlm'l111hL11ti Pmcllthu1 uw2wpmli, pm,l>bm .!.111fiqutnl1 ubli_11uljfit.p .!.wfiqbp,hupmli U'J.!jtufigp, 1111unj1r:im(i(itp llllll!JtUJllUfi, l!fll'llU(llllli BGnu1u1f1lllU, 1nwjl ut,liJUJltfihp $111l1111iitm111rilmt1mli, 1U,!11mujtl1m­ t1111li. hllll{\ll! llilllU. UJllUOlU(lll)l/tuJ4.tuG, t1t.11mpm- !, tjmuh1ppmJp6 Ll{m9u1ufi, jlWfiqowli, !ihptrnwli, lmwl19t1lllli, •lnql1mu)lqw9uwli, w1m11qt11uq111u)ml1wfi, iJm1 1dwplt6mli mb11w,imuhp. qmppfing. u1mhhmn­ fibp U!huufi1u�;p1fo1{ilip, qt.pw)l.mhw­ lingfibp (j.Jmqui,t.1111libp!1 1�zwtit1u1fi wp1nw111m1uu1ubp lit[UU1l[U1JU1Utumhqhp, lllt.Uppl:ip fiJm­ Plmh. hwmulnumhlth mmhtmm!ibn

. .. % PLq..h n>nnh, •··-DObnn lmqwJ].lli '-lhp].10 lt qni�p)lliwgl{w& 1muwlj_npmpJntli 1muwl{npmpJntli 0.5 l -. 1,5 1,5 l I 0,5 I 0.3 0,7 0,2 0,5 I 0,2 0,1 JO

o.�

0,5

1,0

I

0.2 l!.qjnwwlf 8

UbliJtult].l bplJ.wp. lt

tWJli, hwpwpbpmpJntlil!,

L:B

OS

l l

9,50 !1,5

8,50

Qj

16,0 -

4,0 l, Wl{b[lt

\,q. 12. Pfimqrnfi 1mu111qnpmpJwfi qnpomqgli pfinqnuqplipp inuamfnpt.huli um1pplip o t.hp.p qhuwnnl w) tijimtin'lll lJ.n'lwJj1u tntuun{npmu, p) t.111.J.1.J.nqu 1.J.n'lwJjili 1nmwl{npmu, (l) 4tpl1!i tpl11J.nqu tmmm[npnut, 11) hmumlJ.gqwb- tmuwl{npmu

2-jt. wpdbpfibp(! B:h hwpwpbpntpJWfi hbmltJUll wpdbpfibp}l qbl!Jl!ntli

1.5 10,

-

13,0

IO,O

Il,5

15,0

1-5

2.0

7,00

9,00

ll,S

13,0

9,50

12,5 17,0

22.5

1 1,5 15,0

!9,0

27.0

3,0

12,0

16,0

18,0

20,0

25,0 43.0

!5,0

19,0

22,0

25,0 35,0 -

so

17,0 23,0 26,0

30.0

42,0

-

6.0

20,0 26,0

30,0 35,0

45,0

1,4. 13 UhliJLllql1 plituq1uli JIIIUlllljll[lDltJJIUU hmztju1ptil1 utuliumlit.11 u1) 2t.Gplt L11111u1_1\1G pumv1u,111\1 qnpit1ut1gl1 (11:) npnzuu,G hu11hu1i. pl 2t.u1111 �m11[wpuwli q11f1i't1u4gj1 (K�,) npnzuu1li hunhup:

to - 1muwCig12Citpj1 1111uwpu1tj1wGguwG J!GqhmGmp qnpowl1)1gu. 11(1[! hw2tJJ1 t wnGnu\ 1muwGgn)1 mhuwlw, alt[! t. pwtjrn1(i�Illl GJmp)1 uw12fllltpJmG[!: <l>n2m, o)u)1 pw11op 12wGml1)1 wnltWJntpJw(i 11hu.wmu u)mnphIJ.lt 1muwumu1GL11)1 hwuw11 t0 = 0,4, bplJ.4.1bql[ LillUlUllntUIGlip)l hwuwp t o = 0,25, tJm2m t. a)u)1 wGGzwG 12wGwl1)1 wnl1wJ1UtJJWG 11bummu, u)1wtj1bIJ.l1 l, hplJ.tj1liql1 tmuwummGbp)l hwuwp hmtlWUtW­ UlWU)uwGwpwp' 0,5 l, 0,3: llz - 2hGp)1 1muw.1)1G 1�Gmpwq11)1 qnpowl1)1gG t, n11I! hw2tj)1 I. wulimu 2hG12)1 �w4.1bp[!, qpwGg hwpwph­ pwl1gmpJntG[! t. 1muwG�m)1 tjtp)1G hqp)1 pW[IO [llltpJmGG w2Juwmw­ mhaj1g:

lutul{tupumli qnpo1ul1.9l1 tupclbplibpJ!

r ;

l!1unw111lj 9

L1: H hu111111pl,pmp_1111G lllJ1cihp11

Kru-!1mpcllip[I

L1: H h1upwphf111LJ}JIIIG LUJldGJl[I

K�,-j11upclb\J(1

0.5

l.7

2.0

1.1

1,0

l.4

3.0

1,0

l.5

1,2

3-119 1111jhtl1

l.0

I

K�, - qnpawlJ.)1g t, np[! hw2tJl1 t wnGmu 1muwGgp)1 tuw4.wpml.lJ! hwpltULG zhGphp)1 lp1IJ.ll)1g h ipntJ.m)utJ.mu t l + l , 7 uwhuwGGb[llltll: Ew - qnpawlJ.)1g t, np[! hw2tJ.)1 t wnGmu 1muwtJ.np4.wamp1wG ubawgmll[! uiwmhp)1 L wnwumwIJ.li lJ.IlIJl.lpg 1m1u)1 wGqpwqwpMwG 2Gnph)14:

l!Jymnwlj JO Uli1unuqm11aumli hlitul,mlipntj 1mutul{npnt}}Jtuli ubomgu1uli qnpo1uti_gt1 mpclbplibpf! "l.1L1Lnh1111 UIDLUUllllllajl qmJli[!

�w-\1 Wil(Jb11Gbp(! 1.Jliw411J\uwli\1 bp44111\u mu1wtlnn. mrnwtlnn. 1,4 2,5 1.2 2,0

~-----+ի------=rl~ի I,

U1tJ]umu4, r1119 1t1u11111uqmJCi, pu1g ljtUUJlllJlll Lt UJJLPW9 qm_1Gbp lrum1m_1m, l11u!im.-, t.11upqtuqm_1G Lt WJL 1\mq qnLJUbJI

4.4. UP.(bUSUl1l!"'\., LOrUl!.'-lllPOHil-301-"'\.,

l!r1hhumwl1wG 1muwtlnfllltpJntG[! l1)1pwntlmu t 2hG12hp)1 uhpu[!, tl1IlIJngGb­ [1I!, hwuwpwl1wl1wG tlwJphp]! 1muwtjnph.1m Guiwmwl1ntl, hpp �11 pwtlwpw­ flllLU pGwl1wG LlllJU[!: l!Ju ltlllflilIJ. t 1l1uh1 ptiI]hwtintp L ljntipfttiwgtJ.wu (bpp ]!GqhwGmp 1muwtjnpuwG uwp12lip)1 hbm l1}1pwni.twa bG Gwt. 4nGl1phm opJhl1U1[! ljhGmpnuwgtjwo 1m1untj w1.4whntlllIJ 1m1u)1 WIJ.PJnq1Gbp): Lm1Jui.two 2lilil)lllll utu11nwtJnpmuGh11)1 (wpu1wqpwuwumu' hnu12w1)1G qahp)1, 1uwpwGGli[llltll l1wu qwh1l16Ghpmu' GumwpwGGhp)1, uhqwGGlipl1) qw­ uwtlnfllltpJmGJ1g' ]!GqhwGmp tmuwtJ.n[lllt}}JntG[! lJ.W(ll1IJ. t tl1Gh1 hwtJ.wuwpw­ �wtJ.1 l1wu uwuG1ul1)1wgtJ.tui't (1nl1wtwgtJ.wo): bpltflllM qbt4Qmll hw2tll1 bG wnutjmu UW(lQWtjn[lllLUUli[l)l, uhqwGGbp)l qwuwtlllfllll}}JlllG]! t. LlllllillUllllGhp[! pwz)utlmu bG GpwGg qwumtlnpuwG 2wp12bp)1G hwuwu1wmwu)uwG: Cum G2wGwl1m1JJtuG' wphhumwl1wG 1muwtlnfllltpJntG[! ltWflilIJ. t 1l1Gb1 Ciwlt pwGtlnpwl1mu (w,)uwmwG12w1)1G), tlpwpwJ)1G t. ttlwlJ.mwg)mG: PwtitJ.npwfJwti 1nwwt/.npmp1mtip lJ.wquwlJ.bpuitJ.mu t GnpllWL w2)uwmwGp[!, llW[1IJ.l1wGg hnup[! t. uliphGwGbp)1 mb11.w2wpctG wuiwhntlbtm uuiwmwlJ.ntJ.: r.fpwpw1ftti 1nwwt/.npmp1mtip Gw}uwmbutJ.mu t wJG qht4pmu, hpp hJ1u­ liULlJ.wG tmuwtJ.nfllltpJwG 1.4wmwhwl1wG wG2wmuwG qli1.4emu ljw[lllIJ. t mb­ '111 mGliuw1 uiww1mG, uw11ql1wGg pmGwtJ.nfllltll, tlGwutJ.wampJmG, mb)uGn­ tnql1wl1wG WG[!Gqhwm g)1lul1, lJ.wu1)1, qwqwuwmwl1wpwpuwG. 2[lillllillU1W­ ltW[1W[lUWG qwGwqwG hwuwl1wpqhpl1 hul1uwG lJ.wu qbljwtJ.wpuwG )uw)u­ mmuGhp: tt/.wljmwgjmti 1nwwt/.npntpJ111tip' (E = 0,5 m) Gw)uwmbutJ.mu t 50-)lg w4h1l1 uwpql1wGg qmGtJ.btm tlwJpb [llltll, npmhq h)1uGwlJ.wG 1m1ul1 1.4wmwhw­ ltULG wG2wmuwG hbmt.wGpntJ. hGw11w4.np l llW(lIJ.lJ.wGg tJ.GwutJ.bLI!: v2tJ.wa q bumbfllltll oqmwqnpotlmu hG t1hlJ.mpwl1wG hnuwGe)l lJ.wu tGbpql1wJ)1 WJl lllIJ.PJmpG bp: Lmuwtln[llltpJwG GnpuwtJ.n[llltll[! hb2mwgGb1m Ci1.4wmwl1ntl pn1np w2Juw­ mwG12Ghp[! pwchuGtJ.wo tG lJ.wpqbp)1' hw2tJ.)1 wnuh tntl GpwGg 02qpmmpJntG 1! (ULIJ.. 1 1 ):

_,

v,

:1

I

I

;:J

2. "'

<!;l

.:::r A

"" "" CJ

'l

r

Ill

1\

'I

l'

lll

IJ

q

p

Ill

p

Ill

.r,

�

""

CJ

.:::r

--

'""3

""

I0-[1n nn[l,tJ1

1,0-lO

0,3-l ,0

0,1-0,3

0,J I, llJllll[IIIII

V)

""

C: -5"[ .L::l ,�

C'.,,,

C,

3 c:j

:i ""

.:::r

..c:..

Uzf11u11nu1lip,11pl_l UJIIIIH11li211u\ t \�flUIJU lllJllllllllJJlUllJlllli ll((lll!]JiUfl 1 1 t11nmnl1nnl llzJmmnu1lip t1lip(illl[lllllllll(ll(1l[llll llllllllJllJUl!ihp111j l1 li111111hn111I

l111u 1]n11 1112Jun1111111lip

ec:: :a5

""2 "'

'/:I

s

� � "'

'<l

-0 9"" C: 3 S CL."" �

�

'C

-

5 S 3 ::, v�

C,

� _3 -::; �

;:J

�

..c:..

CJ

.:::r

I l11u11lul1l [lllllllll[ll(l J111111hun [lllllllll[ll(l l111utlt1111 1m111111lnn

"umJlill

"un1JliL1

:mo

ISO

ISO

'iOO

lOOO

l50

-

-

so

J OO

so

JOO

5.,

CJ -

3.§.��

.g.:::, - .,,, 3" - C: "'

=-

' _, -5- '-=l '-::I ..§ ""3 i:=

ISO

[1111n[1up l(J()(J

lOOO

[IIIUllll[ll(l luu11ltun Llllllllll[IIJl lu11111,un [lllllllll(ll)l

lw111l11111 l lllllllllfll(I 1,11111111111 1\f1i>f1li 1\l,,) [lllllllllfll[I 1111111111111 1\li() 11111111111111 1 Ulil1111ju 1111iiui1111p1111ci 1h11li qnp/ln1lm]1y, .'pnlif1g I, lp11ill1(1llllllllfl!)

111111111 1f111pp 1\f1)>flli

11bit

tl[11'[lli 1\l,,)

,1111�11 tj111p11 ll[l)>jlli

t\l,,)

lljl)ljlli ,\Ii/I

t[m1111 tl[19[1G

tj1111111

111,0

Jllllllllljll(l \111111lm11 Lllltm11jnp

[IIIIIUll[ll(l

,0

tlmw 1�[19j1!l

5.,

5.,

CJ -

2.,:i

3"2"S:� C:.:,

� §4; C

.g. t:I '-=

'

l[lllj!Jl

C'

""

= ;g.'§.§] � ::, =-

o C "O _, -.o =.t C ::i C QI.:

=' <!;l

s

"" C: C: �

""

3" 2. = s-"'

<!;l -

<!;l

3""

l•l(lll(jUl<)lllJ!l Llllllllll(ll(ll[UIOlllpJll 1(j LI 2J1l[lll!]lllll!l JlllUUlllllllJIU, Ill

CJ <!;l C:

"ut[u1rin1q111Jfi Llltun1t[11p1[t n/lmpJnt!lJ! u1111l[1liliunlili111. JIIIUllllllllUlU II!

(11u11(u1p

3�

�

. t\j12j11i t\lio

I I

- .:::r

3 .=. .:::r�

"=! l..:!

.:::r 3

-

- ""

C:

� s

:.. =

CJ

3 "' ::::: "O

LntutU\J.llJ.mtpJtuli lin111llip{!

CJ

cc.

JO

't,

"" g.

C:

'""3� 2.

"" Z..

..c:.. Cl .:::r

lbynwwlj I I

CJ-punul w2JuwuuuG!)LibpJ1 ltwm wptlw G dwtlwG wlt, 4 wJmj wb w2Ju w­ u1tuCipJ1 l1 wpqJ1q. 1muunjnrmt1JJWU GnptituCi uw htiu1Ci4 wo t 2+50 Lp uw hti w Ci­ (ibfllllll: L!.phliuuuu\JLUU 1muw4nrmtpJwG J1pwl1wG wgtiwG hwtiw p 4J1pwmjmti b(i m wprhp u1Jm1J1 1mJuJ1 wqpJmpGbp, nrmGgJ1g hJ1tiGwt1wGGbpCi hG' 2J1l1wgt.l w G, gbphl1 w.1J1G (LJmtiJ1GhughGmwJJ1G), hwum1l1 pwpop t. qhppwpap 61iztiwli uGqJ1l1 wJJ1Ci 1wtitqhp11: CJ1l1w gtitu(i 1wtltqbp[1 I11Gmti bG 15+ 1500'-lm hqn11111pJw t.lp, t1hl1u1p w l1tuCi 211PWJntti hnuwLii:iJ1 127 lttuti 220 '-l twptituCi hw tiwp: S1i11wl1 wG 1muwtjnptiwG hwtiwp (l1ntipJ11i wg4wo b11 wGwl1t1 11bummti) oq­ m wqnpotjmti b(i 12 l1 wti 36 '-l 1 wptiwtip wzluwu1m1, tiJ1Gt l, 50 '-lm hqn11mp­ J wtip 1wtlt4l;p: CJ1l1 wgti1uCi 1u1tiu1bpJ1 1n1JuJ1 UUjb4mnpmti qbpwt12nmti hG 11b1ll1Li l, l1 w11tlJ1p qni.1Gl,p[1, np[l Ju wuqwpmti t tiwP11l1 wlig 4m1tiJ1g qmJGbpJ1 11Gt1witi w li[1, qmJGh11J1 Lipphp1uliqGbpJ1 qwGwqwGtiwun, hbmt.wp wp, nrmz w2tuwunuGplih­ pJ1 l(LUlllW(ltlUl(i11: Cl-w qtuu1w11u1tiwG 1 wtiu1bpG mGbG hJ1qJ1bGJ1l1 GnptiwCibpJ1Ci 111J1tj p wtj wpw1111IJ 1mu wJJ1G p(impw qpbp: PwgJ1 wJq. upmlig tinm 1_muwm4mp.1m U[! l1 wqtimti t tiJ1Li�l, I 00 Ltl/'-lm, bpp 2J1\1u1gtlw(i 1 wtiu1bpl1 tinm' 8-30 Lti/'-lm 1.: q.wqwUJ wpu1t.lwG 1_wtiu1bpJ1g hwtibtiwm wp wp tWJU m wpw omtl bu qmb1_ q1wGwaL umtiJ1CibugbGmwJJ1G 1wtiUjbp[1: LTpwG11 prn1wpl1tlmti bG 11uu1 mwp­ pbp qmG w.1t1G G2wtiml1mpJ w G' gbpbl1w JI1G 1mJuJ1 (AA), uwn11-u14Jrn1wl1 1.m.1uI1 (J\X 6 ), uu1[1unul1 1m.1uJ1 (J\E), mwn-uu1J1m wl1 tmJuti (J\TE) 1, pwpb1w tl4wo qmJGntj 1m.1uJ1 (A,l\Ll): L.1mtiJ1GbugbCitt1wJJ1G 1mtiu1tpJ1 1muLUJJ1Ci !mum� unumLUCitlmti I: t1bt1mpLU­ ltLUG lmmuGuJ1 unumLUGtiwCi[l (50 .(g) hw ULUUjUtUl wuJutuCi, 11pJ1 hbu1t.LULitJntl ltlllflllll I: wmu2wGw1 umrmpnut1nu1J1LUltLUG t.'phl1u1: LTULUCi p wptulumtiGbp[l tibqtihtm GUj wm wltntl umtiJ1GhugbGm wJJ1G tLUti­ t4bp[1 tiJ1LUg4mti bu qmJqbpntj, nrmGgJ1g tihl1J1 .'pwq[l tuLUJumtjwo t UJmuJ1 (j ltllllllll LUUp: UG11I1ltLUJJ1Ci LWLlU(b(l[l m wum b(i hlllUUllllUlntG llllJU, wzlutummti b(i oqJ1 mLUppbp 2tptiwumI16 wGCihpJ1 u1wJtiLUCiGbpmti: l.J.J1pLU114mti bG tibo pLUpa­ pmpJmG mGbglll1 lll(lU1WqpLU4LUG zbGgbrmtti h 41rn1ngGbrmu1: .guliGnGLUJJ1Ci (lulll1ntlLUlt[1 wtlmti t pubGnGntl) 1mtiu1bpti oqmwqnpo4mtl bG uu1npmhwtibpqLUJJ1G qw htlH'iGbrmtti, bpl1wpqoI1 ltWJlllflUtCiGhrmtti h 2J1Gw­ p wplllltLUG hpwUjlll(llll4Ubpmti: U.pmLUqfllltl}JntGmti, pctz4mpJLUG tib2, hbmLUqnmw4LUCi LUzluwmLUGgGb­ rmiti t1J1pwntjmti bu m1u1ptutiLUGmzLUl1uiqmJG, l1tlwpgwJJ1G, nhGmqbGJtuG l,

w.11 mJm1J1 1 w tln1Lp: U11w ti12. nrmzllll!l1 CinptiLUCibpJ1q hbum, tiw pi1t1wGg tlfllll plll1Cimti LG pn1gwuu1l1 tuLi ltLGuLUpLUGlllltwG hbml,tuLipCit,p: fltumJ1, ULUpql1l1 �u1lw1p L umlni tu(itj tui'r dtutiwCiLUltl1g w tjbtl1 qmCitjbCi (itiu1Ci 1 wt1t4t.pJ1 6 w nLU­ q1uwGbpJ1 wq11t,gmpJWU mwti: l!.tlbtl1 hbnuiu4 wpwJI1G bu hLUtiwptlmti hllltnI111wJI1Ci 1 wt.lt4bp[1, nrmGg m­ (ib(i qbp wq wGg 1muwqmCiwJJ1Ci OLUllLUqwwmu L p wpop wpqJmGLUt}bumtl}­ .1mCi: LT(lWUg lllllllUU14ntj}J11LU[1 lttUqtimti t 110+130 m/�lm: Lwtit4J1 LnLULUJJ1G hnupJ1 nmgJmuuq p wzlutl wti, w4h1n1111 LL(WJOLUrmtpJmtiJ1g w�1JJ1 u1ui2um1LUG­ tiu1G, JWLlUj[l l1b11u111mtlb1mg, tjliLUutlh1mg, h bppbtiti, u1ww1mGJ1 LUqqhgmp­ .1m(iJ1g u1 w2unL1w Gl;1m Ciu1wm wl1ntj oquuuqn11otjmtl hG 1muwti4m41Gbp: l_ wtiu1J1 l, 1mmuti4mtj1J1 hmtiwl1gmp.1tuGLi wG4wGmti bu 1mutuum1: lrLUlutjLUO �>mLit1gJmG w 1 Ciz w GLUl1mpJmCiJ1g· CipLUG!l I11Gmti Lu nullll\, gptJlll1 t, LUGqpLU11tupatln11 tm.1untj (Git. 14):

8� G6

J

-�- - - -10. . . . . . _ -- - - - - __.____.

X ի t \ If

C

)

1,q. 14 lmutuuunUhpJ1 mhuwqfihp.[! I. <<fllli]11jtpuu1p,, 2. <<lvn1m16tumuqmJP>1. 3. «lJmgtmunu», 4. 4mpli1uqmli11, 5. B3r. 6. C - 131 <DM, 1. mumumm,1mJ t1li, s. nY-100, 9. nY-200, 10. OA. 11. nBA. ncx '1lwwmGLUtlmwGq t. hpqbhw4mLUGq 2bGpbpJ1 1mu w4n11tiw ti U UjWU1LU4ntl Jun_rtlmipq t mptlmti oqmLUqnpbht Pen mJ1lllti 1muLUmmGbp: l!._rtl1bum w4LUG 1muwtlnrmtpJwG h w 2tlw11lt1! l1LUtnLUJ1htlm u1hmg t hLUztl.1 1 tunGbt 1muw 4nptln11 ubti.1 w4J1 ti wt1bpbu[1, tiJ12LUtllllJ(ll1 pCimpw qJ1p[1 uhGJLU59

lJ.nuI, 4wmwp41ll'} wztuwmwCipCibpl1 l'izqpmmpJmCi[!, tqwmbpp L wnwumwaj1 :i>nun, opJhl1mI1 h .'}>nCiI1 III12L bqwo hwlJ.wqpntpJmCi[! L wnCi: ..:.wz4wplJI! lJ.w­ mwp4nuI t hbmLJWL hw2npqwlJ.wCimpJU1Up. I. QCimpmu bCi 1mJup UITJPJntpp mbuwlJ.[!: bpb ubCiJwlJ.mu 2tpuwumJ1l'iwCiu t'1 I12Cimu I0°C-Jig, hnuwCipJ1 LUlJ1lllU[! �11 [!UlJ.Cimu CinuJ1Ciw1 LUJJlUUJCi l0%-J1g w4btJ1 L pwgw114mu t umpnpnulJ.ntqJ1wl1wCi t.'}>bl1mJ1 wnw2wgmt1(!, wCihpw­ db2m t [!Cimpbt w4htJ1 uta UJpqJntCiw4hmmpJmCi mCibglll'} qwqwu1wpu1uwCi 1wlitqbp: 2. QCimpnttI bCi 1muw4npuwCi hwuwlJ.wpq[!' [!CiqhwCimp l1wu lJ.nlipl1Ciwg4wo: UJu qtuwmu wCihpwdbzm t hwzitl1 wnCib1, np lJ.mipl1Ciwg4wo 1muwqn­ pntpJmCi(! UJpqJmCiwqbm t, pulJ. [!CiqhwCimp 1muwqnpntpJDLCi[!' hl1ql1tCiJ1li: "lbmp t Cil1wmI1 mCiliCiwt Ciwlt, np uwuCiwlJ.J1 (1nl1w1wgqwo) 1muwqnpntpJm­ Cip ubowgtimu t wz}tlwmwCipJi UIMJntCiwqbmmpJmCi[!: i 3. QCimpntu bC 1muwmmp mbuwl.J[!' hwztll1 wnCibtntl uJ12wtlwJpl1 wquuun4wompJtUCi[!, hpqhhwtqwJpJmCiwqmwCiqmpJntCi(! L uwpql.JwCig w�pl1 4pw wqqnq 1mJuI1 u1wJcl"U111mpJntCi(!: 4. 4UJU1U1p4mU t 1muwmmCibpJ1 pwz}umu h CipwCig pql1 npnzmu: LmuwmmCibpJ1 hwqwuwpwtwtl1 pwztuuwCi Citqwunul1ntl tqbmp t hwzitl1 wnCibt CipmCig u112l, PDLJLUllllpqlll'} CinpUUIL hbnw4npntpjlllU[! (UIIIJDlUUJlJ 12): l.!Jynwwlj 12 Lniuwmnllihp)l �wtu1huli pwpdpntpJwli t.. u(12hhnw4npn1pJwli hwpwphpntpJwli (h/11) wpdhplihp(!

I

lmummmj1 mbutuq(! lvnpwciwmuqwJp fhClJnJbpuwt lJmgbtnUlW li:wpClwqmCiq

I

h/11 1,4 1,5 1.4

2,0

I

LmuwuimJ! mbuwq(!

htIll

2,0

B3r

OA

1,4

-

-

ITB1\

1,5

'hw}uwtqbu npnzqmu t 1wlitql1 lJ.w}uuwCi pwpopntpJntCi(! (h1) wz}uwmwCi­ pwJJ1Ci uwlJ.bphntJppg.

h 1 =H-(h, +h i },

npmbq'

(56)

H - zbCipl1 pwpopntpJmCiCi t, u, h 1 - wzluwmwCipwJpCi uwlJ.bpltntJpl1 pwpopmpJmCiCi t hwmwlJ.l1g, II, h2 -1wuutJ1g wnwumwq bqwo hbnwqnpntpJmCiCi t, II:

Oqm4b1n4 U111J01Uwl1Jig' htuzqnuI b(i LUJUtqbpp Up5!L hbnwqnpntpJntU{! (Ii): llpnzmu bCi Ciwl, 1wuu1tpJ1 PM!!' hwzqJi wnCibtntl CipwCig mbqwpwztum­ up: .!2wuwlJ.mum qwqwpCihpnq pwz}ubtlm' 1wtitqhpJ1 pJ14 [! l1tJ1CiJ1.

n,

0[1Ulbq'

=

s lll

(57)

I

sill-· tunwumwqj1 uwl1t11tuCi t, u ,

l, - 1wu14tpJ1 uJ12L tqwo hbnwqnpntpJmCiI!, u: f.!Jynwwlj 1J ITllմllմթ~ դործա~ց.(ն. արժհրlնհրր

LmuwtJnptJrui opJbqtn(! L!.(1UlUIILJllllqU1Cl zl1timpJmGlihp, IIJllllig Ol(WJ!1G 1IJ11nu4u11pmu tJm2J1CL amjl1[1 qwqumu b(i hlimlo.JUIL ptuClmqCihp[l uq/t\3 m) 10 Lo. mtJhtl1 uq:u3 - tlmq 1!111211 - p1ug qmJCll1 tJm2l1 v l 5-119 10 uq:u' -1\mq 4mzl1 - pu1g qm.1u11 q111zl1 Od1uCi111ul1 U1JllnU11J111ul1wu l1umm_1gfibp' Cinpuuit 0111u_1!1Ci uJ12mtJu1Jpm[. hmuwpmqu1qmu Lo. p!imL1h1l1 2nCi11bJ1· nt 1mlhtl1, p1uCi 5 1\q!t\3 tlm2m Uj lll(llllCiu1l1mpJwup L!1111m11wwqu1Ci hu1ppwqCibp, h(JUIUjlUlllUl(Gbp

11lwzwpJ! qnpbwltJ!gl!, JC... q.tuqWUjWJIUjUWli twuuibJJJi qbui11mu

CJiqwguwli tmuUjbJIJ! qbui11mu

2,0 1,8

1.5

1,7

1,8

1,5

1.4

1,5

IJ

1,5

1,5

1.3

llpnzmu bCi IIhl1 1wuu1I1 1muwJJ1Ci hnu11Ji tIMmpJntCi[!.

F = npu1bq'

K ·S ·E Uj

h

ո l . իի'Iէ • շ '

(58)

� - u1mzwpJ1 qnpowlJ.I1gCi t, npl1 wpdtpCibp(!' lJ.w}uqwo 2I1CimpJwCi Cibpul1 oqI1 wqummqwompJmCil1g L 1muwmmJ1 mbuwlJ.pg, phpqwo tCi tuq. 13-mu, sh - hwmwlt11 uwlJ.bpbu(i t, u2 ,

E -

1muwqnpntpJwCi CinpuwCi t' lJ.tu}uqwo lJ.wmwpqnq wz}uw­ mwCi11CibpJ1 l'izqpumtpJmCiI1g, .'}>nCipg, 1muwurn1p mbuwlJ.pg L UIJtCi,

111 1.w1.l'lqtpp pJulfi t, hwm, z - 1nwm4npuwu wuhwt{wuwpwlwl}mtpJwfi qnpawt1J1gfi t, npp l1wJu4wa t tmuwmml1 mtmwlJ.J1g, iniuwmmfitpp u11)llt bqwa htuw4np.mpJmfi(1g L 1.wu1.4(1 l1wJuuwa pwp6pmpJmfil1g, 11 1 -- tnLUwJpfi hnupJ1 oqmwqnpiJUw(i qn11crwl1!1gfi t, npp hw2tl_l1 t wnumu wnwumwqj1 tqwmtpp lt 1.muwu4.m41l1 l11111ul1g tmJul1 Inwumup: l!Jfi t1wJutl_wa t 2tfipI1 alil1g h 2wtl1hpl1g, iqwmtpJ1 l1 wuwumw11I1 qmJCil1g, ltfittqbu Ciwh w2Juum1w(ipwJltfi uwt1tphn1Jp!1g tmuwmmp lJ.wtuuw(i pmpopntpJmCipg: l!Ju qnpoU1ltgl1 U1\1dl11J[l npn2ttm Gtqwmmtimt Ciwfuunqtu hw24.mu bu 2liCip!1 6l,J1 gmgwCi!12p, npp nuJqUICiltJmCi uhfiJUilJ.!1 hwuwp lnl1fiI1. q>

a·b

(59)

h 1 -(a+ b)'

1 lmnuHiwuj1pljnq opJhl1um1u lju.uumwgj1 1muw4npn1pJwCi uhont})Jntfi(! Ujhlllp 1. l!h() ljtull hu1tjWUWp j)1fif1 Ull}ltlWUlipnlj UWIUlUIUljlUO lilllllUljnpljlll­ /) lllf)}nt (i j19: {!JlflJlUUIIJ

'h qnpi'ltul1.9l1 m1uthp6hp11· qmtuitmb qi gntgtuUtizllg t. tntumuimlih11}1 wJuqJig lntUlUUllll}l

m�nm

fl1liJ14h1nnu(

ah b - hwuU1u1wmwufuwuwpwp, uhfiJwl1l1 bpt1wpn1pJmfifi m tWJ­ CintpJmCiCi h(i, u: Oqmtlhtntl wrumuwl1 l 5-119' npn2nuI hfi 11 1 -!1 wpdhpp: <!,wuwiqwmwuiuwfi qnpcrml1!1gfitph lt gmgwfil12Cilipl1 wpdh{:!fibpp mbqw­ qphtntl (58) pwCiw6l,!1 ub{ npn2mu tu uh4 1.wuu1l1 imuw.1I1fi hnu1m, npp t. hl1U{:! pfiqmfihtntl_ lt oqun{btntl hwt{h1.4wcr 8-J1g· pfimpmu ta 1.wuiqj1 mbuwlu! t. h qnpmpJmfi[!:

WDWU•

mwnh

11-!1 wpdbJ!fil.p(!, bpp q>-u hwqwmup t'

UjW-

0,5

0,6

O,.i

0.1

0.21 0,24

()J()

0.19 0.28 OJ6 0,41

ml.11h

0,8

l! jllljH!

0.3 0,5

tflll!J[llllll

0.3 0,5

0.1 0.3

0.14 0.28

()J

0.1

0.14 n.19 0.25 0.22 0.2 7 0.33 0.10 0.14 0.19 0.21 0.26 0.32

llll1Hlll1111! fl,li]11ll,pmu( 111t11wl1111I

npmtrt'

Ulirynuqwpo IStuli unncru1ll hrm •...

LJm!Jl,mm,u

Luu'iu1 u11!11tfig 1uliiu1tlll}lll]lO·

ll\1111

0. 7

0,3 0.7

0,1 0.5

0,29

1,0

l,S

rus I 0.40 0.46 05 0,38 0.42 0.48 0,52

0.29 0,22

0A5

05,

s

0.39 0.55

0.43 0.60

0.45 0.46 0.62 0,51

0,34 0.38 0.44 0.48 0.28 0.32 0.45 0,51

0.54 0.38 0.59

o..u

0.40 0.-18 0.59 0.61

0.30 0.35 0.45 0,51

0.3 7

0.58

0A2 0.45 0.64

0,67

UJymuwlj 14 lmmul!np.uwli wlihwqwuwpwi_w$ntpJwli qnp.inulJ.gli wp.dliplilipp Z-11 wpdbl!6hp[! I,lhdl qtnq�nui Lnmwmm.J,l mbuwlm

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

l,S

1,175

0.845

flLu]nlbflUWL u1) tlpfibgnu,nq

0.650

0,770

0,938

0,975

0,915

0.912

p) IUDlUUg opubgow(i

0,630

0,740,

0,896

0,950

0,977

0,865

0.828

lJmghmmw

0.545

0,660

0,735

0,913

0,867

0.734

0,595

lvnpmcitunwq.tt1Jp

0.637

0,775

0,907

0,988

0,990

0,937

0,880

Lnmwt{npmpJwfi uwqwp.qwljp hu4nuifi ppw4wfiwgt{mu t I0-15, I0-16 li I0-17 uw1.tfil12J1 umpmibmpbpnt{ 1wt1m1uabp}1 up2ngmt:

նl-յոtllայltան րնաiltայtllllյրlեիmիմ \)րիաlաայաիաllիlllրlարllllայ! եայնqtmանimմ է կենմայltայնորեն ltայրlltոր խմնq!իրնեիիtից tiեկի!: 5ջր!t օqmայqործոtար! tկայաանայկիմնորենi կաiրեtlի t խմմրmlոորեt յ!աաl lիարtիրներlի' mնmեմmկայն (lիենiցtմիիայյlինi, խմմեի.m), աl(lաIաlflրlաlltաIն ն. եաlիայեtlll.եեաIյllն: 3mpUipUIG~Jmp նiմիաmայltlի եամաiր օqmայqորօlոmմ է աոանօtiն ջրիաաայmայlttմրաiրման եայմայltmրq, մայltաIյն · qյոtqայmնml:iiյայltան ջրիաIաաmllllիայրաiրաաIն եայաաilյաI(lqlխ, եխիմնայlիամmմ, ltայրlllll է !lինեt մրամնայltայն: Տարրեր նմիmmայltներիիիlո օqmայqործlոոq ջրերlին նt.րltաIյաiցlոmմ են յmրաեաmmկ lկlllեաIնջներ: liյաlկեա, tմilեtm ջրիխի մեջ lիայխմtl_այ<) նյmրերlt քlllնաlm ~u1bmp է qերաiqանցlի ի,5 մq/ի.-!ի9, lmlի mեխմնltltայlիան նtկայmաlիոtl օqmաqործtlllո\ ջրիիիtա' I 00 մqft-lից: liենցtմqtմյ!ին ն. mնամmններյին ջրիեtm եաաայրl օqmայqորօt.յոիի ~p}1 ~hp­ աայմmխի6այնր! միեmր l նյինlի 5-ի5°: 5ջրաIաայա!աll(արիաlրlաայն lմմմաlիարq_երlխ րաiql(այցայ<) են երեր եյlմնայկայն մtմմեր)ից ' աiqրյmր!ից, lllրlաllllրյիfi (tlաqtmmրաIնաIյ)tն) ջրllllllllllրl ցաfiցրց Iն fiերիջtին ցայնցխից: 5ջրlի մաIխմմյի tiորtlաIն lիաIխմtl_աI/) է աոliա մանltմtlllրlաաlեխմն!իկայկան աայրlքաitl_որոիմներlի mեմայlիlից, lի.իանիիti միայմաIններl)lց, րնmlիlիիtlաIյայltան lկայմmննեիիյից, աաiրflltայնց մոtl_որոtրյmններlից: երեք dայա աllillf\Illյխյաար երllխեեlի եայնqցման եայաաlրl, 50-500 pGUI4f1~ mմեցոq րնiաlիմիtl_աIյրlերիիիtա, ջրit օtմխմմմ յ!աqmմlոmմ է 5 tftlIնlt' այնկախմ ջեմրtի եարlիայնոtրյmfilից նt երաiltաIյոtնոtրյmն!ից: '-lեբmերջյաIն բոtոր ցmցmնtիջներրի րերtl,իիի0- են mաiրրեր մmայնqաiրmներlllնա I... lllil.յlllաայltfiերllltա: 5ջրlի llltlPյոtրfiերյ! lյ.աIրlllll են !liնեt րնակայն ն. արեեմմtայltայն: Pնայկայն աիիրյmրներր! նյlնmմ են tiաltերltոtյ)յաIյ!ին (ջ(իաIարարներ, t6եր, qեmեր ն. այtն) ն. մմmրqեllիայա ոաlրlաlենlյան ն. րմրնաiրmխմ աlI\յ!յոl(lաեր): արեեմmայկան աqրյmրներ!ից են աայքրlllll ltաIյայնfiերր! lt աIյն mեխմfiltltայկայնi աայրlքաtlորllltաներր!: քրlt աlllյ!յillրl)lն աեflltաIյա9tlllո\ եltանայկայfi lկlllեաIնջնեfնltց են մնiման աIար!նqեայmոtրյոtնր! lt qmմայն Pltl եախմմերր!:

lIայlիերեmյPաIյltն ջրեր(l lllllllիlllնայlիmմ են ջlllաի րաiltmերltmնl;ր, mնեն ոիmջiմlիյի միիիմmրmր.իm(i (եայmlիայմիեմ mեqmմներյի ctայաայնմիlի), lmlի մմmրqlոոնյաI ջրերոիմ այոկա են եանիջաIյ!ին tmiեlոո\ lllllեPD: 5ջրlի մջաtiմայն եtիմն աlիան աշխմաimամրներltց tն մարրmմիf lիախմlոաiծ նյmրերlից (միաiրqեցmtlր!), րաIկmերlիայներյի n~G~UJgmuu (lոաiրաlիայqերծmմ), աlllերlll քաIնայltlt ll!աllիաIաեցmարI (tlիաIի.խիlիայցmմ), tինlմtlill նայն. lկlllրlqեցmմմ, liայմtի ի, եոmlի lոերաiցmtlրI: 'ի-.իmիիբոlիայն t.յաI.յ(lեիմոմ ջmիիրի lիաtիիt.յmծ նյmրերlից tlmlի(իեtm նմիիիիmայltոկ. օqmաqորօmմ են այt.յայqայյ!ին qmt1~Ghp: 3mpUIQUJG~.1mp ջ աtllmմ մեlt այնqmմ qu1J1~11 մաlիեիիtmյի միt.յեիյի աաարl աllոայqյից րաqltայցմիi'I ջերlաll! եեոմtցնmմ Ցi նմմtlխաI()րներյի եեմի մtmիմtին ե illնոtմ նոր շերm: աtlեի.յl lllրllllllllխյlllllաltան t. lllրlllյillաայtlեm է ջրlի qmmարI մեայqliնmնliր!ի ut1~mgntl_: liյա f\եմmոմ.l, ջոtրlրI խմաոնtl_ոմ.l է ոեայqենmtին ( օօմրաիյրt.յաIյ!ին այնյոttl!ինi' ի00 մqft tմմիmրյաIար), որյի եեmեt.անրոtl ltայյմtl_այծ նյոtրերիի tl_երաiօt.յmմ են ի.խիաIյխյիի.ներlի lt նմmեիոt.յ ոtաiրqեցնllf\ tոlllրիաIյlի ներրlին qmոmմ' եեմmցtյ.mմ են tմmիոt.յայlիmջաiրեիիIի ut1211~1ntl: '-lերջնաiltայն lկարlqեոmtlրի mեբilի է mնiենmմ այlխայqաIյյlն qmt1~Gbpmu : մtiայն աայ(իրոիմtից եեմm ջmիիրի միիմրmնայtimմ t ի,5 մqli.-tից աtllll!նաա ltայlմt.յաI() նյոtրեր: այաաիեծյից ջmրն mիիաիիlիtlmtl t Rlllրl]l մրջոցոt.յ qայրlայն(այqերօtlայն, որ!ից եեմm lկlllեաtայնtiան րաlք, աIյնոtեեmli իիեlկlի մայqlmmրաttմյlին lմոqոt.յայlIայZա(l: '-lաiրաil!աiqերօmմ!իո եեմm \)րոttl միեմիv է աllllրllltնայlttl_!ի 0,3+0,5 մq/l Խlll(l: '-lmրաiltայqերօmtl)խ lիmիիեilի է tիրաqործեի. նայե ոqmրաitiանmջաlիայqmյն նiմtl!այqաIյPաաtlր' րաiցաոlitոtl ջրիիաա աոlիայ իջtոր!ի եոml!: քmրրI աlկ'եlոոբlիին ոիեmո l tlայmmցt.յlի այրիաիաք!ին (մայqlmմիրաIնաIյ!ինi) յմllո\ոtlաlիաջարերոtl_, որոնց միեmր է mնiենայն երlիm lիրաiր qmqայեեո 6յmqեր (երե րնաlիmt.յաIյրl!ի մոm ~l1wG tl_րարաIյ!ին ltաiրոqmրյոtններ): 5ջրաIաայաlայկարաIրիաան ցանցրի ltայրlllll l tյինlիt ի.խիաiltոtfllllյխին (6աոայqtմյPաIյ!ին) ltայա օqաltայ!ին (tl_tայlt): 5ջրաimmր աայqlmmրաitայliն tմllո\ոtlայկmշաiրերրի llflո\mա րաqtl_mմ են ենiայրաitl_որ մայոցաltայնաայնi qոմմմց ներիին.' րնqօրlինայltեtոtl tոեf\աIնյ.իիի ոե!lիե:յlրի: BmG~1!1 խմոqոt.յայltlllջlllflերյի mեիիայPայZխմոtաի! lկեmր t ltlllmարtllի l րեիimրյաIն այնlմmնոtl: աtl_մmմորյիtաI.յlին, երlիաiրqմ-աIյltն այնցmմներյի աlայltոtl այնցնեllm' յմllո\ոtlայltlllջաIրlերll! lկեmիի է mեqաiqրtյ.են երlltաI)յրեմmնlից րmնեtներlի աե)?: մաայն mեqmմամերոtմ lկեmր է օqmայqորօtl_են աltաIյն lկիիI\ll!աաիյlll խմոqոt.յայltներl: նl-եmայնցներոիմ L lխնqեայնրlmմtեմ' րաiց mեqայաաաերllաա, երր ենաiրաlոոր ~ է խմոqոtlայltներր! յխlllflեն lmqmմ, նրաIաք lll.եlllր է lկաաltl_են ջtրUUJUhl1muJ1~ նյmրերոtl (mtqայltե րեtեfl, աiqրեմmtից րերրեfl lէ աIյնն): lfաqյmmրllllllllյյtն յմllո\ոtlայկtմջlllրիյl Pllf\ոtնiայltոtPյillաf! lկեmր է llllկlllimi.յ.tի tlրաIրllllllի!i llllllյաաIններmմ lllll.lll11lt~Gbplt մtlllեայն)?I!: Տlllրրեր mqqmրյոtններոlո 6իի ·ի մlոորtlեlltմ' JnL[llllVUJG~JntP l'iայոայqlllյPlt մtիայցtlան (մկqրlի) ltե-

6կ

5 li]lllllllllյlllll!աա mմմյIաllllրյմմ

­ umul u1tmu t. mhqLUrJPtllt pwl.iwt11, Iml1 Iunqntlw1:tw2wpl1 4t.p9n11f ru4mn lltuu1 ltwll 6hupntl wG9rum4nI] wu1wlm4I1� 41rul1wG: l luiwnm1ul,p!1fi 9m11[1 1.humu1l1w11u1p4nul t u1pmwv!1li gwfig!1G '-'.l1wg�nq fihpgj1ti gwligl1 (lunI]n4wt1w2mpl,11, l1mmwlpiwli mw11wfitp, pwlituL11ub11, Jmunfil1�Gt.p li wnti) 11I12ngmj: "lJli111il1fi gtutigl1 lnuzqwplm l1mmwl.J.4nuI t· htGhtntl 21111 Ujtuhwfi)?ltg l1 WJfi wli11uql11.um t1uiu1mgli1m hliwpwlj 11(111lPJlll liltg' htmhJtuL hW'\)ll[lfllllltwlimpJWUp. l. 11111124.mu t JmpwpwG�Jm11 mb1lwuuiu[1 21111 awtuu11· 1ftl11l1-nlj. q = 5. q npml,1

f

·a,

(60)

q,, ... ulil1 uwfiirnrn11nuL1tuti uw11pntl uhl.J ctwunu.f ow}uuqnq 21111 ptu· fitultG t, np}1 tupdb1m ljhpqljnnl I: mtlJwi uwpp[1 pi.impwqp}1g: bph 2wluuqnpatlrui gwtigmu mhqw11p!J.tuo bfi mw11ph11 owiu­ unlj uwpghp, qhpgljnni t wubGwuho uwpgp awiuu[!, a gmgtuG[12 t, n11I1 wpdhpp Ljbpgljmu t uw11ph1tll ptll1 (N) li qpwu­ gJ1g til1U1dtuuwfitult oqmwqnpotlru1 utupphpp ptjf1 hwtjwfiml1w­ fimpJU1fi (P} wpu1tuqpJm!l1 1upcthnJ1g (/21 / qpwl1tul.impJwG 6-pfl htu!J.b1tlruopg).

q 0 ·n NP= ----3600·q 0

(61 )

tuuhfiwuho ow}uuml uwppw!J.npuwfi 211!1 dwuwJpG cHu}uul.i I:. 4h11gtlmu t utuppwtln111.iwu rumptuqpl1g, n - uu11m111.1]fili11J1 (Ulll[llll1wug lttuU tutiwumCil.ihpp) pptjti I:: 2. r5wfuu!1g hLGhtntl' [11.im1m1u bCi Iumlntlwl1 Cil,pJ1 mptuuwq}1ctrf htu2tl[1 w11ut1ml tuJfi, np uptufigmu 2p!1 hnuHlt w11tuqm�JntCi[1 �t4bmp t qhptuqwfigp t ,5-2 u/4pt1-I1g: 3. llpnzmu t,l.i Ciuzuwfi tuCil.J.muCihp[l Ghpp}1G gwCigmu h umtug!J.wct tupcfbPfl hwubuwumui wpu1wp'1Ci gwCig!1 6:l.i2umfi[1: trpt Cibpp!1fi gwl.igl1 6Ci2mlI[1 umwgtjmu t mtlh!l1 uM, mbqmqpmti liu 111tugmgl1� Ujnl.lt4: 1,mJCi hqwCiwt1ml [1fimpmti lt hw2tlwpl1nni hl.i mwp 2PP Ghp�I1G gwfig[l: n11mtnf

q.i

6. 40301".CU,

PtiltwtJ wJlll,1m1t1 l1nJm11!1(i tiwJuum1l,utjmu l upCinLn11mtuJ!1ti. l1t.lig wqtu­ .1!1Ci I, wpmw11ptul1mti ltlillUllU)clphpl1 ptiqmfiuwfi, hlmwguw(i I, ljUWUW(]lipo­ lltU {i h lUll lU (1: l tJti pw11l1mgwo I: mulilmnu1uuhl1qJ1Mi11l1 uwpnt.11]1g, fil,J1p!1G gtufig[1g, w1rn1wul1Ci 9tufigJ1g L uwmm11 t1wnmJ9filip!1g: l1hqumtipl,11[1 t1tqmnu14wcrm pJwti wumlleiwli u opqwfiwl1wu u.1mpt.11ntl p!imptuqpqmu t. 111uuug L1L;GutuptuCiu1l1wl.i oputu}tugtituCi (lhqnpm9utuCi) hw­ tilllp w(ih11tudl,2m pptlmiHil1 ptufitul1ntj (2+6 uq/L): L11l1LJ opu)111mq111t1p mb11l1 t mtiMimu LOO opljw [1Cipwg11mu, uwl1wJl.i pu1tltu11mptjmu hCi 20 opml, ptuGl1 np 1u111 pupmgpnni 01�u1111m91Imu bu 011qwuwt1wu CiJ11tphpl1 99'Y.,-r: l!111nu114mu lili l1liq mmi pl,pJ1 uwp11uu1G tiliturnfi!1l1u1l1wCi. 11l,Ci urnpmfiw­ l11u(i l, 1,t,fiuwpf1ut1wl1mu hqrntiml1tihp11: ll1,luw(if1l1wl1wCi tiwm1u'mfi dtutimGwl1 npumu bti .'1nu)4w<) I. l1nnnllfl tl.I16tul1mu qu1ti4nri G.1mpl,1111' oqunuqnpohtntl. uwrihp, tutjwqwn11ul1�ul,p, Jnt­ qtunpu)1ltilip, Gm4pumpu)1:Ghp, fiuutligt[w{i }ughp h lllJl uw11pwtjn1m1ufihp: l rl,11mw2pl;p}1 l[liUUU1!1U1Utul1mCi Ltwppmuti }1pwl1wtimg4rnt.i I: opqU1tiU1l1wli UJntphp[l 11!1t1rmopq1uCi)1qulibpl1 (rwl1uihpptufili11} uJ12ngntj tul:tUJP lttull lllUlUl.pnp 0112tulf.tuJ(1l1ll\ u2wl1t11uJ: lfo1p114.wa 9llll1[1 u2tulJ.4mu t PJl1[1lU2flI14 l1u1u Gwm11JmttII1 h[m1n1nnPIU1nlJ: tm.1m1lnt wpmwg)1Ci 9tuGg[1 Jutiq[1pfi t hmljwpbt l1tqum1211hp11 li u1h11w­ Ljmjulit l1huu1pntiwg4wo u1uupuwti lttUJtul.i: 1,pwlip t11Gmt1 lifi urn1p1�lip utuli­ uwfit11I1. l. l!G9wm utuhutufi, bpp upGntnpum1JI1Ci 2php11 1gqnu.1 t;u hmmml1 mqjt­ Gl,Jl, n11nugntj tuGgGhtntl' wnwGg tituppt.itufi 1gt{nn\' hG qhmlip[l, 1ohpp, }rnl1 l1liliqtuqwJl1G L . wpmwqpu1l1tufi t1h11mw9pbpti wuwfi6!1G Juruin4ml1w2w11h11n4 u1l,qtulJml uljmu Mi qtu1[1 uwvpm1 lttuJtufifihp: 2. t111uwwl.i9wu1 ulut.liwJl1 qlmmmu t1h!.igwriw1I11.i Lt tupmw111m1l1tuu l1t.q­ u1 w2php[1 hlmwgqmu bu wnw!.i6l11.i gwl.ighpn4.: l!.Ju ql,UjQmtI tutlh1l1 l1bqmnm wpmwqptul1wG l1liquuu9php[1 luwufiqmu bu l 1!,U9u1qmJ!1G t 1t11u1w2pbpl1G lt mliqmLJ.mJutjmu bu qbu1I1 umm1umfi l1m.1wl.i,

pult hWUbl\WUllllpWp l\Wpntp WpUIWl1PWltWfi ltbI1UJW2pbp[l juwn(hjmll b(i 11punp1pmwJj1u l1h11mw2pbppli l, tumu(ig t.lw1wuwu wtJmt.l ql,u1hp[1, 16h11[!: 3. (2Ciqhtuump hw1lwl1gtJwi'l ujuht.lwJl1 qbummt.1 pntn11 mt.uml1l1 l1b11mw2pbp[1 194mt.l hCi l1nJm11m uhlt gmugj1 t.1h2, npj1g hhmn l1wu pn1np[1 11)1wu)1Ci t.lwupljmt.1 tu, l1wt.l wnw(ig tlwQptlhtm wtJ.mu qhmhp[! lJ.wt.l t6hp[!:

l!1111ml111 u11upplq1 QlllJUhpp muCihf1IlW2Ciwl1 t.1)1wuumpJntUU l: l!1111ml1 l hwt.lwptlmt.1 Gwli wCigwul1w1P OWJU!l. np[! juwCiqwpmt.1 t t.lwp­ qm hwCiqumwCiw1mu l1wt.l 1u2JmuunuCiQl1Ci: l!JG wnw2wumt.l t l1n2m t.lwpt.lJ1CiCibp)1 mwmwumt.luhpj1g l, mwpwotJ.btntl 01]111lf umh11omu upw }uunugmu h Cinupwgmt.l: '1-pm hbmhwCipntl orµnt.1 uu1l,1104mtl l,(i wt11pmolt UIWlllWCimt.luhp lt 'lPW hlam l1wu1tlwo' OWJCiWJIJCi 6Ci2mt.1: (�um wnu12wguwu W11PJntpCibpj1' wqt.lmlJ.11 l1m1llllJ. t t11ub1. t.lb)uwuj1lJ.ml11uu awqmt.lntl' t.lhphumuhpl1 la uu1puwtlnpmt.luh11)1 tJl1P11w­ ql1U1Jl1g, WLI111I1l1Citut.lj1l1wl1wu owqmuntt' qwqbpmt.l mhqJ1 mCibgn11 umwgjmuwp l1wt.1 n� umwg}mutup u11mgbuuhp)1g, - t1blJ.mpwtituqujmwl1wu owqnufotl' lthl1mptut.lb}uwu)1l1wlJ.wCi utupLJhp)1 mwpphp)1 t.lwqu)mwl11uu wqqligmpJwu hlm1ltwu[>n4 wnw2wgnq mwmw­ umt.lCihp)1g, hl111pnt.lbfuwuj1l1wl1u1u t)u1qnnln4' hh11ml1Gbpnul mhaj1 mGbtJn'l umw­ t1lm(iwp l, n� umwg)mCiwp u11mgbuul,pj1g: :)1uJCiU1J)1u lllWUllllUlllll(iliJll}, nptqLu wt11vwol, 2wpdmt.l, pumptuqptlnnl li(i lU]jJ[))l hplJ.wpntpJwllp, UlWUIWCiUu1u u1mppbpntpJwtlp, wuuu)mm111n4., hw6m)umpJwt.lp: lfwI1Illlt wl1wCi2u [1Gl1w1mt.l t l 6-20000 ..:,g hw6w}umpJwt.lp u1wmwCimu­ Glipp ([!CilJ.wttJ.lllJ. owJCihp), qpwCi)1g gwop h pwpop hwow)umpJwt.lp owJCihp[l �l,u rut1wttJ.mt.l t.lwpqm l1lllJ.tl)1g lt lJ.n�tlmt.1 bu hwt.lwu-1.wmwu}uwuwpwp' )1Ci:j>­ pm6wJCibp l, nqmpwowJCilip: l!l1wfi2Ci wtJ.hIP qqwJmG l 500-4000 ..:,g hwowJumpJwUp owJ(ihpl1 Cil1wm­ t.lwup: �wJCi)1 h)1t.lCiwlJ.wCi pCim!}wqphpCi bCi' wwwwutfwu wpwqn1p1n16[!, wpwqwgnttl[J, dWJUWJftU 6u2n1tl[!, ftuwbuuftt/_ntpjnlU[! h UUJli/jwnp[!: �WJU[! uuupwolj_mt.l t [1Gqhpl1tuJCiw4wCi h [1UI1LWJCiwl1wCi wwmwCimt.lCihpntJ.: 6S

IJp!intnptnwJ!lli Cinpuu11 ll(WJUW!i!ibpmu CILUJU!l wprnqmp.JlllU[I OrJillU l1wqumu t C =- 330 u/qplr :-JwJtil1 mwpwMwti u1!1.(JlHJPl1 .1mpu1i,wCi;Jmp l1lium1u oril1 Liwuli11l1!ihpl1 2mpduwG wpwqmt)JntCiCi m 0Ci2mu(l 41mlm)uLjmu t dwuwCiwlJ!1 [lCipw�rnnuL Lp!1Lj 0Ci2uLuG wl1CipW[lt)WJ!1G wpdbRll L uJ12J1Ci 6Gzuwti U1Wpphr1mpJOLU(l ljnz­ Ljmu t 6wJCiwJ!1G oCiznur P ("lw): LunrimpJwG Ljpw UJqrµm'i I: 6wJCiw.1!1G oG2uwG uJ12!1G 1JW11wl1111uwJJ1G wpdliIJ(l.

U : -, 1 Tf p-'(t JJt p- = T

(62)

P-wfiwol,.mU qo)11.jp qmJg t UllUUlll Llll:i>llCi dWUUJfitUll(l, npp pftpWQ!lOlli uw1u1m llllllllUltwG WUJ.wpwu1li t!UI.JWJtllll I: Ulr)Ulllll(l' TO = 30+ J00 u11t11m.411l1: ;.1u1JliWJ!1ti w1)1rCih11Ci l111t;tic1 hl,111 111liqunjrn)unni hli npn21ul1!1 l:lil,11ql1UJ: ln,l1 Ljw.1J1l1JU1timu ubl1 Qurnwl1muj1 uwliu1put.u111!1 t.il12n4 UJCigGnq l1!1Gliml1l1 ttilipqJiwJl1 uMmpJntfi(l l.jn�qmu t 6u1Jfil1 j1fiu1hCiu'14mpJmCi l1wo 6w.1!iJ1 md ( '-lmlu 1): �lUJJCil1 t1Gu1l;Gu!14mpJU1Ci l, ofi211wG til•il, qnJmp_rmCi mCil1 hbu1l,.11u1 l1umw.

p= J=npu1li1i'

p-C,

(63)

p-C - t.ip2U14.wJpl1 u1liuwl1u1p1up wl1mumj1t1 11!1uwqpn1pJmlili t' 011!1 · hUJuwp p C .:..: 410, 211!1 hUJUUlp' 1,5· lOG l1 u1nriu1tuu1j1 hw­

Ulllp' 4,8· 10 7 1rlU1.tJ.pl1/u [21): :JmJCil1 6Gzmup l, J1Gu1liGu!1tJ.mp_1mG(l l11upn11 lifi 4111Lj111Jut.lht t'ili<) uUJhuutCi­ Ghpnll\' 6li2mU(l 1 0 8 L !1CimhCiuj1LjmpJmCi(l' 10 16 ltlllflQP mJ1pn1Jplihpmti: l!w11t.np l CiUJl, WJfi hwCiqUJUUICitJ(l, np t'iwf1I1-111 wl11uG21! 1!Gl11u1mu l l1timhG­ u!14mpJwG nt pli pwgwp6wt1, lll.Jl luup1url,pU1ltUJli 1H",i)mt1Jntfi(l: l!..1q 111wu1ciwnn4 t.img4.1ui) l pGmt!iup4mpJU1fi 1nqwpl1t1uU11.jUJG wpmlllhtUJUUHpJntli(l, np(l �w414mu t qli9!1phLhpn4 (1-µ2): Utl1 f.!hm Gnpuwt tiwpqm wl1UJG2n4 [!Cil.JU114n11 UJtihCiwt.lmJJp nU1Jlil1 rndfi L: 'l-n110Gwl.JU1Gmu l1)1pU111Ljmu t fipUJ u1wulinf111-U1l.JU1Ci �U1411f 0,1 P ( I rifq: �wJCi)1 !1Ciu1hGut14mpJwG tiwl1w11rJU11.j(l npnzt.lmti t.

J J '

L ' =lOlg0

(64)

J,, -- tunqnip_1wli zbU!1G hwuwu1wu1wu)uUJCinri 6wJGl1 pfimhGu'14mp­ .1mti(j I: (.1 0 10-11 '-lu1/u 1 , 1 000 -'..g h1uciw!ump.11uG qhuumui), .l -- Lj1wu1111u9!1 (mnl1m) owJCip !1CimbGu!1LjmpJmGG t: :JwJCiWJp(i ofi2Uwfi UWljWf111-Wl1!1 ubompJntCi(l npnzLjmu t.

nptnbrf

-

L

p = 20lgp,

(65)

CIWJCil1 uwhuwCiUJJ!1G 6Ci2muli t tuhuunpJWCi zbumu, npti (lUU1p4mu t WJliu1bu, np 6G21'iUJCi UWl(W[U]Wlj(l bwLjmuwp u1Gt1 pGu1hGu!14mpJU1Ci uu1l1u111riwl.Jl1ti, WJu!1Ci1JG' PO = 2· 1 0-5 'llw: 1-.uu1bGu!14nq}Jwli uu1l1wruiwl1!1 ut.umpJmGG oqmwqnpc)Ljmu l 1ul1mumt1- . 1.jwl1wG luu;Ljwpl1GlipnLU, tmt1 nwJGw.1!1Ci 6G2uwG uwl1wpriu1l1!1 t'ihompJntfi(l' wriuml.j)1 �1uLj1uUJG I, uu11111m Ljpu1 mtihgwo wqqhgmpJwG hbmwqnuniwli hu1uwp, 12wCil1 1111, J1tilu1hu 1uu4hg, Ulu[U]m wl1wCi5>(l qqwJmG t n� ph l11uJGl1 !1G­ ml,GuJnjmpJwG, UlJl ci(i2u1u(i u112J1Ci IJUIIIWltntUWJ)lti wpdl,JJ)l CilJLUUIUtut.ip: Swppbp mrtrJmpGlip!1y t.ipUJdwuwGwlj wnUJ�W9nrt wrtt.iml1!1 oG;t.iwCi uw­ l.jWflII-UJl.j(l U14JU1t l1lmrnn1 (w2JuwmUJmhrihpntt.i) npn;qmu t. . O . ILJ +IOO, IL2 +···+100 I L,.) , (66) L c!ir, = lO!a(IO � npu1h1i'

npmt.ri'

p

O -

L. - աբiմmlիlի 0նiջմանi մաltաflllաltնiliրնi ե(i մlանlրl..նր wrtpJmpuhpnui, 'l-p: -'..mqwuwp 6wJliU1J!1Ci oG21huG uwl1U1fll'lU1lJCibp (L;) rnuhynri mwpphp wqpJmpGh11J1y UJl1lU:?W90'l 1}Ciqhu1tin111 C1UJJCiU1J!1G 6G;1iu1G uwl1wfU1Wl11! O.(Jl1}4.11LU t hhml1JWL wpmU1hw.1u1mpJwup. նի , նշ , .... .,

L�"�=L;+lOlgn,

(67)

npu1t1f 11 - WrJ.PJmpGli11!1 pj14fi l: Luh1!1 OUJJCilip!1 qnml1ti muhu1ufiu141wl14mu t n� t.i!1wJG npnzU1ltJ1 hwciw­ fump.1mGGbpn4 ( 16+20000 -:'..g), LllJII, 6wJfiWJ!tG ciCizuwu h CIUJJfiWJj1Ci t.iwl.Jw11qU1lllihp!1 npnzwl.Jl1 U1pdhplib1m4: lflll.(Jlllll tunqwl.jUJfi U1UIW£1UIU1J1 qqm.1mCintpJntfil! Ullllpplip hwciwfump­ JWup OU1JCilip!1 hUJUUlp UHUJ]php t: l!.J'l l.4UIU10Wllll4 UU1g4mu t WllUntl(jl �wt11uu1G l,u tit.It ym9UJG!12, np(l pGmplllqpntt.i t Cipw pwpopntpJntCi(l: l�JG tWtl1Ljmu t .'pnGli.(lluj: Ublt .'pnGn I '1-p pGmbCiu'14mpJwG uwl1wf111-wl1n4 wri­ timl1!1 pUlpopntpjntGCi t 1000 -:'..g hUJciwJuntpJUICi qhuipmu: 1000 .;'.,g hUJ6Ul­ }umpJtUG hwuwr1 wqt.iml.Jl1 pwpor1mp.1mGGhpG nGqmCitJ.wi) hG bUJLjUJuwp 6w.1Gu1J!1G ciGzt.illlG UWl(lUIUJ.Ulllfibp!1G:

ut1. 1 5-mu gmJg bu L11µ4.wo mwppbµ hw6w)umpJwup 6w.1lit.pJ1 hw4.w­ uwp pwp6pmpJm(iuhpl1 l1npbp[1: �

r/'l'.V/ -� �.,.

..r/..r

ftQ V/, �M}1.(.r//

X�f.A' .YI,,{

wil,h qqw9nqn1p1wG uwhllw(j n,

--

' °....:--� ,1.,.,-...:, lo.. r-9 \.'r,..

i-.

-

11 II

�

C

CJ �'!§ r!"

�

-

DI}

""

"::I

·c

,g_

1//,v-�� ... 3 v, V/h ,�"._"' ti;,

i.,

•l1}

C.

��-- �.V/YMv�

V, '°/V. t/,

'IOI/

--

,Fl;,

c:.

-:,,v�� �<'6.""�A'... "'""

�-:,,v�

-

/00

\:2

� /1., ',;o � � I'.... '"" . "r-, � �ti :t"'c r,..... ,_,. .• ii: t%-

V,t V,r" ....... k:"/. Vo �

X1(J

Q

•

• V//'.

��

� L,

� I

-�

-

I..../

V

);

r,....1-L,; '

w

/

J

p

1..h t:7'/'l

�i��

vW,

ft}()(}

.;.m6mtuntl}JUt!i11, .;.g . uq 5 JUIJCihplt hu.t4mu1up PlUilOlllllpJtuCi 4uz1htlJl ubpgJi(i ltll[l[l hwuwu1wmwutuwumu t tubJ.lrntpJWU 2Mt1u (ul1qrt1u): t>u1UJhU bpLmu t, tuhL1m1pJWU }bu[l UlW[Ipb11 hw6w)unq}JWU GWJuhµj1 hwuwp mwpphp t: 1Jl1l,um1u aw.1uw.1j1u 6u2uwu uwl1w[U1wl1 muhg11IJ. pwµ6µ hw6wtumpJwli 6w.1ubpu w4.bL11 11u11mut.L11 (mhw6) hu tlw[Ulm hwuwp, [>LUG gwop hw6w)umpJwUp 6wJGbp[!. JJwuj1 np uµwug qtummu tuh1!1111p.1wu 2bul! 800-4000 .:_g hw6w)ump.1wtlp 6w.1ut,pJ1 ul1wmuwup (w4.liJ.l1 ub11pl, t) UW[lllU w4.bIJi qqWJillU t: '-lbpjlu tinµ[! htuuwtLJLUUiwutuwlimu t gw4.nm qqwgmuuhpj1 qnmmu (L = 120+130 '1-p), np!1y pW[IGJl uwlJUl[llllUl[ mubgl1IJ. OlUJUh[I(l l (lllf111lJ. t,(i LUD­ lJ.Wl[LUU wu11uµwmmu wnw2wgGbt gw4.bµ l1wu 4..Ciwu4.wogCihp: bpltm l1npbp!1 u112L. [lul[LUO UljlflllLJPI! l1n�4..mu t J_U11IJ.Wl1wCi [1UltWLllWU qnmj1: l1w)u4.wo wqumtit1 uwl1wlllJ.wl1!1g L. pCimpwqµj1g, Cipw ml111IJ.mpJmGj1g h opqwCijlquj1 wnwu0Ciu1hwml1mp.1muubpl1g' w.1u tiwf111IJ. t Uw[Ulm 4..pw mub­ uwl UllUflpbµ wqqbgntpJmuuhp:

·1JntJUjml1 gwoµ 6G2uwu uwl1mpqm4n4. (50+60 '1-flll) wriumlm uw111p11 ut.114.tuJj1u hu1uwl1mpqj1 t1.11w umbqomu I: ptnli4.wompJmG' p11IJ.Ubtntl. Ilfll12W­ ltJ1 hnqbpwuwtiwu 1uqqbgmp.1mu: t!qqbgmpJwu tmtl..11! t1w)u4.wo I: uwpqm hwuwl1!1g, wn11IJ.2ml1wu tl.'16w­ ti!1g. w2Juwmwupt1 pumJpJig, mtl..Jwt UJWht1u uµw �j1q!1ltwtiwu h hnqbl1wu t1.!1 6wl1Jig, mtl.Jwt aw.1ut1 JmµwhwmltmpJmujlg' [lUqhwumµ .'\muj1 4.µw, wq­ umlt wnwywgu1111 wqp.1mµj1g (j1ugu t umbqomu, pb mµj12J!): uhptl. w.1J1li qbppbnu4.wompJwCi (w2tuwmwli11!1 L. hwuqumjl 01 6j12u1 ltwq­ t'itultb[ltl( UWU, wupw4.wpwp hwuqumj1) hhmhwu11ntl. UWillJ.ltwug unm ltwf111IJ. l;u wnw2wuw1 uL1mqubp, hlu4hµumut1l1, !ungw.1!1G, umwunguwwrJ.l111wJt1u, uw2l1w.1jlli hlltl.wG11mpJmUubp: l!tl.bL11 12wli 85 'l-flU. Luquml1j1 qburnmu 4.mgpwunui t LUilIJ.Wltwu qqwgn11mpJntU[l. lnuml1w14hu PWflOfl hw6wfumpJWUp OWJlihpl1 utiwmuwup: bpl1wµwmt. wqqt.gmpJWU qhtLJQDLU wquml1[1 ltwpnq t wnw2wgGbt uwu­ uwqJm1wl1wu h!14.wu11mpJ muuhp: (JLU[Ulm O[l(}Wli!1qt'il1 t1.11w wquml1!1 hpl1wpwu1l, wqqbgmpJlllU[! uhowg­ linn\ 1: lmquwi'rmpJmU[! h !12byumt'i w2tuwmmuwl1mp.1muu m mzwqµmpJm­ lip 4.mwuqGh11t1 lil1wmuwup: l�11LlmltJ1 IJtup6p ( 145 'l-!2-j1g ubo) wpctb12C1bpj1 qbummu ltwf111IJ. t wnw2w­ Liwt wl1wli2!1 puptiwpwqwupjl UJWm114..wo12:

7.2. li'UfOI•lit>- uOPU11<-U1POHf

Uquml1!1 ututiu1[U1ml1l1 Cinµuw4..nµmt1(! ltwmwptJmu I: bµltm bqwuwlt mf uwhuwuw.1!1u uu1bl1mfll1tl. l, owJUWJjlu uwtiwlllJ.wl1ntl' '1-PU-04.: Unw2t1u bqwuwltJ! oqmwqn1104.mu t uzmwltwCi w11uml1!1 unµuwtl._nµuwu ctwuwuwti: Swµphµ hw6wtump.1wup 6wJGbp!1g wnw2wgwo wquml1!1 pmJtwmµhJ.l1 OWJUWJllU 6uzmU{I unpuw4.np4.mu t [lUlll UUlWUlJ.WflUl LWJUillpJwUp hw6w­ tumpJWU qnmJ1ubpj1, npnCig 4.hµ!1G h ut1111!1Ci uwhuwuw.1j1u hw6wtwup.1muub­ pj1 hwµwphµmpJmli[! hw4.wuwµ t 2-11: LTULUU qnmj1ubpJ1 l1n�4.mu bu ot1mw­ tl.w.1!1li qnu1j1ubp, n1mug u112!1G hµltJlw�wt11w4wu hw6w)umpJmuCibµu t.u' 63, 125, 250, 500, 1 000, 2000, 4000, 8000 .:,g: '--lbflllhl12.1w 1 8 pmJtwmpbw uw4wpqml1Cibp!1 hwuwtigmpJmUJ! 40�4..mu t Uuthuw(iw.1!1G UUJbl1ump, npnug w11cthgCibµ[l php4..mu t.Ci umwuqwµmuhpmu [3 1 ]: u4. 16-mu php4.wo t.G 45, 60 h 80 '1-p uwltWP11WltUbpj1 uwhuwuw.1j1u Ull (bl[Ulll[IUhp(l: fcttJhp[! (45. 60, 80 '1-p) hwuqjluwumu bu OWJUWJ!lU 6'uzuwu i3

I

"" ""

UU1l(U1[11lllll(Uh[1[1 IOOO -'..g U!12!1li RlllUUil(ntUUIJ!IU hUIOUifumpJtUllp 04UIUitlUI­ J!1li qnm!1lihpmtI: L,'I� Uqtiml.Jp (!Uqhwfimp tiwl1wpqwb11l11m[111 hqUIUUIlinpt1U1tln11t1UIU p 1.J lJUIUIUip­ �wtpntlll! tI qhumm np!1 41!, //11 � \:fo 80 � tlmtI t Uiqlll.JtUtUitli!I U uwlillllUII.Jntl (l!liqop!1liUil1mtI t llUIPIJ.lll Uil(UIU21I � fl(/ qqUignqm}}JUIU 1.Jnpl!), UUIUICimtI �r--... '60 60 � hug U1qt1ml1fl UUII.Jmpqwlm 'l-PU­ r-ntl: UJfi oqmUiqn11btlmtI t tizmw­ l(UIU li f!Uqhwmtlm1 wqtiml1!1 1.JnqtI­ fl �s I'-..... q(iUiblUUlllWfi htUtllU[l, QUI­ finpnzp� (ip ll(l, lUJU qhttl!)llltf, tul(UbUIJUl t 63 125 2000 8000 { ,h� llll l 11 ntl(ll Ull( h4 Ulll [1[l: Uqtiml1J1 cl-f�L: lltUl(W[111Uil1[1 1,4. 16 l!11tilllqJ1 !}IllJ[lllllllllilll hlim uwhtituliUIJ!Ili uu1lil1umpl1 t.ituqlUfllltuqlihp[l UllUJIPliJl l(tulljtltub t hbu1l,JWL opp.CT w� UI­ huu:imJuntf!JmlilihpJ1 qtuwnui tpntpJUillp.

"'

-

(!

Lu

=

UU+5:

(68)

li[1U1U11}[1UII.JwCi U1qt1ml1p CinptIUitln(llltlll! lJUIUIUiptlmtI t' hUiztll1 wnCibtntl t1w11qm opqUICi!1qtil1 I.Jnqtlpg mwppbp hwl'.iwlumpJwtip, pUIJg tIJ1LlimJCi I1Ci­ mhliuJltlmpJUillp, wquml1!1 UIUipphp oltntl l!Cil1wtmtI1!: Qum hwl'.iwpmtpJUICi' W[1U1WIJ[1UII.JwCi UII\_llntl.JI! pUidtuCi4mtI t hplig JutipJ1:

l!I/.JJJIUW/j /6

U}lllltulllltu4tuli wqt.in1qf1 hrueiw)untpJwli fuupli}ll! iuupbpf!

�wciwtunLJ!JntGf!, .!.g

llJJPJntpf!

lantJLWUlp. �wqi. 'l-p

I- J1Ci gmap hwrl'tu(umpJmCi

500-119 gtubp

'1-tuUJ}Wl}tuzwpc.t wqpbqunn · wmuGg JJl!CiwutiL1 zwpc.tnuHibp/1

90-100

2-11111\Ii2!1Ci hturiwtumpJmfi

500-800

UtpbfiutCibpli L. humumgfitiJtjl ubbwuwuumpJIILU[!

S5-90

3-1111 ptupop hturl'u1tump,1mCi

800-Jig pwpo p

f!wpap wpwqmpJwop Ubj!bGtuGbp

75-80

l!1ymuwlj I 7 U11unu1}lltuq1Uli tuqtimql1 l1liwliliuMnt!JJtuli utulil1uuupmqtuli lin}lt.itulili111! Ultu}lpli}l htueitu)untpJntlililiplt qliu11,1n1u U}12IiG bp4JlwtwtI1wtimG hwrl'wtumpJntGf!, .!.g UpU!tuJJPWtiwu zbCiJ1[! .:u121ltt1t1Jtllhtut11uli ub!iJU1l1fibp. L1n11u1npml1mnp111L11u(i rJ111p11tit, 1, J.1up11pu11nn1i 11Mi_1n1t1l1bp l�p111unwtm\u111l1Jl

1 00

S2

IOOO

!JtuJCiWJ!iG rl'GzthuCi UWltWJlllWltf!, '}.fl

so

UquntltJ1 u1wpiutihm11t�11!1 qCiwhUimtiwCi CiUJwunul1 ntl oqmwqn11omtI bu W-63, W- 70, v!WB-1 tu11ul1tu�tutlih[11! l, C-34 uUJhl1mpntihmpl!:

7.3. l!'llJTlHd> <l-lJU' 1Tll!3.P-l.!.Pl--i b'll!ul!liubPC

Uquml1l1 qhll u1w.112m[1lltll hCi hhmL.1wt 5 hqwCiwl1Cih[1lltl, I. llI/.lfnt!J/J fi,twqbgntlffi WIJPJDtpntlf - hwfiq!1uUICimtI t UIUbCiUintuglrnCiwt UbpnIJI!: U1,p.1UICi!1qUCibpntl.l WqllmlJCi lUl1lll2WCinttl t lUl1lUOQlU4tuCi UIUIU1W­ (imt\'Cilipl1 2Cinµh'14, n1111Civ ht,mhwCig hCi ubJuwliJ1l1wl.JwCi, wtp1UJJ1Ciwulil1UI­ l1wCi l, l:tlil(Ul[lWl(UICi Li[llllltjp(ihpj1: U1,JuwCi!1l1UiltutCi w11timlJl1 CitlUiqbguwCi hwuwp wGhpmdli2m 1:. w) 4mp.1wpJ1Cih1 111m2umur umutmuntl, qwtimtil!' bnwl1gmun4, �W[111Ilttip' l1 m(llltllntl, p) hwp4UibtUJpCi 141mqhuCili(II! tpnJuw11!1Ciht nz hwrtltubwJ!1Cinl}, UI.JUUjhu' 1wpctwpltwJ)1Ci hwqnpqml1lil,11'I l}m!uUipbCi l1J1pwnht UjCilil1UIUIJ1l1 l1wtI h!UJ(lll· hlllf\_ll[111Ul4 a bp, q) hhmwqmpo-hwtipupmy 2wpctmtip tlmp.1wp!1Ciht u1mu1wl1U1Cintl, q) mqqUimwtI wuiwtICiwCi)ltlCilipl1 tlmJuw11tCi I.JJ1pw11bt zbqmutUIU 1.Jwti hql,Ciwoh wmw1.1Cibpn4 mu1wtICiwCiJ1tlCihII, h) tihghCiwCilipl1 z414m1 11wuhpJ1 UUII.JbplllltJPCihpp uzwl1bt pw11a11 l'.izmmp­ Jwup L uwm1mpJwtip, q) wu1Uit1Ciu1GJltltuJl1li h lf\_}}UIJtutlnp tpnp.iwCigmuCib[II! tlrnJuUIJ1!1CihL qm­ l1wJ!1Cimj, t) UliU1WllJUl tih[>liCilUtltuulipp tpnfuwpJ1Ciht «UICiwqumlJ>> ubgbCilUUUIUb(llltl,

[l) l1wmwpht u1mu11�n11 uwuhpJ1 hw4wuwpwl121rnnl h 2414nIJ uwuhpJ1 Jm11mu: U.t1mrlll(iwuJ1l1 w11umlm G4wqhgGbtm GUJ.wmwlJ.n4 wGhpwclb2m t 41np­ pwgGbt oqJ1 l1wu hliIJml1J1 lmupp wpwqmtJJlUU[!, pm116p1uglih11\1upuGJ1 wtpn­ qj1GwuJ1lJ.wl1mCi gmgwGJ12Glip[!: tthlJ.mpwuwqGJmml1wG wquml1Gbpj1 G4mqhguwG Gtl(wmwl1ntJ. 4m4mJu4mu bG uhµbGwGlipJ1 lJ.w11mg4wa1w, npUJ.huqll 4mppwliw �ili1muwqlijmw­ l1wG qwGqtJ. waGbpJ1 wGhwuwu1bqmpJmG1r 2. lh}tfntlJft wwpwbtfwfi nuzf/ntpJwfi ,pn,pnjunufp l1wmwp4mu t wliqpw11wp6J1t tl(PwGGhpJ1 l1J1pwnuwup: l:Ju qhUJ.1..m1u 14hmg L hw2tJ.l1 wnGht Gwl, lll.JU hwGqwuwGp[!, np «wqulJ.wpwp>> uwuhp(i llll]IJ4b(i lllpUlW!](llUI.IUlUjlg qh­ u1J1 qmpu: 3. UpwWIJPwtfwulipft nwgjmfiwJ UJJWfiwt/npnttfp I, 2/ifiplipft wqmuwftlJ tf2wfJnt1fp: U.IJuml1J1 uwlJ.w11IJwl11! 4m1]pwGmu t w2JULuu1wu1hqj1 uwl1hphu11 uhowgCib1ntJ.: U.nwtl.lit WIJ1.H1nm wpmwqpwuwuhp[! UJ.bu1µ t l1UimpnGwgCih1 uJ1 u1l111mu l, IJpWUtJ u1h11u1pw2Juh1 6l,n(i1upl1mpJlUU OWJPllllllllUllll.l' pwum hwl1wnwl1 mqqmpJlUUp l1wu hJ1uG1ul1wG mpmwqpwuwubpJ1g npn2wl1J1 hb­ nwtJ.npmpJwG tJ.pw: l�l1mumJ1l1 u2wl1muG J1pwl1wliwg4mu t 2J1GmpJwli 141umhp11 ClWJliwl1Lw­ uJ1t Ci.1mpbpn4 (hmuwpJw pn1np 2J1Gwpwpwl1mG G.1mpbp[!) u1wu1litntl.: 4. lh}tfntqft fit/wqlignttfp fipw wwpwbtfwfi tiwfiwUJwphftfi l1!1pwnhtntl. 6w.1Gwulil1mup� UJ.WmtJ.wpGbp l1wu JutwgmgJ1�Ghp: 5. Ufihwwwqwfi UJW/WUJWfintpJwfi tift2ngfilip - l1J1pwnhtntl. wl1wG2J1 Ghp11J1plihp (mwlltl(nG), uwqwtJ.wpmGbp, wlJ111umj1lJ. wlJ.wG21ul1wtlihp:

bG:f>pm6tuJGG J1phGj1g GhplJ.wJwgfimu t wnw6qwl1wG uJ12wtJ.wJpp (hJ1u­ Ciwl1wGmu· oqj1, 2pJ1) uhJuwGJ1l1wl1wli mwmwGmuGhp, npnGp mwpwi'JtJ.mu h(i 16 .:.g-J1g gwl'lp hwt'iwJumpJWUp: !"lli.'ppw6wJGG wnw2wGmu t bplww2wpdbpJ1, hpwpmJuGbpJ1 ctwwvuwG, on4wJJ1G 4mpnpJ1l1Gbpj1 ctwuwGwlJ., J1G�UJ.hu Cimt. GhpgJ1Ci w3puwG 2wpclJ1�Gb­ pj1, nbwl1mJ14 2wpctJ1tGbpj1, pwuhwpGhpJ1, l1nUUJ.pbunpGhp[1 w2fuwmwGgj1 [!Upwgumu, bpp GpwGg w2fuwmwGgwJJ1G 4mqbpj1 hwt'iwfumpJmGJ! tP qb­ pwqwGgmu 16 .(,g-J1g: I-iG.'ppw6wJG[! tJ.GwuwlJ.wp wqqbgmpJmG t l}nIIGnni uw11qm wupmr2 op­ qwGJ1quj1 tJ.pw, WJ'l ptJ.mu Gwli tumrwlJ.wG wu1wpwmJ1 tJ.pw: 1,uwG u1wmw76

Gmu(ibp(i opqwGJ1quj1 lJ.mttIJig 11Gl1wttJ.mu hG npUJ.bu tpwgmgJ1t .'pj1qjll1wl1wG phnlitJ.wi'JmpJmli, npj1 bplJwpwmL wqqbgmpJmGJ1g wnw2 b(i qw1Jm hnqGw­ ampJntli, q1Juwgw4, q!luwUJ.mmJm, 4bumJ1pmuwp WUJ.wpwu1J1 .'pmGl1gJiwJJ1 juwjummu, 1urn1mp.1wG l, mbunIJmpJwG pntLwgmu, w11Jw(i 2p2wGwnmpJwG JuwJuurnnl aw.1pwCiqwuGL11mu, 4wJuJ1 qqwgnIJmpJmG, qpqu4wi'JmpJmG, gGJ1 JULUUlJUlpntll, uwpum1mpJWG 4wmwgmu: lftupql11ulig hwuwp um1Gb!l1 �b(i 4mgp hwt'imJumpJwup mwmwGmuGbpJl , npnuu mlit.G J1G.'p11w6wJGJ1 150 'l-p-J1g w4htl1 t'iG2uwG uwl1wpqwlJ.: l:Ju qbUJ.pmu umw2u1(imu t uwh4wG tJ.mwGq, hwut11wUJ.bu, bpp mwmw­ GmuGbpj1 hwt'iwjumpJmG[! hwlIJ!GlJ.Gmu t uwpqm Ghppj1G opqwGGbpp mw­ mwGnn1Gbpj1 hwt'iwJumpJWG[! (2+ IO .:,g)' umbqi'Jhtntl nbqnGwGuwJJ1G bplt11tJplihp: CG�u111wl1wG opqwuGLpJ1 hwuwp tJ.CiwuwlJ.wp b(i 1+3 .::,g, upmj1 hwtlwp· 3+5 ..:.g, l1MiuwlmuwGguhpJ1 hwuwp' 8 ..:_g, umwunpuJ1 hwuwp' 5+9 ..:.y hwt'iwJump.1wup j1G.'p11w6wJGhpJ1: I-iG.'ppw6UIJUJ1 hwuwpJlll �11 lJ.twCi4mu oqj1 l1nquJ1g, :!1 uwp4mu wpqhmGh­ pj1 hwli11Jm1b!.lm {pmlij1 np muJ1 wu1gj1 ubo hpljw1mtpJmli), qhn wtJ.h!l1G, llllllll2lll9Ulllll l. llJLUU1hpJ1 t1wu lUJL wpqbwGhpj1 UllUUllllGmuGbp' GmJG npp­ un4: U..1Ci um1p1ua4111u t tlbi'J hhnw4npmpJwG 4pw' wnwug qqwL11 pnqwg­ uwG: .:.tu1hwp1up 1uquml1!1 qbu uiwmwpj1 hj1uGml1wG uJ12ngGbpntJ. hGwpwtJ.np �t 4mppwg CiLt j1Ci�ipw6wJGJ1 wqqhgmpJmG11: ''lwmwpJ1 wuhGwwpqJmCiw­ tJ.hm t,qwuwlm j1G�ipw6wJGJ1 G4wqbgmuG t wnw2wguwG wqpJmpntu: J-)(i�)fllUOWJlil1 qhu llJlU.JVlllpJ1 uJ1�>ngGbp(i bG. - ul,pbuwubpj1 l, ubjuwGJ1quGhpJ1 w2Juwmwupj1 wpwqwgmu11, - ubi'J �w41hp mlil,g1111 l1wnmg4wi'JpGhpj1 l1n2mmp.1wu uhowgmu11, - 4111pp hw6wjumpJWUp 4pppwgpwJJ1 4hpwgmU[!, - nbwl1mJ14 (hl1uGwl1wlimu' nhqnGwGuwJJ1G h Jugw.1J1G) WIJUl1wuwpJitGbpj1 oqmwqnpamUJl , - J1G.'ppw6wJlil1 wqpJ11111 hwGqjmwgmt uwppw4npmuGbpJ1 L 2tGgbpJ1 nw­ gjmGw1 u1Lqwpw2JumU[!, - hbnwl1w11W4wpuwG hwuwt1wpqhpJ1 oqmwqnpi'JmlI[!, -- w2fuwmrurlihpj1 GwjuCiwlJ.wG h UJ.WpphpwlJ.wG pmclqGGuwG l1wquwlJ.hpUJ.lllUJ1: PwgJ1 pGwlJ.wli lllLU1J1tu6wJGhpJ1g, lJ.wPnII hG hwGqJm1bt CiwL 20000 .(,g-pg ubi'J hwt'iwJump3wup 6wJGbp, npnGp wnw2wGmu b(i wphbumwlJ.wu wqp­ JmpGbpJ1g : ..:.wowtu qpwGg wnw2wGmu b(i qwGwqwG uhpbGwGhp}1 w2tuw­ mwGp}1 hbmhwGuntJ., Jml1 bppMG umhqi'J4mu bG mhfuGntnq}1wlJ.wG GUJ.w­ mwl1Ghpn4: OpJ1GwlJ.' nqmpw6wJGG oqmwqnpb"tJ.mu t pd2lJ.mpJwG ubf

mwppbp h!uJ.wtiqmp.rm(i(i hp pnutbtlm, wpmw1umtpJmtinu.l' tH,pMiwtlwubpfl t.iwm1lqjm, ul1tll1wl1mli !!hwt1gl1wubp[1 t. t1hl1m11nl11ml1l1 14pngbulibpu wptu­ qwglibllm, qJnu1wmumbump1mumu· uwfuIJtuti gwUQ[! ubptlb[lJ! t12mt1h1lm l, WJJU: l1qmpw<.\w1uw1l1li mwmwlimtluhp[! t1n2m, hbqml1 L qmqw1!1(i UJmpbpmtl mnw2wgumtl h(i ptup<.\p hw61utump1wt.ip tll1ppwgj1w, 1111'1 hl,ml,wu1mtl p1u116[1U1limtl I. Gpllllig yb11tlwumj16mli[!: lhtlll[llllOlUJU!1 lllqqbgntl}JUtti tnwl1 qmtitjnqlihpl1 tlnm Gl1wmtjnnl l,li Gh11tJw.1\1(i hU1tlwt1wpqj1 �mtil1g!1w.1l1 juu1jummt.iGhp, 6GztltuG t[mtJrnlumr1mG. lll(lJWG puiqtuqpmpJwli l, hwml1mp1wli jumiuu1mtl, q1Juu1gwtjl,p, 1um1mpJwli ti wu11ug mu, hnqGlllantpJmG: �Jw.1til1 6ti21lwG tlml11upqllllll!, 1 1 +20 l1-:_g hm6wtump1mutih11l1 11t-.ummtl, :14hmp t qbpU1qU1Ggj1 90 '1-r-lig, lml1 20+100 l1-:_g hw6U1fumpJmlitil,pl1 qbtq1mu1· I IO '1-p-!1g: ll qmptuo UIJG11 ti wptj mu t tl!12wtJ tllJ(lmti u m1pwi'lll tt11u, WJq u1tutul'.iwnntj U(llll q\,t.i u1U1J11W(lllll.l b(i u111tlmlJl1 11b11 u1wmu111l1 untjnpwl1wu bqtulitul1(ibpntj rn tlhpnqlibpmj_:

lJU1J1I1m l1n11tl!1g tlm2l1l1, nul1npGbpj1 l, tll(U1(iGhpl1 ti112ngntj t1n2m UU1ptl{1G­ Gbp!1 rppnmMihp!1 (!LI t1m1mtlI! tin� tjmtl t tJ!1ppU1gj1U1: '--ll1r11U1g jnu1l1 hl1tlGU1I1u1(i pGmplllqpbpG h(i huitii1l1uwlimtl Gplll WUUJ!flWDUJf! · y = <p(t), wpwqn1p­ Jntfi[! · v = <p(t) t, wpwqwgmtfp ·co =j(t): vztjU10 �mtil19lm1Gbpl1 tll12t. U1nl[U1 t hbmhJUit l(llllllJ!.

' - dq> _ d (j) Jt ( ) ---.

dt

dt l

(69)

.

f.lbptjWO Ul[1UUUhWJUll11 P.flll (i I! lJl\Hl pumpwqpmtl I: tnllllllWGnIJUllJWG U![mgbup: Uml1w1(i UllUUlWGtJm1 UU1ptluJ1 UllllllyWgpwa 1jJ1ppwgj1U1G tlwp.qm opqwGj1qt.imtl wnwtJlit pwpq 111pngbu t: UJ.q u1mm6wnntj, tll.ia tlU1uU1tlp, 1.JJ1p­ pwg!1wG pGmvwqptjmtl t u1wpwtlbmphpJ1g npl,l tlbl1l1 tll12l1li tupdhgm[, ctw­ tlwGU1l1l1 npn21ul1!1 mj1prn.1pl1 hwtlmp: .:.wowfu tJh11gtjnnl t Gpw mpwqmpJwG t1wtl u1pwq1ugtlmG 11j1yj1G pwnwl1muw1I1G wpctbg(!. } t+ T

v = q>(t)= l f cp= (t )dt t

npu1b11

,

(70)

T - mwmwutlwG u1w11phpntpJmfiG t:, npJ! ljwttJl[lllc) t hw6wlump­ JWG hhm, hbml,JWl wnG�mpJwtlp.

T=-. V

(71)

.RwGj1 np t.[\1ppwgj1wJ!1 t.[1m!mfutlwG mJ1pntJP(! Gpw zbtlw1J1G U1[1dbpJ1g (np[! t.[mlllGqwt.[ np � t) tlj1G� 11 l1pU1lJwG wpcthp[! pwt.[wl1wfiJ1fi tlhc) t, mumJ1 hu1ptlwp t �wl[lt.111� ph fiplll j1pU1ljU1fi U1pcthpJ!, WJl J1pwlJU1U h 2l,UU1JJ1fi U1J1dbgfihp\1 hwpwpbpntJ}Jntfifibp[1 1nqwpJ1ptl[!: vtllllfi tlhbmpJntfi [! t1n�tjmtl t

qmgwfiJ12l1 (wpwqmpJmti. mpwqwgnuI) tnqwp}1puml1u1(i UU1ltU1Pqwl1, npl1 trnljmqwl1wumpJmfiCi t: qbgJ1pb1 (11-p): . l!..1m4bu, ljJ1ppnwpwqmpJwG 1nqU1ppptiU1lllllU uU14wpqwl111 L,. ('1 p) hw2ljwp4ljmtI t hbmltJllll pmfiwohnlj. V

L v =201!!--� , -s , 5 ]0

(72)

n1m1bq' 5· 10-R ti/ljpl1 - tl_J1ppnU1pU1qmpJWU zbtiwJl1Ci U1pdh11G l: l!.fiw1nq ohm[ hw2ljwplJljmtI t lj!1ppnwpwqwgtiwfi 1nqwpt1ptIU1ltwCi UU1l1wru 1 tultl!· (73) npmt,1f 3· I0 -4 tI/tj_pl12 ... 4!1ppnwpU1qwgtiU1ti 2huU1J!1fi Ulpdbpfi t: t,pl, �tuljmq UWflJlI! gmJg L mwtlm gmgwfil12!1 1nqwp!1ptIU1l!lufi l1U1l1w1111wl111, \ml1 CinptiwGbpnlj mpljllllr bfi Ciplll u!12!1fi pwnwl1muIDJJ1Ci U1pdh11Cil,11p, wu1tu l1u1ph!l1 t qpmfip Inuubtltumh( oqmljhtml tul}Jmuwl1fihp!1g ([ 14] lnuljh1ljwbl1 3 Ull}JntUUllt{!) l[WU oltlllljm}uhtnlj (70) l t (7 1) [!UlUUlOltbfll!· ---8

v=5·10 ·LO

ro

Lv

(74)

L<o

3. l o--l • l O �0

:

(75)

'-ll1ppm�1tm1fi lj_wm wqqtgmpJmfi l pnqfimti uwpqm opqU1Ci\1qtij1 ljpw' wnm21ugfihtml lmqfiwi)mpJmfi, pm1mp3mG, lmlJ bpl1wpwmlt wqqbgmpJUlli qtu11:muf 4.\1ppnh!14.wfiqmpJmfi: '-lJ1pp1ugJnufi [lfil1w1tl_mu t gligljnq uwptifi!1 hbm wfiup2wl1wCi Jn41hu(i hhml twGpml, op[lGwlf obnp\1 t1tl1mpwl1wG qnpir\1pGbp(1, mwppbp ubpbfiU1Cihpj1, Ulllfl(1Wljniumifibpfi hhm w2Juwmh1Jm, ljm}utuqpwtiJ12ngfibpl1 ljpw qmCiljlil11u: -bppMG 4.j1ppwgI1wfi oqmwqnpi'rtl_mu t npUJ.bu mbJufin1nqI1wl1wG UJ.pnglmt1 JupwGJ11: 1.,tiwCi uwpuwtlnpntofilipl1 h uhi;>bfiwGbpj1 hbm w2Juwmh­ um· owpqCi l!GlJfimu t 4.)1ppwgt11uJjl wqqhgmpJWU mwlt= .:_tmltwpwp, ljl1ppm­ gl1wG l1mpnq t tiiCTbt mpwfiuUJ.npmwJ(1fi, mpwCiuUJ.npmwJpfi-mb}ufintnqI1w4wli li mhJuGn1nql1w4wu: bph t1.l1ppU1gt1wJti Mi bfipwpl\ljmu obnntpn, ruUJ.Ul lUJG UlUlj_wfilj_mu t uwuGwl1fi 4.l1pptugl1w, pul1 bpb wopnq£ tiU1ptil1GJ:!' {!fiqhwfimp tll1ppwgt1w: t.t.)1ppwgJ1U1Jl1 bpl1wpmmh wqqbgmpJWU hbmhwGpnlj tiwpql1mfig umn l ttu-

Jlllll t wnw�wCiwt fibpljwJpfi hwtiwlfwpqp, wunpfibpp., 4.bump.pn1.uwp WUJ.Ul­ pwmp :Pmul19finuw1 tuw)ummuuhp: lfwuGwl1I1 lj_[lpJlwgpwfi ljuwumu t ubp4. wtiltwGwJI1u lt hhfiuwG-2wpdru1w4wG WUJ.wpwmf!: \,uwfi hMwuqubpJ:i unm Ciltwmljmu t gwljbp ohnphpmu, tiwmfibpp UUJ.fm1wl1 mu, pn1np mbuwlt}l uw2ltwJt1fi qqwgnqmpJmGGbp!1 pnqIDgmti, hnqfiwompJmCi: •..{J1ppwgltwJI1 }1fimbfiu'14.mpJwG h UlWJllDLpJwG tibawgmufig uwpqlfwGg tinm fil1wmqmti t uwutiwqltmwl1wfi w)umwfi}12bp' 4.J1ppnhlt4.wfiqntpJmG: QfiqhwGmp 4.l1ppwg)1wfi Gn11uw4.npb\ltu' uwhuuifimu hfi mwu1wfiuwfi wpwqmpJwfi 1nqwppptiwqwG uwl1wpqwlm 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 h 63 �g up2ltfi pw­ mu4muw1t1G wpdb12Gtpnlj ol1mwljU1JpG qnmpfibpntu, pul1 uwufiw4J1 ljl1ppw­ gj1wfi Gnpuwljnpbtpu' 16, 32, 63, 1 25, 250, 500 lt 1000 .:,g u}12pfi pwnwlfmmu­ J)lfi tupdb12fibpnq 04mwljwJ}1fi qnm}1Cibpnui: '-lJ1ppwgfiwJfi hpqphfiJ11.J finp1.iluGhp{! phpljwa bu lilt. 1 7-mu: lv,'lp

o- i\

122..--11.. 11 8 11 6

' .I'\"

-l.. ___

i,.. -

- • 1w

"

�

" ...' \\ �

\

3w 3p

'-

3q

�

•

I'\.'\.

1n

31}

..

I

uo

500 1000 =tg

blj. 17 t.lltpplllgJnuJlt h[IqJ.1lilil1lj finruimf.iliJll! lw • Ul[IWUUUjO[llllWJjlli mqqwhWJWg tlJ.ippwgJ1m, lp. lll[IUlUUUJ.U[llllUlJJlU hnppqnuwlfwli tlJ.ippwgpm, 2. mpwuuuinpmwJJlli-mh]ulinLnqpwqwfi tlJ.ippwgpw (nlllqwhwJwg I, hnppqnfiwqwu), 3w. ml:i):ufintnqpwqwu lfi1ppwgI1w (mqqmhwJwg I, hnp)lqn!lwqwfi), tlJ.ippwg}lwJ!I WIJPJnt[I mfil:iglliJ zhlil!llpmu, 3p. UntJlilf tlJ.ippwgpwJp UllJPJIUP zmlihgnq wpmwqpwlj_wfi zhlil!hpmu, 3q. limJ!i[I' ni wpmwqpmlj_wli zhlil!llpmo, 4. uwu!iwljp tlJ.ippwgpw

6 Upmwqpwlfwu uwut1mwppw

'--l!1p[1nhjnJ.rnuqnq�JmuCiht1[1 l1rnpb1J1 t 1.J.rnufubt' l1!1prnnbtntl l1rnqtlwl1bpui­ .'_wl1rnu h u1bfuuj11.J.rnl1rnu mrnpphp u11�mgrnnmuubp: Lrrnu fuw11q t1urnu rnubuwrnpqJmCirntJ.bm bqrnurnlJ.I! t.J.llp[1I1ub11t,Cirnuhpl1 h uhjurnCiJ1quubpj1 hbnrnl1rnnrntjrnpmuCi t, J1u.'_uibu urnh tll1ppntjuiwuqrntjnp Lqpngbuubpt1 lPl14. UJtjmnUUJUlUJgntll (I: �1t.n11!1 ubgburnJrn�1tJ.rnil lthl1u1pwl1rnu, h!1qprntJ.l111.J.rnl1wu l, tqul,utum!1l1rn­ l1wCi qnpo!112uhrmt.J rn2Jurnmb1lrn l1J1prnn4.mu bu hrnmmlJ. 4.J1ppnu1Lu2um1rnuI1.'. 1mCiwl1ub11, abnungubp l, wuhwum1l1wu uiw2muiwumpJWU WJL u11�mgubp: ,(11tjwuqntpJWU l1rnujuw11qb1urnu uuiwmrnl1ntl 1.J.J1pwnmu hli ut1 2tupp :j:>J1qjml1u1uturn11qbl11.'. u11�mgrnnmufil,11' 2prnJJ1u uinpgbqntpwubp, ulipumu, pm­ dtuJt1u tjrnpd mpJmCiCibp, mtu1pwuu1Cim2wlJ.wqmJu t'iwnwqwJpCibp, oqu1rn­ qn11omu tll1mwut1uubp: '--l!1pprng!1rn.1!1 mrnl1 rn2tuwmbrJrn funpl mtPJl t mptJ.mu Jmpwntuli.'_JIIIP rn2tummwdrnti!1g hlmm t1wqurnl1hJ1nthL I 0+ 1 5 pnuib [1UIJlll1�1111u: .f:?.1ulil1 np gmp­ mp� tupu1umu t tJ.pppnh'1tJ.wCiqmpJwCi tunw2wgmll[1, mumt1 w2tuwmwmhqmu . 011!1 2hpurnumt16rnu[1 uitm12 t rJ1hp + 1 6 0 C-pg pwpop: <ll1pt1rng!1w.1I1 mwl1 .'.11 pmJtWmptjmu m2Juwmbt 1 6 mwpj1u .'_tpwgwb wu­ .'. wtj1whwuubpt1u: lnupl,np bu hwuwptJ.mu t.JJ1pplllgj1w.1ti utJ.wqbguwu mbtuut1t1wt11u(i ut12n­ gw1111u.lCihp[1: U1,pbuwuh[1p, ubfuwut1quubpl1 L uwppwtJ.n[llltllubpp tlt1p[1wgt1w.1!1 utjw­ qb�1u1uCi hl1tiuwl1wu mqqmp.1muub[1Ci bu. I. •LI1r11wgpw.1I1 utJ.wqhgmll[l fi1uu rnnw2wguwu wqpJnt[liltll' tJ.mppwgub­ tntl ltLUll t.Jb1uuguhtntl qnJmpJmfi mubgnq tJ.mtJ.mfuwlJ.wu mctbp[!: Ul,tJhfiwub­ pp uwjuwqMwu ctwuwuwl1 u1tm11 t wnwtJ.btntPJntU[I U1[14.J1 WJuu1pup tih1Jh­ fiwfihpl1u, n[lilfigmu hw[14.wow.1l1Ci l, J1ub[1gjmu q!1uwut1lJ.wlJ.wu mdbp[I tjb­ pwgtjh(i l1wu hwugtjb(i u4.wqwqmJCiI1u: Opj1uwl1ubp[1 pwquwpl1tl bu' ul1uwil' pnmCigt]WJ!lU UbjUUJUj1qt1ubp[1 tthltU1[1WltWU lttull hjlIJ.[lilllllJl}llpllllJltCibpntj 4.m­ tuwpt1Ub(mg ut1u.'_L 1.J.nmti[I' amtmtintJ. t.Jmfuwpj1ub1ntl: 2. fl..bqnCirnuuwJpCi nbctjlufihpl1 pwgwnmll[I l1wu tJ.bpwgmll[I, np[I mbjuun1nq!nul1wu ump11rntJ.n[1tiwu w2fuwmwupj1 ut[lilgbumu 1.J.wmwptjmu t hpl1m hqwCiwl1ntl' L1u1u hwuwl1wpqj1 pumpwqjl[l[I (qwuqtJ.wil'ubp[! h l1n2um1p.1mu­ Cibp[!) tJ.lntubtntl, trwu 1.J.wpqw4.n[1btntl un[l pwutJ.nllwlJ.wu nbctpu' tunmug nh­ qnuwuuubpt1: bplJ.[1I1M uh_l}tlIJ.u J1pwqnpil'4.mu t urnfuwqMrnu t4[1Ilghumu, rwlil1 np pwu4.n[1wl.J..wu nbdj1uj1 J1[1wqnpil'mu[! uiw.1uwuw4.n[14.wil l mhfuun1_nqt1wl1wu ut[lllgbuntJ.:

3. tll,pwt.Jm!uh1nt.J mtl.JWL mwmwunqwl1wu hwow4rn[1qp ubjuwut1t1wl1wu UlWUILUUillUUhpll tul,pq!1w(i ublt LUJL mbuwlJ.J1 tubpqJ1wJnt.J: Cl-npi)(itul1wunul qpwu lJ.wpbrJ1 t hwufiht. w) oqmwqnpil'bt l1nuUU1[1I1tl1um[1wl1wu uwfuwu1rnmpwumml1 UJmpbp, n[lilUl! mubu ub[1p!1Ci obil' 2t.Jm1u, p) wnwoqwlJ.wu-uwilmgJ1l1 2bI1mt1 oqmwqnpil'mll[I hwptJ.wb11I) uhphuw­ (i t.11!1 tJ.pw, q) uwl1bpbuw.1t1u 2tJ.1uwu oqmwqn[lil'mll[I, q) ubtuwut1l1wl1wu mwunufinqwl1wu tubpq!1wu 4.mjuu1pj1fil,1nt.J :Jm1 l1nJl1 hnu1uCitJl1 tut.pq!1w.1nt.J l1mu t1ht1mpwtiwqujrnrnl1wu qm2ml1 tubpq!1WJntj: 4. Swmwumuubpl1 q!1uu1ut1l1u1l1wu UW[llllllntJ.: Cl-n)lbuwl1wumu mwmwlimuliht1'1 q!1uwut1l1wl1wu uwpmu11 l1tuum1p4.mu t wqJ1liqwu1ubp£1 !1upunqmqfi ht1uut1 tJ.pm mbqwl1wJbtntJ.: ..:.11u1Jl1 qwuqtjwilu 11!imp111u hfi m.1uu1bu, n11 hJn112l1 ubppwuj1 wuu11l1mmq[1 qbp1uqwCigl1 0.1 +0.2 tltl, tn1l1 hwum1l1 u2wuwl1mpJWU mbqwl1WJLUU1!Ubpmu' 0.065 Llll-l1g: 5. tll11�[1I1UW[1Dlllntj, np[l l1munu11tJ.mu t UlllJU1WUnqwl1wu hu1Llwl1tupqml.l 1JlWgmg!1.'. Wl!UIOQWltWU l(WU!Jl lt!1ptUl1UWllp, np[! Y.W[lnq t oqmwqnpil'tJ.bt I1li.'_tl!hll UW[lI]lll opq1uut1qut1u hwqnplltJ.nq UlllJU1llJUmllubp!1 wouutwmum litjwqbgCihtm, tuJUlllbu lt 1H,1ibuwuwpuwtJ.n[1I1tl.l[I mwmwlill l1lllltwli wqqb­ gmp.1111 Ci!1g u1w2mu1wCibtm hwl.lw[l: '1-ln11 wpl1bu12 4.J1p[1nll w11uwu bqwu rnltubpj1g bpl1mu[I. w) quUJwfiw/jwJftfi t/ftppnuwpftlft hw2tfwpljp. '--lllp[lilllW[lll.'.Jl {lilt . 18) (lliUl­ [llllpJWU lnuuwp wuhpu1dli2m l J1uwurnl upw 4.[lW wqqm1 q!1(iw­ ut1t1 il'wu[1wpbnuw4.wom pJntU[I, upw l1n2mmpJntU[I l, u1wum1u­ uwu ub4.1w1.J.wu hwt'iwjumpJIUU[!:

'IJlj_. 18 .'2uup11ULUIJ.1UJJ1U t.JJ1p11mitupJ1;Ji uJuhtituU I. hlilip. 2. unut11u1Gt[lll\ (tl.l1pptug(llllJ[1 um1lJ. qmGt{nq) Lc)tulJ., 3. lJ.WUJ, 4. UJWIHuGqGbp, 5. quu1u1Gml1, 6. h[uullmJ.L11l1 tU1ppmlu1p/1�

'--l!1p[1I1UW[1P.'.l1 tJ.11w wqqlll1 q!1(i wut1t1 il'rnupwpbnutJ.wilm!} JmuI! hw2tltlmu t hbmhJWL pwCiwol,ntj.

Rq

= Ru

( I - Wgo · 10 L"'J

,

(76)

l!Jynwwlf 18 AKCC u1t1uiI1 nl.iwlllhuli.buuuqm!J.wli qf1pnpli.bl[mu�lib.pp plintpwqJlbfll! unpOUlt UUIWUlb\J.W· SlUppbp UJD\U(igpGhp}I qwfi ph11{il{wbtltpJmG- nuiqmpJIUup qht,npum<l(lppnuhqmu11ifib- fitpl] IJ11pimuhqmuw}I gfuu!lhpJlll htUt�WtqUJ· WllWfigJ,!flbpp DU\flnlp-,- mumfuw6nq uuiwmpq Pb uwqlifi21! n mm mfi • \i\,fu z \' X y z 0.15

AKCC ··· 151\1 .-\KCC 40M .-\KCC 120 l\l ,\KCC- 160 M .-\KCC 300 ;'.I AKCC - 400 1\1

npmlui'

0,40 l.20

1.60 3.00 4.00

0,15 0,40

0,10 0,15 0,50 0.70 0,90

LIO

2. IIJ 2.60

LOO

IOOO

Swppbp wnuiligJfihpp nuiqn1.p1wup qht,npowgpwiihpJlfi hwiiWU{Ul· mwufuwGntt lil1liwu111J. n mn Olli • ql.,Af l

)(

l 150

14500

I IOOO 4200

Ru

tll1pp.ntiw11!1:J1 l(pw wqtplf( uu1wtnJ1l1 rrwfipwptmfilfwampJmfili t' l,Jmumu(i hpnq (l,), W,, cc- 3· lll 4 u/t.111112 ·- lfl1r1mutpu1qwqdwu JhowJjlll wpdt.111.i t. g 9,81 dl!Jpl12 wqwm wfil1uwfi wpwqwgmul.i t uw1ni6J1 tJJ1ppnwpwqwguwa uwl1mJ1Ilwl11.i I: bplJm $njunu1qmhw_1wg n!JlrtmpJmGfil:ipm\, fipw lfpppnuwpJ1�fihpJ1 wu1.nug­ uwfi u1b11_l:i11mu, '1-p: tlJ1ppnuwpJ1t J1 t1l1tiwuJ1l1 l1n2mmpJmfip npn21.{mu t

R

� (2n: · w ,,) ,

q

(77)

npmhq · W. uwpufif1 uhq11uqwfi mwmwfinu.ifihpp hw6wJumpJmfifi t, {g: lfwpti(ip utqnulfwfi mwmwumtifitp)1 L. qnr1onq mwmwfinuHihpp (W q) hw6wJumpJmfifihpj1 u}12L wnl{m t hbmt.JWl \tWlq(l.

w =Jo 3 + o s)w . u

\ )

')

q.

(78 }

Oqml(btnit l(J1ppnuwpf1�J1 rit1uwuI1l1 l1n2mntpJwu wpdbppg · wrumuwlJ. I8-)19, [lUmpmu bu nhml1uwubmwriw1twfi l(pppnuwpl11fi tiwl1Cil121! h hw21Jmu tipw uhqnuqw(i mwmwfinuifit.1111 hwtiwjuntpJntU[!.

w.

4,96 ·

[if:

(79)

l!Jfini.hhmlt, oqmt.ll:iLmt {78) ptuCituol.tf1g, ummqmu bu 1U1ppnuwpuwl.i w(ll}­ JmfimqbumtpJmOp:

tU1ppnuwpl1tfl quu1wuwl1J1 mpwuwqJ1i'Jp npn2.qmu t hl:imLJutL pwuw6ltnl{.

D

32·R

n:·

(80)

pm.11mmphtl1 1wpmuCi t' [!UUl lllllllUUIU (u1nq1qwmJ1 hwuwp' 4,22• IO" /J}w): lU( Quu1muwl1I1 n1w11111Jptihpf1 pqJ1 npn2uwfi hwtiwp oqrnqmu Ui hhmltJWL pwuwo.l,!19. n1unlitf

t111

C

(8 1 )

tm mbIJm2.wpdj1 tim1m1fi L ( 1qnriUitumf1 hwuw11· t.,., = 7,84·10 ''ltu). r quu1wfiu1l1fl pt.1]1 l1mpt.jwi'Jp}1 2.wnwl(lirtG t, u, q - quUiwGwl1!1 l1nzu1mpJml.iG t, l,/ti: ) p /1.bwft.i/Jg l[j1ppntfwp/1w (wunpwftqwWIJp) bw2tfwpfJp: H11Uiliu opt.up' ll11pllinlfnu1 hli vwnwl{muJ1 l1mptjwhRntJ (A'<A) h nJm2utl{J1 pwpopmpJwur (Hm) ntmpCiJm 4}1ppnuwpp1Gbp (CilJ. 1 9): ,.,:m21.{wpl1}1 G1qwmwl1fi t npnzht Cipwfig fU1lf1l,i1[!' l1wjutjwC1 UU1pufiI1 (Lthl1m11w2wpd)1,:, 1it.i;,lil.iw.1!1 2w11d)1�, Juglllt h wJtfi) ubl(nul1mfi mwmwfimu­ fibp.j1 htu6wjump.1muj1g (V.) L. q11q1mq mdl1 bwtiw}ump.1mfiJ1g {Vq): l,tu{U[llUfi hw2t.1w11l1jlu utugfilim' tuGbptudt2u1 t [lfitnpl:it q}1p pnuwp)11ti fiJmpp' oqml{htntl wriJmutul1 19-119: Uhwdwtiwfiwl1 f!Clrpuuqmu I., np tjJ1ppn­ um11l1i(ibp(1 pJ1qp 4-li t: ..'..w21Jtupl1[! lftumwpqmu l. hLmli.1wt hw2n(ll}U1l1wfimpJU1tip: I. fi pnzmu tu pwmul1mu)1 11mpqwannl( qpppnuwrM1 LWJfintpjntU[I (1.imJCifi l., pl, l:ipl11upntpJmfi11).

n1rn1lt1f

v�

A�-' npmh1f

(82)

Q � uwpufi}l qtufiqqwofi t, ltq, cr,. nbmJ1fil1 ub9 lnuzqwpl{wJll(i Gbppl1fi tmpnurn nhmf1G)1 lnuuwp crn = 20+40 '11.w, O'n l1n2m ntmpfifihpp hwtiwp' O'n = 50 '11.w, n 4 4)1ppntiwpj1:Gbpp pln{G t:

t:

Unqnpwl1wfi

&5

2. fl[lll2mti liCi �J1pjllltiwpp.'.'11Pl14 plupd[lillpJmCip (hwummpJmCi[l) mi-ml, hhUJhJWI ltbpUj. H12".

A

4:

(83)

4!1ppnuwpi1,.1J1 l1wu1tlwu hwuwp Gw}uwmbu4wo mugvl1 mpm­ t.lmqJioli I., u: 5 . ..:..w24nni t,Ci ulil1 nhmI1fiJW 4J1ppnuwpJ1�!1 l1n2mmpJmU{l (u/uti), hnpj1qntiwl1wCi m11qmpJwllp.

npmtuf

d

G,1 ·SI K,::: K) = _..;.__

3 . .(m24mti Mi 1.1]1p pntimp[1�b pwu4npwl1mu 11wpapn1pJntU[!. A

H-8:

H,

H,

( 8 4) C!Iymuwlj 19

NI

I

'-lf1pf10IJ.lwftl1l «JlllPI!

SliulUlU:�

8pu1turtl1thugt1ma 11lu11!1fi Pfiml1u1fi l111m1lrnl1 f\Gtul1u1fi ljllllll/lllij f\Gtut1mfi t1u1 m1mlt f\liwl1wll lt1mu1ml1 f\Gu11jmli ltnmt,ml1 PGtut1wfi t11um1ml1 rflntll!l[llUIPbliu1_1!1li 4n11u�ntlt IT}nt11u11m111t,fiwJl1fi lj1um,1ltlJ "l.n1]11l1n u111 blim1!1IJ l1U1mJml1

lvuintpJmG�

33 11 10574 44-1

10542 604 1

q/uo3 0,95 0.9& J.14 1.23

l,16 l,32 l,3S 1,46 J,55

1,52

Unmoqwl[. Unwdqwlj,. 1ll1fiwll}lq lln- umwui}lli, unnmmE., IIJ.w nmmE..,IIJ.m

6 10

SIO

1 14

1,q. 19 ((Wal16a» mJm1l1 tll1p1m1hu1itilJ1 u}ulithuf.l L UUlpJ,lUlljnpuwlJ tull(lUtgumrt 4lU(ntfitulJ, 2. nl:iml16p.g u1tup11, 3. hl1011!1 t im1m!iml1, 4. unugmg!i.: pmp&l1l1, 5. muhumfiwtjm1ltJ.1; �llll}ntjtult, 6. oqm1 UJUUlllJllU4

(85)

umwaqwl1wfimpJwfi q!1Gwul1lt Ul1lJ.nttfi t' P.UUl ubquuw(i, illw, S1 tiblJ LI.I1ppntimp(1�[l {lliqtwJCiWltU1U f.tmp4WOIJ[1 uwt1t11t.u(i t, uu2 , = 2_1td SI A (86) 4 ,

npmhq' Eq

Eq = 6·G q (1-f ),

(88)

ol,[1 qnpanliG L, np[! pfimpwqp4mu t utl1 L!l1ppnuwpl1tl1 phnli4w1) h �p.hn(i4wi.r uumtpt1 hwpwphpn1pJUJUp: 'lpu1u111l1tf nq qhnmJ1 hwtiwp.

npmh1f

¢

A-d

4. Opn2mti hCi tihl1 i.l.l1p1111uwp[1�_ll l1n2um1pJntU{l (u/uti) mqriwhtuJWg m11qmpJU1U tlpw.

K,

Gq - mbqw2wpct}l 11l1fimul1l1 un:qnitfi t. illU1: n1 1ml,11 · n.t.mj1Cili!J 4!1ppnuwp[1�Gbp!1 («Wcli:ioa» mhuwl1l1) hwuwp ubqtiuwu l, u1li11wzu111t.1!1 tln11mtGhpl1 ut12h 4w htmhJwt l1U1ulfl.

(87)

4H I

(89)

6. flpn2mti lifi ljf1ppnuwpf1�'1 utmumf1l1 Gum4wop[! (uti), w1u!1linfi' fipw pwpa pn1p,1wfi 41m,lm}ump,1mfi{! uutptl(iJ1 nli2tiwli wq11hgmp.1mfi!19, npf! pfim­ pwqpmu t fiJmpl1 l1n2mmpJmfi[!. X um

IOQ

K

(90)

z

7 . ..:.w24mu hfi UU1ptllil1 mqqU1hU1Ju1g mwu1wunu.WhpJ1 uht11wlp11Ci hm6w­ lmnpJmfi11 (..:..q) hbmliJWL l1hpt4.

vu,=

r.-:

'If X "'"

(91)

b'ph CiJmp!1 11l1Cituup.f.t l, umwmp.f.t wnwoqw�w(i Unqnttfibpf! mwppbp tu, U1u1w wuhpwcth2m t oqmtlbt hbmhJWl pwfiwoltpg.

v,,

5-�,

(92)

8. Vuz -11 uunug4tuo mpcttnp hwubuwmmu b(i UlWUlWUUUIU ll1WhwG21Jnri hwnwJumpJwG ht.m, npu npn21Jmu t. \!

ն

llZUj

-

q

(93)

\jJ շ

Vq � qpqnllfl mdl1 hwnwjumpJmGG t, .(g, \Jlz - hwnu1IumpJ111GGbp!1 hwuhuwmwl1wGmpJU1G qnpou1l1!1gG t: lJJ12m U{hu1p t 1Utttwhn4ht \\, < v. ut U(IUJUIUG{l: bph (iuwG hwpwph11wl1gmp.1mGu �,1 WlljWlm4mu, Wll(W. I. [1G11111mu li(i 4rnvp wnwaqwl1wGmpJwup riJ1G1uujll.1 unri111tmJ 11b111J1G, 2. m4btwgGmu hG IIUIWUlj1l1 LlllJ1nll.l[l llb111J1GI1 uh{ pntJLIUU1(14llfl uwhuwG­ Gh!llllll, 3. [1Cimpmu hG WJI 111huwljj1 tj_j1p11111.11Upj1�, opJ1Gwlt' uhmwriwt1wG (quu1w­ G1ul1) t1wu hwu1ul1gtj_wo, 4. npn2mu hG tj_j1ppnulil1muu1q11wti ul,ontpJntG[1. npmhri'

<lff = 2 0lgH

J}µ

:

(94)

f

9.1. Pf uUtn.10'l ti.Uf1.UQ-U3lu-Ol-·U"

J-intimglillfl t ltnLtj_mu gwGl11Ugwo 6tunwq1UJ(mttl[1, BPI! nlll£[Wl1J1 ljllll.l UIJL nw(iwu1mplmtl Wl11ll21ll9Ullll.l t uJ12w41UJI1]l JmGwymu: I-i11G1UgGnri hwml1mp­ Jm(itilijm4 odmtj_wo hG mj1bqhp1UltwG nwmuqwwutpu, bpljpJ1 uwl1hplt111Jpl1 tjpu, qmlitj_11JJ. nwriJm1UltmJ1tj_ CiJmphpJ1 nwn1UqwJpGhp[1: E11hht1U1llllJlllU 6wuwqw_ipuu,G IUI\_PJlllpUhpJ1g h(i' u112mltWJl1G nbwl1ump­ Cil1(1(l, m1nuqmgmgjJ:GLp[1, nbGmqbGJwG WllJWplllmGbp{l, 1Upl1humml11uG nw11l11nul1ml14 J1q numu1 Cibpp: tiwuwqu1JpGhp11 (WJCi l1!1pwumpJmG h(i qmht dnrintJ.JlfllllltwG mG111hump­ Jwti UIWJ1ph]1 pG1Uqwtj_wuGh1m1u: 011J1Gwlt' W(lUllllI]!lllll}JntGmu imGwgtjwo llllllllllljllljl}Ub111! oquiwqn110tj_mu l,G ubmwqfib11J1 wJuurn!lll2uwG, l,u1U\.jguwG l1wphpl1 npwl1!1 huljuwG, mlijuGntnq!1wlt1UG lll!lll9huCihp!1 wtjurnuwm hu4t11UCi, uI121UtlWJpjl. 1Uqphul1tj_mpJwG uw\}1U11rtwl1J1 ll!lll/UIUU, uu11Umltlt lth4mp1U41UUntl}JlllU qhu U{WJ!)lll· pJ1 dlUUWUIU\}, qJntrJIUUlUutlmmpJmGmu' ubpuhpp, pntJUbpJ!, UUUf11UUJntl}hJ1[1 6wnwqWJPlllh1Uph1m, lmaj1 phppltntpjntU(!, ll(IUJllllPU1lUUJntl}hpl1 W[lllJntUIU4h111ntpJmG11 npnzhtm, l1tGqtuGjl.CibpJ1 unm' w6I1 41Upqwtjnpjl.�GhpJ1 l, GJntl}W­ tj_mJuwGwl1mpJ1UG uhJuwGJtquI1 mumuG1UuJ1pu1UG, 2J1G1UJ1lll!llltPJmGmu· 2J1Gu1G.1mphpJ1 L qpmGmI1 JummpJmGG m JunGwtjmpJmGu, phurntijJ hwummp­ JntGG m npwl111 n1rn2htm UU{1UU11Ultntl, pct2l}mpJwti, hplJJ11Up1UGmpJwG ub2 h UIJL pGwqw4wnGbpmu: I-infiwgGnri 6w111Uq1UJpntU[l L11Cimu t ttbltutJ11UU1UqGJrnwl11UG (:PnurnUlll· J!1G), qwuuw- l, nhGmqbGJIUCi 61Un1Uq1Uwmu h 4npU{ntUlJntU1UJ1 (u1UUJ1WUwu­ Gi1l1wJJ1ti)' lllt}lll- l, pbmmlll- uwuGi14Ghp: ISpGntnpm!1 �np oqmu nhGmqbGJwG L. qwUUIU- lllllntuqlllJpUIUU p1UU1U41U­ ltutti pGntplllq!lUIUU htUUIUJl 4J1p1Untjmu t /:J}UIJlnqftgftnli l)QQW (Dt) h1UU41U­ gml}J lllU(!, npJ! L 1Utj_1tjmu t limtnG/l1q-ntj_ (litfltq) L. np.nztjmu t hbtnL.Jlllt plll­ tiwaL.n4.

D = Qi, l m

(9.5)

Q1, - u)ll,CimJCi Ci2tUCiml fmGCihp!1 wl14 t11g11G t' Lit-ml, Ill - oq!1 qwCiq!J.lUau t' lJ.q-n!J.: bppbuCi, npu1hu t12uu1nql1g!mCi qnqmJI1 ut1w4np, l1l1pLUn!J.mu t Ciwlt hwt'itU­ lflUflql1g qmpu 11/Juwq/Jfi (P) ut1w!J.np[!: IP = 2,.58 x J0·4tq/lJ.q: I-,.nuwg4wa nwnwqWJl)Ubp!1 l1tCiuwpwCiwl1wG wqql,gmpJntU[! l1bCiqwCil1 opqtUCil1qtil1 !J.pw, tU11w9[1Ci hbppl1G, lttUtu!J.wo t IJiwulfwfi IJilQWJftg: l.J1wfilfwfi JJDqwfi (DlJ) CiJmpp n(lll2U1l1l1 lltU4tUtl1Ci hU111nJlll!J.U10 ut12l1Ci tCih11qpwJI1 hwpwpb1m1pJmCiCi t WJI} OllllJ.wtmu qmCi4nri CiJntp!1 q_wCiq4wot1 !J.pw. npuihr(

D = dE � dm'

(96)

dE - L'iwnwqWJl}tUhwptlnri CiJmpI1 l1nrJlil1g 41tuCi4U10 tuh11ql1U1Ci t, 52nnq. dm - nwnwqmJpWhlllfltlnri CiJmp[1 qwCiq41uaCi t, t1q: littUGuw(i qnqw(i �w!J.1!J.mu t q.plJJfi/Jpnrf ('1-p) l1wu nwri-n4: I q_P "' I 52nnt tll1q = I 00 muq: Smppbp 11wqlmU1l1m!14 ciU1nU1qmJpmuCibp!1 wqqligmpJntCi{! 4.tCiqwCi}1 op­ qwCi!1qu!1 !J.pw t1wtu4wo t 6wnwqU1Jp!1 pm41wGguwG l, ImCiU1gUU1Ci wnwGa­ GwhU1mt1mpJmCiGhp!1g: <.U14WUlllp 4ttuCiLIUICi qnqmJll qhUJQillU mwpphp 6U11llllqlll]l}ntllCih(l{! mGh­ Gmu hCi mlllpphp l1l,CiuU1p1uCiU1l1wCi l1l,u1l1wGpCihp: U.Jq t4wm6wnn!J., nwnlll­ qlllJµUmu 4mwCiq!1 qCiU1hU1muU1Ci hwuwp uu1g4wa t hwlfwpd/Jp IJilQWJ/1 (Dh) hwut1U1gmpJmGu, npl1 �w!J.1uU1G u11w!J.nru hwuwp4mu t ptp-[! (ntCimqb­ CiJ1 l1tCiuu1pwCiwl1wCi lnuuu1pdhp{!) l1wu q_.titJ.bpm(! (Q4=IOOptp). npu1trf..

(97) tiwnwqwJpliwu npwiJwiJwfi qnpowfJftgf! (Kn) pCimpwqpntu t Ulllprµlt gU1()-p qnqwJn4 6wnlllqwJplllhwpuwCi lthCiuwpwCiwltwCi wCigwCiltwtli hhmhwCipCihpl1 ltlll!u!J.wompJmCi[! ut12w!J.mJpnu.i tGbpq!1wJp qowJJ1Ci hwqnpq­ uU1Ci .l_ml.}1}1g: OlllnlllqtuJplllhmpn1uu l1U1ZUUJ. t tliCiht Cit11p!1Ci It wpmwp)1Ci: flnCilllgunq 6U111U1qwwumG wqqbgmpJmupg uwf11llJ.U1Cig unu1 ltwflllll t wnwywGtut lfwnwqwJpWJ/JU hft,fwfil]Dlp]DlU, np!1 hhmhlllCign!J. 4.w(lllIJ_ hCi

juwtuuuJ.ht lthCiUl(lllCilUlJ.tuCi CiJWf11llllJ)1Ci hlUUU14.U1pq!1, tupJntUlUUllllfl tUCinpCit­ p!1. CibpqU1m!1� qb11atp!1 :j>mtiltg!1U1Ci h npwl1mlJ.U1Ci gmgmCiJ12fibp[!: U:Jq bl1!J.tUCiqmpJwCi 11CimpwqptUltmCi tU(lU1U1htUJmJ1�CihpCi bCi' [!Ciljn4wo 4pnU1ll(!, qt1uwu.1mmJUl(L upu1JUWl1Ulllflll{!, {!Uqblllump }}Illllll}}Jntti[! It WJtCi: .q14wCiqmp.1mCi{! t1wpnq t t11Gbt ump l, lupnCil1l1wt1U1Ci, uCiqhwump L mb11wJ!1Ci: Ctiqlnu(inq1 wqqhgmpJwG 11hummu tUnw9U1Gmu t fliJIJliliftw (m4Irnnu4.­ u1pJmCimpJmCi), Iml1 mli1JtuJ!1Ci wqqhgmpJwCi qburnmu· �w(lllptUlt nmmgvCitp: nwnmqtUJpwhwpmu l! l{wpnIJ t mGbCiwJ qhCihml1l1wl1U1Ci hhml,wCipCitp (lllq­ !JlllU t hw2nJlll uh(lll1Ciq(ihpJ1 4J1lU): "1,tiu1u wCigmCiltlUUl b11lt11LJptilipu l1U1CiluU1]1qhthtm UUjlUUllUl(n4 qnpamt'i liti 6umwqwJptlwu wu,fwwuqn1p1wu unplfwfilipf! (tiff'/.,): .:.wuwatuJCi lllJil (inpLlwtibpl1' t1U1qu!J.wa bu lfwizwqwJpwhwptlwu uwl11fwuw1ftu pntJfwwp/JJft l]flQWUlip[! (Uf<Yl.): l�]lllllll l)!lU QlUHWqWJPWhwpuwCi u!1WUjlUU1pl1 qnqlUCi \,ntuUUJWl(ntU pmJ­ (lllUlp4nn'i t Jptp' WJU u1tUJt'iwCi114, np mwphltlllCi 11nqw(i :qhpwqwCigl1 5ptp-!1g: ''lhmll t Cil1wm!1 mCihCitUL, np JmCiwgCinq 6mnwqwJpUtUCi hhu1 l1wUJ4mb lU2JULUUJU1CiQCibp!1ti UlUUUllll(gbtm UJhUltl t pntJLWUlphJ .'p!1ql1l1U1UJbU mnnri2, 1w41mhU1u lllJLi wuawtig, npnCig u2u1U1UJbu qmCi4mu li(i hwmmlt pdzltwl{wti hul1nqmpJU1Ci mwl{ l, mCibCi hlllUWUJU1U1U1uluU1ti pm_Jlm!J.mrJmCi: titunwqwJpwhwpuwli uwhuwliwJltli pmnwmplitl1 qnqwli' pum litmiwqtUJPt!lllJ. UWPJll{wlig l{wpqhp!1

IIWJ1114WCig

riwmuq wJplUhu1pliwCi 4wpq[!

l!iyniuwfJ 20

CwpwplU4wCi Ulit'l-Ci, ptp

Swpb4wCi UWl-Ci, ptp

0,1

s

0,01

0.5

0,00!

0.05

Cum pntJtmmp!J.nq qnqwJ[1 umhutUGCihpJl' U1lUptupU12Ju4U1a tCi nwnwqwJ­ pwlllllp!J.nq U1fiaU1Cig hbmhJlll l ltlllpqbp(!. l! - ImfitUgCinri OtUntUqWJPUWCi mqpJmpp. hhm lll21ulllmllfl wCia!1Cip, P - U1qpJmpJ1 hbu1 lill2JutUu1nq, plllJg 6wnU1qU1JpUU1Ci tUqpJmp!1G htU(lllIJ_ u1w11tUompJwCi !J.plll qmCitJ.nq tUCiaI1Gp, q_ - U1t'ipnri2 tUqqwpCiwlJ.tnt))JlllCi{!:

t>ntiwgtinf] 6mnwqwJpCibp!1 wqqhgmpJmCi!1g · UWJ111lJUJCig UJlll2UIUJWtibtm Gu1wmwl1ml !il1pwmjmtl t l1wqtlwl1bpUJ.!_WljwCi, uih!uCip!JlllllUJU, uwli!1mUJpw­ hpq!1blipl1 t. pmctl1wu1uwpqblJ1� ti!12ngwnnuiubpp hwtlUJl(UJ[lql!:

'lb'li"'l, 'l-b'l.MJ

(U) 't.,q. 20 t>nliu1gfim\ 6rumuqUJJplitufi mqqm1uupi!u11i 1uq11lllfi2mfifiL)l[! [ l - [IUQtiplllJ(tfi �llllUUq!J lllQIJWU2lllU, fl - UIUIJjllU9)lllfi �llllllfil})l lll'lfllllU21Ull

.ZUJtiUJl1wpqnnl u1hu1p t liUJ!uUJmhuht' 6UJnwquiJpliui(i u1rirJmp mCibgnf] mbqwl1wJwlipCib11!1, mbqwtlwubp)l, 6bnCiUJpl1mpJmlilibpl1 nwglmCiw1 mhqw­ pwz!unttl[!, w2Iuwmwfipubp!1 6!12m l1wqtiwl1hpu1mtl[!, 6wnwqwJptlwCi W11J1Jmp!1 (liJmpJ1) uunugtiu1li, hwzqwntiw(i, U)wluqwCitlwCi h ljmfuwqptlwCi ljwp­ QI!, oqwt}mJunqlJmCi[!, qmzmg, qwqbJ111g h qn1np2J1Cihp!1g oqp tlwp{llltll[! (qumtU(l), 2hnmgmtl11, 2pwtlwmwl1wpw{lllttil! l, l(nJnul11Ci, nwrl1mwl1m!11l pw­ qmCiCibpJ1 hwqwptiwCi, hbnUJgt.iwCi h quwuwqhpMwli t1wpq[!, uwpf!wtlnpmu­ ubpp m 2!1Cimp.1mCiCibp!1 qCiwuwqbpomtl[!, wlihwmwl1wCi uiw2u11.4UJCintpJwCi up2ngCibpp oqmwqn11omtl[!, wu6Ciwt1mu h!1qJ1hfiwJJ1 l1wCinliCihpJ1 uiwhUJW­ Cimtl[! h murJ.!1WgJ111li huljntU[!, nwqj1wg!1UJJ)1 qmwCiql1 wqqwlizUJuwJ!1u hw­ uwljwpq!1 ljJ1pwnnui[!:

9.2. LU.'2bf'U3l>'t., nun.uq.U3f<t0MJ

ctnqnqpqwljwCi uiCimhumpJwCi mwppbp tiJn111.b{lllttl h q!1mmpJwCi tib2 qCiwtml. wtJ.bL11 tWJCi l1!1pwnmpJmu hCi qmunni 1wqbpUJJ!1Ci tiwnwqwJpCibp[!: Lwqbpp qnpo11rJ.ntpJWU uljqpmCip[! h!1tiCiqwo t wumuJ1 (pwpq g4.wCiuuu­ J!1Ci luutlwl1UJpqj1) UJJCi hUJml(mpJwCi qpw, op qpqnqUJo 4.jlnwllJ1g hJ1tluwljw(i (w4.blJ1 t}mgp tCihpqpwJntJ.) tU16UJl./!1 wfigfib[)1u tiwnUJqwJptJ.mtl bu �nmnu­ Cibp: LUJqbpwJI1fi uUJppb{llltti, bwmml( qnpoUrJ.mpJmCiCih{llltl h tCibpq!1wJp l1J1pwnuwup, tiMwgCinui bu CiJmpp (hhqml./, pJmphq, qwq) uh2 qpqnqwo wumuubp!1 pptJ.11:

U.1umhbml,, Ci.tnti'J(l zwm lJUJpti ctwuwCiUJlt'1 [!lipwgQnni pCiwl1mCi tJ.!1tiwljJ1 tjhpwriwnCiwtlm wpowljmtl t. 1wqbpwJj1Ci tiwnwqwJpCibp: LwqhpwJI1Ci tiwnwqwjpCihp!1 wnwCi6Ciwhwml1mpJntCil! upwCig 41li2l1 Rk hqmuCih{llllj mqqljUJilmp.1muu t, np[! hliw11UJtjnpmpJmfi t mw1Im hUJt.ihuUJ­ mUJplllp ljmp11 tlwl1hphu!1 qpw umUJCiw1m tlihpqJ1wJ!1 uM fuumtJ}Jntli: f�um 6tmnuqwwuhpj1 wnw2wgt.iUJU pGmJp!1' iwqhpCibpJ! t11unul hu !1tl­ n1m1uw.1[1Ci (6wnwq1uJpUUJli mhnqmpJntCi[! ljmgp I. 0,25�11l1-'1g) l, wCi[!Ciq.hwm (6tUUUJQlllJPUWli ml,nqntpjlllUJ! tlha t 0,254.11l1-l1g): LwqhpCihp[1 umhqamu bli i. == 0,2 x I 000 tll1tl hpl1wpntl}Jwtlp wt11pGbpnlj l1hl1mpwtlwqCi[mmt1wCi 6wnwqwJpCibp: UJq mI1fll11Jpl!, t1liGuUJpwCiwlj_w(i wqqbgmpJwCi mbuwCiljJmCil1g, pwdwCi4.mu t �npu qnm!ICib11l1' nqmpUJt.iwlimzwl1UJqmJCi (0,2 x 0,4 tll1ti), mhuwCihL11 (0,4 x 0,75 tll1tl), tlnmml1w !1Ci�pwljUJpt.ij1p (0,75 x 1,4 ul1u) h hhnw4np 11u:t:,pwl1wptl!1p ( 1,4 ut1tl-[1y wtjhl11): Lwqhpl1 tCihpqhm!1l1wl1wli gmgwCi!12Cihp[! l1w!uljwa liu Cipw mhuwl1[1g: Ufipfil}l1ww 6wnwqw1ptfwfi iwqbpw1/1fi qbfibpwwnpfibpf! plim pwqpljmu bCi hw!1 ht[J1(1111p.1mtip ('-lm): />tfUJnt[UWJ/Jfi iwqbpfibpp pCimpwq11ljmtl hli tuh11q[1wJnlj (.2nnq): Lwqhplll.J!1li 6umu1qmJpt.iwCi CinpuwtjnptlUJCi gm!-)wCil12Ci pphCij1g Cibpl1w­ Jw9Cimtl t hqn1m1p.1wfi hwpwpbpntpJmCi11 tlwljhpLntJp!1 tlwl(tphu!1u (�lmluti2 ) t1mti tuhpq!1w.1I1 fuu1mpJmfil! tlf1wqnp uwl1hpbu[1 ljpw (Q/uu2): LTwPlJm opqwCil1qtl!1 qpw 1wqhpwJpCi ownwqwJpCibpl! l(wpnq hCi mutCiwt wlitil12w4wCi l, hpl1pnpqw.1!1Ci l1huuwpwliwl1wli hhml,wfi1JCibp: Unw2!1Ci qhu1pm1f mhq)1 hCi mCihCimtl opqmCiwlj_w(i qmlj_rnfumpJmCiGhp tiwnwqwJPtuhUJp­ qwa hJmu4mo1iCihJlllH.l, !ml[ tpl[pnpq 11tummu' m11l1lignri bphntJPUbp mUJp­ pbp opqwCiCili{lllttl: lwqlipw.1!1li 6wnwqwJpmti!1g uwpqljwCig tinm ljWJ1U11 hCi wnw2wCiUJt mb­ fJWJpCi WJp4wa12ulip (2hptlw1!1Ci wq11bgmpJmu) l[UJU t1tl1mpwl1wli m �numt1tt1mpwl1wli bpl,mwuhp mwpphp opqwCiCibpmu t1hl1mpwtiwqCi!mwljwCi tuhpq!1w.1 !1 l1mmUJt1mtl!1g (nt 2tptiwJ!1Ci wqqbgmpJmCi): bplj_wp ctwtlwliwl1n4. 1wqhp!1 hbm wztuwumq tlwpql1wCig tinm Cil1wmljmtl bu hnquwompJmCi, qtluwgwlj, qpqnljwampJmCi, plij1 tuwuqw{llltti, w�pwgUJlj (bppbtiCi lPM !Jmpwgmtl) lt UJJtCi: Pwg!1 mqqwl1!1 UJql}hgmpJwCi qmwuqwqn{llltpJmCi!1g, 1wqbpCihpp w2tuw­ mmCip'1 ctwtlwCiwl1 tl!12wt1w.1pn1ti l[WPUrJ. b(i wnw2wuw1 Ciwh WJl tlmwfiqw­ ljnp h tjCiwuwlj_wp qnpanuubp, I1u.!_14pupp tu· 1muwljnp4.wompJwCi zhqmtlCih­ PI!, !mfiwgtj_wa tiwnwqWJPlllllJ!, lthlj_mpwlj_w(i plllpop 1wpqwompJUJCi wnlj_w­ JntpJmCiJ!, wqtiml11!, qpppwgj1wCi, I1Ci�pwl1wpti!1p l, m1u1pwuwCim2w t1wqmJCi

6wnwqwwnui(!, oql1 wqmnumtt.i[! 4m2m. J. 4wti qwqbpnt}, wqpbul1tl l, pmuw­ tjnp UJmpbpJ1 wnl1wJmpJntU[! h WJtU: LwqbpwJJ1u 6wnwqwwumu unptiwtjnptiwu UUJ.WU1wl1ntl uwtit1mwpw­ l1wti unptiwubpntti h umwuqwpmuhpntti [1Uqmut}wo t tfibpqb111ftljwljwfi tpu­ u;nq/1gftw hwul1wgmpJillU[1: tuhpqhmJ1l1wlJ.wu tRuUJ.nqJ1gpwu uwl1liplin1Jpl1 mhriwuwuJ1 tJ.pw [!UI.J.unq 6w11wqmw)1 tubpqt1wJJI hwpwpbpn1pJmtiti l wJq u1h11wuwuJ1 tiwlJ.h11huJiu (52nnq/uu ): l:fibpqb111ftljwljwfi l:puu;nqftg/1w1ft uwhtfwfiwJftfi pntJfW111plilft tfwlJwPIJW­ IJl! (U/iN.J) tinptiwtJ.nptlmti t wrn)1 pppJ1, gwfigwpw11.wupJI L tiwl11t1 hw11wp wnwtiopu GnptiwuhpntJ.: U.L11RJ1 hpl1wpn1pJwu (A) mwppbp mt1pn1wuh1rn1u Gnp11wtihpn4. uwhtiwutJ.mti l,u 1wqhpwJJlu 6wnwqwJptiwCi Uf<Hf-tibp' l1w}u4.wo t1UUJ.m1uJ1 mlin11mpJmuJ1g, t1uu1n11uubp)1 hw6w}umpJmCi)1g L ml,m1mpJm­ ut1g, 6w11wqwwJ1 [1Ultuh1m wulumupg, gwugwpw11.wtipJ1 6wnwqWJll4.IlTJ mh­ qwtiwut1 mpwti1uqot1g, w2Juwmnq)1 qbu1J)1 �muwJt1u 1muwtjnpntpJmuJ1g h WJtU: l!Jijll/Ullllj

tfihpqhml11J.wlJ.mfi tpmqnqllgt1wJti Uf<Nf-fi ma2ti PliPli t.. umzlJ.ti hmump

;,, lllJ.o

Uf<}-lf, Qnmt'ml2

0,200 X 0,210

10-8 10-7

0.211x0,215 0.216 X 0,290

---6

),, ol1ll 0,291 X 0,300 0,301 X 0,370 OJ 70-119 llM

Uf<}-lf, Qnm1:m12 10-5

2 X 10-3

LwqhpwJJ1Ci 6wnwqwwmut1g UJ.W2UIUJ.wutlbtm hwtiwp wuhpwdh2m t I.J.J1pwnbt l1wqtiwlthPUJ.tWltWU, mb)uuJ1l1wl1wu L uwut1mwpwh)1qJ1bu)1l1 til1�m­ gwnmtiuhp: LwqbpCibp[l u1l-.u1R t mh11.wl1wJbt tiJ1wJu hwuuul1 lJ.whwtlnptJ.wo ubuJwl1(ibpn1ti, npnug timm11JI qnwti tJ.pw UJ.bm11 t tl1wl1gtlwo tJ1u)1 1wqbpwJJlu 4.mwuqJ1 wqqwu2wti (Gl1. 20U.): Oqmwqnpot.jmti bu lJ.n1bl1mJ14 L wuhwmwl.J.wu UJ.W2UIUJ.wumpJwu tiJI2ng­ Cibp: lJ.n1blJ.mt1tJ UJ.W2UIUJ.WUmpJwu tiJI2nguhpl1g bu tl1PwCiCibp[1 (wCi11.pwqwp6J1�) h tiJ12Cinptihp[!, npnti11 UJ.bm11 t UJ.WmpwumtJ.wo l]1ubu 2bptiwlJ.wJmu CiJm­ phpJ1g h mubtiwu uitwqwqmJu wuqpwqwpotiwu qnpowlJ..119: U.uhwmwl.J.wti UJ.W2UlUJ.wumpJwfi ut12ngubpl1g bG' qjl.tiwl.J.Cibpf! h wl.J.Cing­ Cihp[!, npnCig w1qwl1t1u, lJ.w}utJ.wo 6wnwqwwt1 wtJi11l1 hplJ.wpn1pJmCit1g, UJ.bm11 t tJ1GJ1 lJ.wUJ.mwl1wum�w4.mu, Ciwpu2wqmJCi 1.J.wti wGqmJCi:

9.3.tlbli:SPUU1N-uPUUli:U1, 1iUfl.Uq.U3f&ni'U

t1hl1mpwtiwqu)rnwlJ.wG mwmwtimtiCihpJI tCibpqpwJt1 umh11.ouwu, mbqw4mJuuwG h oqmwqnpMwti hbm l1wu14.wo hwuwl.J.wpqhpf! 2p2wliw ut12w­ t.Jw .1pinu wnw2wgtimu hCi l1blJ.mpwtiwqG)rnwl1wCi qw2mbp: utiwti hwuw­ l1wpqbpJ1g b(i J1Gqml1g)mCi ltn6bp{! (11Gqml1gJinCi UIW!Jwgtiw(i mb11wl1wJwu11(ihpmti), ltnfiqbuuwumpuhpf! (11J1t1l;l1mpJ1l1 mwRwgtiwG mb11wl1m.1wui?Cih­ pmLI), qbCihpwumpulip[l, pwpop 1wp1\1uu lrnuwCiR)I ml111wtJmtuu1u(i qohp[l, _ u1pw(1u�nptiwumpubp[1, w1hhw4w11Cihp{! l, wJ1Ci: .!.wumwmmu l:thl1u1p1utiwq­ Ci)1u1ul11u(i 11w2mhpl1 W11PJmpfilipl1g bu t1hlJ.mpwuwqGJiuubp[1, 011111uon lttuti uhmwq UI lthpwtit1l11u1, WU uwqu)IUulip{!: t1hl1mpwtiwqu)rnwl1wG qw2mu mCi)1 n11n2wl.J.)1 tfihpqt1w h mwpu104.mu t t1lil1mpwtiwqu)mwl1wu wJ1111GhpJ1 mhu1mtl: t1hlJ.mpwuwqGJiuwl1wti u1wmw­ CinnHilip)1 h)n1Uwl1wu 14wpwtibmphpu bu hwCiq)rnwGmu wL1111t1 bpl11upmpim­ Ci11. mwum1CiuwCi lnu6w}umpJmU[I l, mwpwouw(i wpwqmpJmCip: LiwJuJwo UllllllllllUtllUU hw6u1}umpJmu)1g l, wL11pt1 lipl1mpntpJmu)1g' lthl1u1pwtiwqut1uwl1wCi 61u11wqwJPmll[1 pwdwutjmu l ti)1 2wpg qnmt1ubp)1 (1u11 . 10): Sm­ mw(iuwu hw6w}umpJmU[l quwhwmtjnnl t hbpgbpntJ. ( .(g): ln;lt hbpg{! utt1 111)14 mwmwumuu t tihl1 tJwJpluwumu: OchuGriwlJ. tiJiwtjnpubpu w lI11tnhhpgf! J (I 11.:.g = I O .(g), ubqwhbpg[l (I U.(g = 10 Zg) l, q)1qwhbpg[1 (I q.:,g = I o .(g): l!Jijll/UUl/j

tthlJ.1np1uu1uqfilmtulJ.1ufi <itumuqtuJplltufi 1ntipn1Jplibp(! (qn1ntifihp(!)

.!.tu6tuiumpJwli Olllllnt tulitjmlintOp 5UIO(I h111citt1lu111p,11 11fifihp glll[t<ip hwii111t11111p,1mfifi hp flqm111upu1p<ip I uu(illl tum p,1mfi (ibp q.t,pptupop lnuiiu1!ump,1mfilibi•

.!.wciwiumpJwCi qn1.11!Jli 0,003+I0.3 <g 0,3·H3.0 .!.g 3,0+1300 <g 300 <g-1•9 30 li<g 30+1300 l1.!_g 300 4.:g-119 3 lJ.!.g 3+130 lf.!.g 30+300 U-<g

Ut1Jp'1 bpqwpntpJwli <m1.11hlibnn 107·Hl6 qo I06+104 l1ll 10•+10= lJ. ll 10=+104.0 10+1 qo I lfll+IOO o 100: 10 o 10+1 o

Ut1Jp'1 bpqwpmpJwli omnm wlitlwlimon Ni,1>1n11!Jtu011 5uu'l11 l!.pttiUll(PlUlJ.Ulfi :;llUJfilUJ!Jfi b11l1lupmL11p U}11_>!1fi wL1111 4tup<i tul.111 ! OtLllllllUl1w11citu1L 111

300 lf.!.g-!19 3 q..:,g 3+130 q..(.g 30+1300 q..(.g

100+10 o 10+11,0 uo 10: 1,000

'1-bgt1ol:impm.1!1fi Uwfim!nlt.u 1pu1.1!1fi U}1L1ult.m111u.1!1fi

lfzmwl1wli uwqlijmwl1wCi qwzmJ1 (uwqCijmwumwmJ14U1ltU1Ci qwzmp) hj1uliw4wCi plimpwqJIPI! uU1qCiJmwl1U1Ci qwzml1 twpL[wompJmCili l, npl1 uh­ ampJmCi(! npnz4mu L fllllzumui qmCitlllTJ hnuU1Cipw4J1p hU1rtnPTJJ1�l1 L[pw lllq­ qnIJ. mctnl[ lt t U1L[14mu t U/u-nl[: lfzmlllltwCi I:tlil1mpw4U1Ci (tthl1mpU1umwmJ1l1wl1wCi) qU1zml1 hJ1uCiwl1wCi pCimpmqpp[! Ciptu 11up4wompJmCiCi t, np[! npnz4mu t l}lll2lllmu t1hl1mpU1ltU1Ci L11g12hpJ1 L[pw wqqllf) mctnl[ l, :U1L[1L[mu t �u-nl[: cI>nL[mfuwl1wli t1hl1mpU1uU1qCij1uml1U1Ci qlllzmCi J1pbCij1g Cihpl1mJwgCimu l uwqCiJmU1ltU1Ci lt t1hl1mpU1ltU1li qwzmbpJ1 hwuwl1gmpJmCi: UqpJnq1j19 t1hl1m­ pmuwqCiJ1uU1l1wu U1tl11�lihpl1 unupmouw(i mppntJPI!, llllllJUWlitu l1U1CinphCi, pwdwlil[mu t hplip qnmj1CihpJ1' unmwltlll (11Ciqml1gJ1U1JJ1 qnmJ1), uj1yU1Ciluw1 (11limhp�hphCigJ1wJJ1 qnmJ1) lt hhnU14np (U1tl1pU1JJ1Ci l1wu 6U1nU1qw.ipuU1Ci qn­ ml1): Unmw4w qnmJ1Ci (!Ciqqp4L[mu t 6U111U1qU1JPUU1Ci U1qpJmpj1g w1J1vJ1 hp­ l1wpmp.1wCi l/6 uwuj1 LU14ml[ zm11U14qnl[ 2112wCiJ1 mJ1pn1wmu: ..:.tmw4np qn­ mj1Ci ul1u4mu l 1uqpJmpj1g 4hq 1u1j1pj1 hpl11upmpJwCi hhnw4nprnpJmCij1g: upwlig uJ1'.i)lt qmCil[mu t uf1'.i)U1Cil1JWL qnu1J1Ci: lflllpqm opqwCij1quj1 L[pw t1lil1mpU1uU1qCiJmU1l1U1Ci 6U111U1qU1JPtiwCi lllqqh­ gmpJntCi (! ltU1futlU1a t hU16wfumpJtuCi qnmmg, hwUWUJU1U1U1Ujutuli qnmm lllqqhgmpJwCi J1CimbCiuJ1L[mpJmCi\1g, 6U111wqwwuwCi mllllT)ntpJmlij19, 6wnU1qU1JPUU1Ci pCimJpl1g (unqnqwgtlwo l1wu wCi[!Ciq.hlllm), 6U111wqU1JpuwCi 11hctJ1uj1g, UU1puCiJ1 6wnlllqWJl1llllHupL[Ilf) UU1UJ1 UU14bpbuJ1g, Ulllpqnt opqlllCipqup U111wCioCiU1hwml1mpJmCiCihpJ1g: 5U1op hwciwJumpJwup lthltmplllltwCi flU1ZU1J1 bp4wpU1mlt wq11ligmpJntCi(! llllllll'.i)wgCimu t lthCimpnCiU14U1Ci Cihpl[U1Jl1Ci l, ul1pm-wCinpwJJ1li hU1uU1ltU1Pqh­ pJ1 .'pmCil1gJ1U1Cibpl1 fuU1fummuCibp: PU1pop hU16U1fumpJmCiCihpJ1 qhtqpmu, pU1gJ1 hUlUWUUUlU tuqqbgmpJmCij1g, L[mful[mu t Ullllt lllPJWU ltlllqU(!: t1h4mpU1uwqCiJmw4U1Ci qU1zmhpl1 l1hCiuU1pU1Ciw4U1Ci lllqqbgmpJntCi (! U1p­ u1whU1JmL[mu t 2bpuwJJ1Ci lt U111J1puJ1l1 CibpqnpompJwup: QhpuwJJ1li U1qqh­ gmp.1mCi[! ltwPilfJ t hwCiqbgCibt opqU1CiJ1qup 2tpumpJwCi pwpopU1guwCi lt wnwCi6!1Ci opqwCiCibpJ1, p2J12Cibpl1, hJmuL[wopCibpJ1 mbqwJJ1Ci U1Jp4wovCibpl1: lfwPTJl1wCig unm wnw2wCimu hCi qlfuwgwl[, hnqCiwgmpJmCi, 1>Cil1 Juwfu­ mmu, upmwgwtlbp lt WJtCi: tthltmpwuwqCiJmw4wCi qwzmmu uwPfJ4wCig qmCitlbtm ctwuwCiw4wup2ng(! Cinpuwl[nptlmu t umU1CiqwpmCibpnL[:

l!JywuwlJ 23

f:tlilJ.mpmumqliJmmlJ.tuCi qm2uiJi lllll14W®lJIJIILCif!, �U

Opqm f!lipwgpmu ltlilJ.mpwuiuqliJmwlJ.wli qw2uunu uwplpll qtnlitllitm clu1uwliw1J.wuti�ngl}, pmqb

5-t•g tjlllf!]l

UmuCig uwhuuiCiwtjnulJ.urnCi

5-;-10

ni wtjbt]i, pwfl I 80

I0-;-15

u11ri,1, 90

[5-,-20

uI1liit. 10

20-,-25

til1flil, 5

L!zfuwmwmhqhprnu lnuumwmmCi uwqCilmw4U1Ci qwzml1 1wp41uompJwCi uwhuwCiwJl1Ci pmnwu1plitl1 uwl1wpqw4(! :.uitmv t qbpU1qwCigl1 8 l1U/u: lfwqCiJ1uwl1wCi l, lthl1mpwuwqCilmwl1wCi qwzmhpl1 wqqbgmpJntCil! uwh­ utuCiwL[1w4h1m UUJU1u1wl1nl[ wCihpwdbzm t 4J1pwnh1 hbml,JWL uJ12ngwnmu­ Cihpp. • wzJuwmwmhqlipJ1 tl111wCiwL[npntu[! (wCillJlWT)wpoCinq l1wu lttlllCillTJ tlt­ pwCiCihp), • wzfuwmU1u1li11hpJ1 hhmugmu(! t1b4mpwuwqCiJmU14wCi 11wzmhpJ1 U1qp­ JmpCibpl1g, • 6U111U1qtuJpm1 Ulllpt�hpl1 lt UUjlllUWpl1IlfJ wCioCiw4U1quJ1 U1ZfuU1U1U1UI1ll ntidJ1uCibpj1 ltlllpqllll[npntu(!, • CiU1fuU1qqmzU19Ci11IJ U1hwqU1Ciqll�Cibpl1 (6wJCiU1Jl1Ci, 1muwJl1Ci) 4ppwnm­ U(!, • lllUhlllUllllltlllCi llllll2UlUJU1UntpJWCi u112ngCihpJ1 oqmlllqilJlO"IllU(! (qJ1t1hl1mpl1l1 CiJmpbpj1g UJWU1pU1umL[wo wpmlllhlllqmum, lllltCingCibp (OP3-5), ulimU1qU14U1Ci gU1CigbpnL[ wpmwhlllqmum 4U1u U14CingCihp, npnCig UJhUIR t oqmwqnpob( UJU1hUJwCib1nL[ t1h4mpwU1Cil[u1U1Ciqmp­ JWCi ltwCinCiCibp(!):

7 UpmwqpwlJ.wli uwfilmnupt1w

I 0. U'V-lSU'LQ-JH·fcr3fll'-'ve fcrfll'-'LU.Ql,UPliUS'vbPti b\.l_ n1uPUPSU'v3fll'-fcrbPl• <!.bS UCluUSbltiU q_JntI1tuU1Ciutliump.1mCin11I h 11wqwptuJ!1li mCimhumpJtUCi 4w(iw� wt4tum­ tiw(i qnponnI qCitutntJ tut.Jbtl1 ttuJCi mwpwomti h(i qmumti pmffwpJnit1l1wmCih­ Jl[1 l1 t4tuptuJ1U1UIUJlllplip[1: '1-pw(ig wqqliympJn;Ci!1g tiwpq4wug tinm 4mpnq Lu wuw2wGwt tJ.Ciwu­ tJ.wo11uhp (hwml1rnu1t.u' wrntpt1 tit2 [ICilJCibtJm), pmuwtjnpmti t1wti tiwuuwqJ1mtulJtuCi hJ1tJ.wCiqmp.1muuh11: lftuPJllJtuCig htutitup hwmlJtut4l:iu tjuttuCiqwtJ.np bu pmuwp!1tit1t1wmuh11[1, npnup oqmtuqnpotJ.mti tu pmJul,pJ1 tJ.CiwuwmmCihpt1 qhtl (11Ciuhl1mJ1nJ111 (il,J1), hl1tJ.muqmpJmCiCibpJ1 qhtl (:f>mCiq!1g!1quhp) l, tinttuJun­ mbpJ1 qhtl (hbpp)lgJu1Citp) l4lllJQtupl1 [!Uptugpmti: Cum pmCiwtjnpmpJtuCi wumii6wuJ1' pntnp pmuwp!1ti!1l1wmuhp[! ptu<twu­ tJ.mti tu �npu Jutip)l. I. mdhq wqqnq (tJ.1tup!1qJtuCi lttuCitu�, Pl"Pll!l1l1pl1Ci, qpwunqwu, mJm.'fmu

h WJLU),

2. pwpop pmuwtJ.npntpJtuCi (PpntituJJ1Ci tihppt, 11!11,nnptpwu, hht4mtup­ tnJl, gJ1Ci4J1 :Pnu:t>llll h tuJtCi), 3. tiJ12J1li pmliwtJ.npmpJtuCi (:t>nptiwtJ1Ci, 4wppn,'1mu, lJntt4npnu, ptnpn:t>nu h WJLCi), 4. pJ1� pmuwtjnp (ut1tituqp.Ci, pnPJlilJtu2mp, aomtip, aotiptuJl1Ci til1tugmp­ JmCiutp lt lUJtCi): u2tJ.tuo pntnJl pmuwpptit14tumul:ip[! ]uwnutJ.mti hu oqt1Ci' tjm2m, qtuqhp!1 lJtuti qntnp2J1CihpJ1 mhupntj: UJu mtuwl1hu1J1g 2wm 4wpltnp t CiptuCig t4tuht4wutiwu, oqmwqnpatltuu lt mbqtutJ.m]utiw(i wutjmwuqmpJtuU lllll!tuhntJ.mti[!:

Cum utuCiiimwptulttuCi CinptituCibpli, lttu]utJ.tuo ll!llihll!tuCitlnq CiJml}Jl ptuCitu­ ltlig lt tl.Cituuw4tupmpJtuCi wumii6tuulig, qptuCig ll!Whll!tufitituu hwtitup Ciw­ ]utumbuqtuo ll!lllhbum(ibp[! ll!hUlp t mbqtuptu2]utJ.bu puw4btl1 2tupbplig npn2tu4J1 hbntuqnpntpJlUU qptu: UJUll!bU, opJiuwlt, hwupwJJIU ll!lllJllUJlUllUUJDl98

pbpl1 uJtuhhumuhpp u1hmR t qmCitjh(i puw4tutJ.tuJphpJ1y n� l4wl1wu, Rtufi 200 ti hhntuqnpmpJm(i qptu, hwuuw.1t1u l4lUJlWJlUllUUJlllphp!1 l, t\)1Ci�l, 20 mnuliw mw111111mp.1wtip pmuwp!1til1lttumuhpl1 l4WhhumCil,p[!' 300 ti, 50-100 ut pmliwpJniJ 1l1wu1Ghpl1 14whhum(ibp[!' 400 ti, 00-300 m-J1 Inutiu1p' tutlbtl1 pmCitupJult1l1wmGb11!1 m-Jig l, ti hwtitup' u1-t1 500 ti, 300-500 J1 ubp1Jl1Ci l4U1U1hp)} tlptu: rr1whhumuhp JtuCi hlmwtlnpntp ti u1whbuu1Gbpp' t muhCiwG hwpp u1tu1p ) p\;umumu1wm l1mti mtmwu1mm p (wu.' L hwumtlJ11 g: CliGm1 J1ut1 mwli!11J[! tuu2pwptuq1wCi Jmtip, plipmp l n11112mt1J1 timl1h11l,mJp' UGhJHU� 011wCiy11Ghp: GwJuwmhuqtuo hUIUlU(l nqtutlmlut\lUU muUim u1hutp l pw.1g 2tG12mti, umJG t4whtl.J1 I. tl)limR tuJtCi, lt qmJthJl pmhhp, dh2m qmm1!' Jmti: WUU1Got1li uhGJWl Iuuml1tl l1l,pu1ntl wpqt,tt.Jmti 1. hl12Jw1 qmml1 oqmtuqnpomti[I tuJL lil4U1mml1Gli11!1 hunlmp: fmuGwpt1tiJ1l1wmGh11[1 J1pwp �]umnlihtm Cil4tumw4ntj' u1u1htjnni Mi hwu1wl1!1G fJptlwo, hwumtlJ wt.imp mwpwGhpmti: l!pqhtt.Jmti I: pmGwpl1ti!1l1wu1Cibp!1 hhm CimJCi ul,Ci.1ml1mu UJtuhht ppmlibp 4u11I u1m11w11mu1(i.1mplip. lnu mlJtUUJ hu' tutin(itunut1 ulitJm1pm, unu4hp�nu:i>wm l, PI_nprn­ ltl1p: Ul4tuUtupl1nq tuCi6(iwl1wqtil1 lnutiUtp GtuJutumbuqwo Ult1lUG0GwuhGJwlm L t1hGgwqwJt1G WJL uliCiJtulJCihp[! llJhU1R t l4WU1hpntl tunUICioGmgtjwo L11fih(i u1whbumwuhCiJwl1!1g: 5wG4wtJ1 t tJh112!1CiCihp[! mhqtuptuzluht wuwli6!1G 2tCi­ umti: '1lwhliumuhpJ1 ZlllJl2 UJhUlJl I: tl1lit1 gtuCilJUlll!lUUl, np)1 (ihpumti UJbUlp t Gwtuwmhutl.)1 Gwlt hpwt4wptulf tih11hGwGhpl1 htutiwp: lwhliumt1 mbplmmpJ1w.1mti Gwiuwu1hutJ.mti t hmmmlJ mtq' oqmmqnpo­ tJ.wo u1w11wGh11!1 hwtitup, npnlip hhum u1Jpntti tG' tin]uJ111l! pmTJhtntl Imrtl1 tib9: U1,mwqwl1wG mwptuCihp[! qGmuu1qbpoqmti tu hwmmlt tmi'lmJpCihpntj, np!1g hburn ttlm9qmti 2pntl: ltJ.wg11w2php[! pwtlitJ.mti hG htummlJ WJI} Ul4W­ um1l1)1 hwtimp tJ.mptjwo qmuhpl1 tit2 lt owolttlmti hnqnq: ''ltuhbumGhpJ1 mh­ J1lmmpt1mu n1hm12 l l1wGm�tul4WU1h( Ciw]uwmhuhtntl hw4whP11hhwJ!1G qn­ mt1Gbp: lwhhuumtti l4hU1JJ t CiwJuwmhuht hw4whP11hhmJ!1G pntnJl ti)12ngubpu m tiJ19ngwnnnlGt,p[!: UJumbq l4hmp t wnl1w tJiGhG qhqwp4TJhp' pntnJl wGhpw­ dt2m u1tm1mmfihpntl lt qhqhpntl, t1Ci�l4hu uwL.' mhluuJ14w4tuCi lt Jutih1m 211!1 onpwl1Citp, gCigmTJCihp, hwuqhpowpwG: U2Juwu111qGh1111 u1hm11 t wugmo tJiCihu wuqmtuGqmpJwCi mt]uGJ14wJJ1 qonq mumgmti L. hptuhtuCiqwtJ.npntti, pd2lttulttuCi ummqmti lt mubuwu wJCi­ mbq w2]uw mhtm htutitup pmJLmtlmpJmCi: luumJuJ. wpqhttlmti t l4tuhhumt1 Ghpumti uuCiqtutipbppli l1wti 211!1 ll!Wh­ ll!WCintti(!, t1u2 li!tu Citult uuuqJ1 [!CiqntGmtil!, a]uhur

fihnliw1,Jl1tiJ1l1wmfitpI1 UJ.WhUJ.wfitiwCi tj_1wl1 mwpwCitpl1 tj_pw lm4mti t(i 111tnnu1l1Citp' wCitj_wCimtin4 t. UJ.Whu1wfitiwli m oqmwqnpcrtiwfi hpwhwfiqlih1m4: -RI1ti)1l1wmCihpl1 unupwCitp[l Ci2wqcrtj_mti h(i mwpptp qmJlil1 Ci;,wCiCihpntj_' ()1liubl1mI1g)llJ-Uhp[1' uh, �mtCiql1glllJ-Utp[1' l1wfiw2, hhppl19Ju1Cibp[1' l1w11til1p): (f}whlmmI1 Cihpumti pmCiwpl1ti)1l1wmCibp[1 mbqw4npmti tu )utiphpn4' [!Ulll liptuliq pmCiwtj_npntpJWU l, hpwtj_mwCiqmpJwCi: /1np1p Cihptimo-4nri t. pwg pm1CitJ.ru1 li_1mptpl1 4hpwpbp.1w1 q11w1m1tiCihJ1[1 ljLUUILUptj_ ntU t(i hwumtlt tlLUULJWUfitpmU, npnfiv ll!liUl)J I_ UJ.Ulhtj_li(i hU1Ull1tlt ml,qhpmti' tj_1wl1I1 mwl1: lnupl,np lil1�mgwnmtI t tqu1hhumfilip)1 w)umwhwGntti[l, npl1 umu)1G Ciw­ Jmu1ql,u u1hmp l hu1.1mGh1 (f}hmwl1wfi uwli)1mwpwl1wfi awnw.1mpJmfiCihpl1Ci: l!.Juu11ulnu(i4ru1 opJlil1mI1 tj_pw tLililllR t uwhuwCitJ.11 2mp2opJU1 hul1n11mpJmli: ..:.bpp1mqu1h m2JuwmruifihJ1p u1tmp t I1limfiw(i pmCiwCiJntphp)1 hhm 4wp4ttm m(i4um1(iqmpJU1Ci l1wfinfifihp[1 l, wu1mlmtj_tj_wcr tl1Cib(i wCihpu1dh2m u1mzm° 111tu(imp.1mG tII19ngCitpn4: ll]uu1 1ulnuCimtip l1wuuup4mu t +10 C-)1c1 pmpap t. ° n� · w4htl1 nwfi +25 C 2t1111wumI16wGI1 u1wJliwCiCitpntt1: ll]uunuhwfiowti dwut1tmfihpl1 uwu)1Ci hmJmCitJ.11111 t. 2112wltwmt1 pCiwl1�mpJWfi[1: l!.Jumwhwfimti[1 ltwmwpn111 Mi hptp t. wtJ.btl1 wCiqwtI mCihgnq pp)1qwq114: ll2Juwmwfi1Jfihp[1 l1wmwp4nn\ li(i hwltwqwqtp hwqwcr: (flwhbuu1I1 pntnp 1muwummfibp(i m oqwGgpCitp[! tqtmp l tj_1wl1 tl1tih(i: ..:.w11wu1wmwutuw(i LJW(itul1I1 wfumwhwfirui CiJmp pu1g pruifit1mg htmn wpwq tj_1wl1tJ.mtI l mw­ pw.1I1 bnpwlt[l, hwqgtj_mu unupwJI1 l1wtJ.1wp)1z[1, npl1g htmn w2Juwurnrifihp[! rimpu lifi qwtlm u1whtumJ1g, bmol1mu 11.nm(l, wu1w Cinp hwfimll hwltwqwqb­ pp: ..:.pu1lnufiql1Ci hwUWUJ.WULwu)uw(i dwuwfiwl1w11t12ngl1g hhurn, oqm4m­ ]umpJwCi hwtiwp, pwgmu b(i qnfitp[l, 1muwummfitpp t. oqwfignfitpn:

fihnCiu1Ci.1mpbpl1 h UJ.wpwpu1wCiJmphpl1 tj_mfuwqpuwfi hwuwp oqmwqnpo4nr i w4mntibQbfiwCitp(i m mtJuCiI1l1wl1wfi WJL til12ngCibp[1 Ulbmp t hmUWUJ.W­ mwutuwtiliCi CiuwCi w2fuwmwULJCihpl1 l1wmwpuwfi 4wCinCi(ibpJ1 u1whwfi2Cih­ p)1Ci: llCihpwot2m t oqmtJ.ht ht2m uwpptj_I1IJ. h tj_wpw4wqbpbtj_I1IJ. pwtJ.11JbpJ1g: fchuCiwpJ1ut1l1wmCibpJ1 hbm, CimJCi pwipJ:?ntJ., wpqb1tJ.mu t mtqwtj_mJub1 UWlllJ-lttuCig, u(ifiqtulif}bpp, 2mp 4wu WJL CiJntf}bp h ppbp: Sbqwtj_mfutl.Illl pm­ CituQI1tII1l1wmCitp(! 19tj_mu t(i qnpbwpwfituJpCi 4wu hwmmlt WJ'l UUJ.wmwl1J1 hwuwp'Ciwfuwmbutj_wb mwpwCibpJ1 ut2: PbnCiuwCi, pbnfiwpwtj_1uwa nfipwg100

L

LJlllU u1bmp t fumuwtj_1t1 gfig mt1tihpJ1g, hwp4wbCibpJ1g, CiJnt}}Jl wpmwhnuLJllCJ, pJ12h1mg: bpt CiJntp[! pmtj_14h1 t qlimGJ1G lttuti WJl wnwp4wfilipl1 tj_pw, wu1w 1111,mp I. ol;nCiwpltht lllJ'l mtqu1uumJ1 4GumwqtpMwti tIJ12ngwnnuilihp: cJ>ntmu1111wtII12n9Cihpl1 pwtJ.1LJp �tttlimp l mfilitiw wfigpbp lttuti 6li11Rlip: ll.1ti 1qhmp 1. 1J1(iJ1 tj_1wlt, Imlt pmg ptutj_1phpntj_ ml111wtJ.mfubtlm' UJlllPI! lllhu1p t q1wl14l1 btuo4nqn4: ..:.trimlt u1wpwpmwfiJmphpli m pmCitutJJ1tIJ1l1wmlih11n uit.mp l. t11l,ritu4rnJul;1 hwuunl1 w4um9lmmt11Gn4: ..:.pu14unu(iq pm (i m1>J1tIJ1l1tumtilipl1 (11l11nnplpmfi, utpJ1u1pn11J11. mnp1utuwn­ Cimpfj l, lllJ!U) mliq1utJ.mtuuwCi hwuu1p oqum1qnpo4nn\ hfi tH,uuuqwl1mli pw4qJl,pn4 lllitJh(iwtilip, npnlip tqhmp I: wu1whn4tl.wo tl1Cibli woimupptJ.w.1I1Ci­ Pl1lll\l.pl11tu.1)1li tu1wl1tiwpt1�tihpn4 l, 11t,ritupl111bpn4: cJ>n]umqpwtII12119Cihp)1 tupu1q111pJmlig .'.lllhmp t qbpwqwfigl1 40 ltti/d-119: I. liuwfi tu2fuwmwliplih11l1 l1wmwpmU[1 11wnw}umqJ1 dwtiwfiwl1, lpqt.141110 l l1li�u1hu Gm\, uwngu1l1w1wo 6wCiwtqmp.hCihpntj_: '.JJ1 pm.11tuu1ptj_m11 phnliw411p4wa uh1�hfiw.1I1 l1wtiqwnn tj_bphmGbpl1 t. 4w.1pt2ptihp)1 tj_pw, )1(i,<.14hu liwl, pliwl11u4wJPt1m1tI: utlwu 11tphtiwtihp)1 4pw tqbmp t tl1libti hwuwu1wmwutuwfi Ci2mtICihp' «fihllJU t», «fihltliwtj_np t», «.::pm4unufiq t», I1Ci.'.u1hu liwt. l1wpnq I: pwtJ.11lll ltI1IJ.QI1Ci qptJ.bt mruiwtJ.mtutJ.rui liJmpJ1 tuli4wumti(!: 1 o.3.

oq.s uq.nratruu uu,ts u1,q.nMa-am-ue

fd111tiu1LJ)n\J1l1wmfihpl1 hbm w2tuwmb1m pmJ1wu1ptj_mu bfi wnru12, po2l1w­ l1wfi ummqntti wfigu1a, �wtj_lwhwu wCiaI1Cip, npnfi!) 1wtJ. bwCinp h(i WJ'l CiJm­ phpl1 hwml1mpJmfiCibpl1 hhm l, qlm1hG Gpw(iq hhut 6112m tj_wptJ.litm lttuCinCiCih­ P\1= 'l,24wo wG0)1ti1J po2l1wl1mli ummqmll tu wligCimtI JntPWRtufi2Jmp 4hg wtIJmtl tihlt wliqwu: l!.2Juwmop4w mltI1qmpJntfi(! zUJ.hm[> t qhpwqwfigl1 6 owuJ1g, Jmlt mdhq wqllilll 1m1Gwvt111t1l1wmCil,pl1 hbm w2Juwmttlm· 4 dwut1g: Optj_w tICiwqwo m2fuwmwdwtihp[! oqmwqnpatj_mu bti pmfiwLJ)1tII1l1wutlihpl1 hbm lttulll intfih9i lll WJ [ w7JUWU1U1U I?fitpn1U: fd-mliwLJI1U:)1l1wutCihpJ1 hbm wzfuwmwfipp ul1qpl1 h mLnqmpJtuCi uwuJ1Ci hwJmlitj_mu t pfiwlt,<.ntpJtuU f!, wCiwuliwlllwhfit11I1li, pniCiwpmJbfihpl1Ci, ubq­ tj_wpmJalibpJ1Ci l, pmohJ1uCiwpl1GbpJ1Ci: lJ2w4tJ.Illl mbqwuwuJ1 uwhuwCiCitpJ1g 300 u hbnwtj_npntpJtuCi tj_pw mbqtulttuJtj_mu h(i CiwJuwqqm2wgUI1IJ. Ci2wfifibp u qpnt}}Jmfiubp: IOI

fct-n1uw11)1t.i!1l1wmuhpl1 hbm w2fuummqubp)1 htuuwp Ciwfuwu1butlwo 11w2mwJl1li muwl1lih11I1 U(bUlfJ t mCihCiwCi fiw)uwumu1v l, pfiwlJ.b!lt ubCiJwl1: UJG­ mh11 u1lm1p t u2mwll(lm mfihfiwt wnw2J1fi oqfimpJwfi qhqwpl111' rn1np wfi­ hpwcHqm u1�um1wfihpmj h qbqbpml, 11.jwgwpwa, iJp)1 unupwguUICi hUipuw­ pUifip, Juuhtm 11U1pm11 2mp h l{pwljuwpJ11fihp: uw]uU1umu1pmu wfihpU1dh2m t uU1ppw4nph1 gCigmq lt hUifiqbp<iUipw(i' um11mp l, pwfit.jnpwl1wCi luuqmum)1 hwuwp: frhn(iu1p)u1)1l1wmlihp� hbm w2)uwmb1m 4wJpmtI U(t.mp t mfihfiw1 4wp1u4.wqtpauw(i l1lm1: O-limj1Cih hpl1w11w6)1pn l1n2)1l1fihp{l l1 c.\hnfingCit.pp t.jwpwl1wqbpomu bu hwmmlJ. 1rnbmwnt.1 (l1w111J1muwg4wo urn1wJJ1 3-5%-wfing 1momJp, 1nnpw­ l1l1p, uJ1Ciphu1J1l1 f4l11911I'l fiJmllhp): ..:.w11wqmql,11J1 L 2Ci1.U1q!n[wl1fibp)1 uw4.hplt11tJPI! u2wl1mu bfi t1wm�mu)1 uwpqwfigwpp4)1 (l11u19Jm1till(hpuwfiqwuwm) 0,5%-wCing 1m<t111Jpnt.j, olmph­ PI!' wuJ1wlJ.)1 3-3.5%-wfing, l1wtJm1uu1bpuwfiqwtimmJ1 0,5%-wfing l1wu 1nn­ pwlJ.p)1 1momJ1lnt.j: Urimnm4wo wpmwhwqmuu11! L lnummL1 l1n2l1ljCil.ip{l 4w­ pwlJ.wqbpomu hfi lnummlJ. mhqhJllltU' mbqw4m}uh1nt.1 4nul1 wplJ.qhJU14: l!.2fuwumq(ihp)1 24m1ul! pmfiwpJ1uJ11.J.wmfibp)1 hhu1 4111ppwgfib1m (itqw­ mwlJ.n4 wfihpwdh2m t hfitupw4npJ1fi �w41 ubphfiu1Jwgfih1 pmJu}1 upulJ.uwu Li tfm2nmuwa, uhpubpJ1 wJumwhwfiuwfi, pwfi4npwl1wfi hbqmlJ.Cihp)1 m tlm2m U(U1U1[1U1UU1UWU w2fuwmwfi12Cil:ip{l: 'l-w2mwJ�Ci pnLJubp)1 m ownbp!1 tlm2num1U{l u1hm11 t. l{wmwpht u�wJCi wnw4nu1.rwa L t1phl111.1rnfi dwtihppfi, hpp 11wum wpwqmpJnLUf! 111 qhpwqwCi­ gmu 2 uftlplH1g, tiut1 uput1uwa qtummu' 4 u/4pli-t1g: Ubphfiwfi Ufhmp t w2fuwmligCiht wJfiUfbu, np tlm2l1fi IJ.wu wt}ll1qnm (umull(bfiq!1wa, tumtuJ1wfi} gpl{bCi pwum nfipwgpp mqqmpJwup h zqwfi qb­ u1}1 w2fuwmnrm: Upu4J1zfihpl1 l, 4m2nmJ11CibpJ1 u1wpwfihpf! h ]unqnt.jwl1w2wphpf! 1UfliUip t mfihfiwfi pwg mhqhp, npmtq!1g hCiwpwqnp wUJ1 pmfiw1>)111]14.wmp i_fiwfuw­ mhutlwo wpmwhnu12: lJ112m u1t;u1p t ummqtlbCi l1 l1wpqwtlnpqbfi pwfiww­ Cihpfi m 4.1w4.wfifihpp: .Pwuwu1ubp{l Ufbmp t pwgb1 UIIWJU w2}uwmwmhqmu' m2fuwmwfipfibp[1 ul1uh1mg wfiu}12wutl:m wmu2, Jm\1 qw2ml1g qmpu qwl]m qpwfip Ufbmp t wfiut12wtqhu ipwltbt: lf2mwuthu Ufbmu t ummqbt uqpz, zwipl1i., hutit1z h whwqwfiqp:_ uwppbp}I hmumt]mtpJntfi[l lt qpw(ip utlllhht uwpppfi 1U16w4.nui: l!pqhtl{nnI t upulJ.p1fihpJ1 h ipnznmpi_Cibpp oqmwqnponulf! WJL CiutwmwlJ.­ CibJ1Dl{: upwfip utbmp t l{wpwltwqbpatlbfi hwmmt1 WJq uuiwmwltnt.l. fiwfulll·

mliut.jwo mh11t.rmu: '.Ji1 pntJJtumpt.jmu m2Juum1wfip)1 t.jwJpJ1g hlm1 4hpm­ ri wrotiht pmGtupJ1uJ1l1wmt1 :oqmwqnpc'Hlw<), wt.1.h1mgwo tiwup: U.JCi u1bmp t WJJ1l,1 I1w111-�wqli1 hmmmlJ lmphpmti: fihnCiwpJ1u)1l1um1CihpJ1 hl,m l1wmwpt.jilIJ w2Juwmwfipfibp(! u1hut!] l Jmlit.llili l, 11t,I1w4mp4hfi nplit u1wunuuJumfiwmm wuc.\Jt I1nqtil1g, npf! li2w­ (iwlit.1111u I. qlil1m!J.m11l1 qpw4.np hptuuwfint.j:

JOA. l_1_1.,.:.L1.Sl1.l1l1u ''ll�/'.::,S(J\U,1,0Hit3l!u U,1.,2!181.,hPQ fcrnJ·ul_1_.f�l'lll'LJl.!.S1,b p]1. nt· ''ll�Pl.!J'Sl!1,30Hitb P(1. .:.bS l!CID US blblJ

fil111 Citup)1ti)1l1wmlil:ip)1 l, 1qwpwpmwfiJmphpJ1 U(tuhtqwCitiUIG, 4.mluw­ qpuwli l, oqmwqnpMmfi u12Juwuuufipuhpn1u qpwritlwo w2fuwumriat1p)1Ci mptlmtl li(j hwuuult Ul[lUJUlhWqmuUJ 11 WUfUihn�Jlz hutjlllW[lUlUpfihp (l1np!1li)1qn(i(i[,p. t1112J1l1ut,11. hml1rnqwqhp, 2fi:_wqptiwl1fihp, olmfingfihp, wl1Cingfihp): ''lw2um1wliml1wti ti)1}'nglihp[1 u1tmg t odm4wo IJ1lilifi pwpop u1w2mu1u1CimCiwl1mpJwllp, hw11uwprnt.jhmmp,1wtip h pu1t.jwpw11hCi mhfufi)1l1wt1wfi, qh11mqlm1wl1wa l1 l:pqnfintiJ1l1wl1wu U(U1hwu2Cihp{l: <1>112hliuwfi pmfitupJnSJ1t1wmfih11J1 l, tqwpwpmwCiJmphpJ1 hbm w2fumumq­ ubp11 oqmmqnpomu Mi uwqw4.wpmuhp I, pwupwluw l1nupI1CiJ1l1nfifihp, npnCip t1wpnq bti CibpM4mo tJ1ub1 funGwt1wrnfipwl[1wfig fiJmpbpn4: 5mpm 211iwG111u w2fuwu1h1Jrn wuh11wdt2m t l1J1pwnb1 mwn wpmwhw­ qmum: -=.t,qml1 li.1mplipJ1 hhm w2fuU1mm1Gbppfi hwmlJ.wgtjmu bfi wu211wpw41wfig w1nnmhtuq111um, c.\hnfingfibp L t1n2!1l1Cihp: ll�pli11p 41112mfJ n1w2mu1wfihtm Citqwmwl1nl[ l1!1pwnt1mu tfi 3n3-84, 3n2-84, nOJ-90 l, ]Hl-70-21 t11wl1 wlJ.Gngutp, pul1 qntnp2J1fitpt19 Ii hbqm4 4m2mg u1m2um1wat,1m UUfU1U1wqntl' no-3 mlJ.CingCihp: fch11fiu1pJ1upl1wmulipJ1 tum1u!1wfibp}I, puml1fihp)1, 1mi.l'mJpfihpJ1 hbm w2Juwmh1Jm wtih11tudl,2m t oqmwqnpoht uJ1fipbmJ1l1 l1wm1mljpg hwl1wppl[w­ J!1Ci obnGnfJUhp, Jml1 tlm2m hhm w2furnmlitJm' u)1Ciphmplt 1wmhpufibpn4 OW(Tl(t.jwo pWUJ]UllLJW obnfingfibp: l Cfi1wnwl1wfi opqwfifibpl1 U(UllUlUfWUmf}JWfi t t12ngfibp[! l11fimu bfi qmllI'I (Cibp2Gz4IlIJ oql} uwppl{mtl t hwumtlJ wqunppwgfiilIJ h qumq mwppliJ1Dtl} li uhl1muwglilll'J (uwpmp oqn i.wqummtlwo mwpwompJmfipg qbutl1 l 2Gi.wnw­ l11u(i qnu1p' qJ1uwl1l1 mwl1 uwmmgl{mu t fumln4.wl.J.Cibp!1 oqfintf}JWt p): !lUilll'J uwppbppg t(i' wnmfig qiwl.J.wfi)1 WE-1, Y-24, «Uumpw-2», <I>-62W, PY-60 h

Pnf-67, nw- 1, nW-2 2ti�W!]J11lu1l1Ghp[!, W[1U1Wl1PWl1w(i qu11111 l11114wqwqh­ [lf1: lJbl1muwglin1J uwppbpJ1g ltJ1ptumjm11 bG nw-L n W-2 Ju1111nt.jtulttuJJ1G h1ul1wqtuqhp[1: Umlnptuptup, 2G�tu11!1llw4Gl,pG I1pliligl1g Gbpl{1u.11ugG11111 Lili ui,u1l1li)1g l1l1mu11)1Lltult, npnGg I.lbs, mbqtu11pt.jn11.Y t u1tupphptup1up t.j1mJmiutlnTJ A. 6, r l, h.,\ 11u1l1Gl12)1 qumri t.jltu11tl_1m2mtibp!1g n11l,t ublm: .'.hnu.'pnpopqtulitulttuti l, JJ\llf10f1qtuli1ul1u1ti G.1mpbpl1 qn1np2)1til,pl111 1111u2u11111u(i1Jh1m UUJIUllltulplt.j zG�tuIJ!llllllltlih111111Y oqmtuqnpot.jrnll hli A (tuztmu­ unu[ipu1Jl1G 10 hl,p1)tut.jm!ul1 htulltup) I, 6 (w2fuwmtuliptuJI1ti 7 h\ipptut.jm)uI1 hu11lu111) utultG 112)1 t.j1tul.lt.j11112u1tihp. uti11111111 opqtuG tulJwG 11I11ugrn p.Jrn liGbpl1 (Jll\llfl}lltihpl111 11JlU2UlUJllltit{litm GUJlUUJtu\1114' r (u1m2u1111w[innl l 30 dtuu), Irnl1 1mll1tul1I1 l, OOl.lplU}1JllUO[i11 (}ll[np2l1tib11llg UJU12lllll(UIUt.jl,tm [iu1wunu timr h., \ tltul1GI12l1 t.j1tul.lt{1m2u1libp: �Wt\lUUUlUU t.j1wut.j11112u1Gbp(i oqu1wqnpot.jmu hG tiu1l, zli�wuwl11uG 011qwCilihp[l l, w�php[1 t4tuzunl(w(i1111 1upU1WIJpw4wG hwl1tuq1uql,pn11I: lun!]nt.jwl{tuJl1ti lnul1wqwqti mtil1 UWT]tutl_tupu1-11I111tul1, 01u11nut.jnp fu11J1n­ t.jwl1. nbml1GI1g fullJlnt.jtult l, 01111 qml1r l!.t{htl1 uwpmp mhTJl1g OIJ t.jhpgCihtm tiu1u1mwl1ntl' tunrint{tul1l1ti uI1wgt{wo qmI1� mmt{111 l1wph tJ1 t 11Glq w2)mumw­ u1haj1g IO u hbnwt.jnpn1p.1wG t.jpw: nW-1 htulttuqWq[! UtUfutulllbUt.jWO l Llhlt 0Wfllll1l, lmlt nW-2 htulJWqtu­ qp' 1111wctw11tuGtult bpl1m llWPIJlll UU(lUUtuplJhtm htuuwp:

S:1111/t.11/wir I

q.mqhpl1 t.. qn1n11zl11ihpJ1 umhtltulim.1!11i !}lllJltuwphtl1 pw11wqpm!}Jll\lif! zhlip}l lihpuJ1 oqmu N!!

'-llmuGqiutJ.npmIIJlllfi l}lUUl!

Umhuiu6mJJ1Ci JlnLJLU1tnphtl1 plUJ\lU'lllntflJlllfi{!, Kp, uqllf3

I

l�1\]uul1

l�gt.111n!i

J

PMiq]1(i (1J11111l,pu(iJmp)

JOO

PLGq!1Ci (Lm<>!1�)

JOO

L1li111111!1G

JOO

�ilJrnullG!1 t,pl10JJL1(111

l:p)11m.1J1Ci un1!1p1n!1 qn1n112[1lit,11

I ll[]1111!111u111

JOO

')

J!pl]I

�

IO

J\1111[1 hpl1ov11J111. l'lll[lt11_1!1G 11111hj11111]111. unqbt\w

.l

IO

Pliliqn1

I n,p)lllugt,,nu1m

�

lOO

Gil 1\pu1ppm

tiMpu12JHllllj1G

IO

�111uppm

llj1ci)1ci

I

0,01

Oqn!i

I

O.l

IS

J.!lip!1t]mLL\ t, llJllll 1\JHugmp_1mCi-

I

0.001

3,0

3,0

lJ

UCitJ.mCinu'il!

liliJl

t5jmu!umn fil-hJ

<.wtflip/uu'T 4

.:mqliJf/lllb 2 . '

uJntpbpJ1 21:ipumbwqnJlJl:tu�wfimpJntfil! (2bpumhm1tnpq1huli qnp<l'1ult(l9J!)

Stu11plip tfmmliqtul{npntpJtufi wumptitufip 6JntplipJ1 l{fimutu�wpntpJtul.i gntgwlipzli lipJ! 8mgwlifilll

vnpuwli �um ttm1uuqwt{np.mpJwG rimu)i

•lliu111wl1u1p. h pmliun(np. fiJ1upl, p)1 lJ/itP-fi U!19wtlWJp.)1 oqnnl, uq.'u U{J' 1--fi UUllllUOpU umfilil1111· I 11<1 l1bli11wli)1 pmj1fi UlJfl-fi 11m;,qmj Gb 11pwljlwllr1b 1J111' 1lq .11111n11pmfi�m11 I l1q L1t.th1111fi)1 pm;l11l l flf')..(i tl(lj>llltj_lUJJl!l O!llllll. oq:113

I

o.1-119 !!Pi

0,I+1.0

LO+IO

1mj!itJ1 p1u(i 10

I

1 5-1 1911!1:

l l 0-)1g p)1;

15+150

151+5000

1111!litJ111mli 500

LO ll 100+500

501+2500

02-0T,

.ShJ>lllfillLJllll

0,21-0,23 0,3-0,8 0.3

tnuuwnli flhumH <f>m1m

<.wtfl;1z/wb 5 'l.1mpbpl1 uiliutu\1upmp 21:ipumlimqmpJmliJ! (C1) t. hwLlitufi 2b11uwump61u(il! (t tmi}

500-119 Pl•�

501+5000 5000+50000 H11!l,1J1 pu,li 5000

N2

NI!

'-lwnlittuGJmpjl wut{wumu[!

I

5!1ip.uw111t{mpJmlin, Q � , IJ.Qlliq

Pbfiqp{i

11000

'l-pqliLtuJltG 4.wnbtl1p

10000

�ll)l t)llUJUI

J:!1u111uim1tu l1!ipnu)1u

11000

lrnpu

lTwqmp

vmtl.p

10000 11000

UuJlip.m

Snp.�

II

<1>1uJmp mw2bq

fip.u Jb u u1wJowumqwu t{wnbt11pp upw1{np. t nuqmut{wtt

lllnqnpuu 1 f<hn2 lllqJ1G6 LwmmG f!Jmfiq Uunulpfi Uu1wl t l1

.2b p 1ltuhw11n1111 mt1m6mp JntO[!, K, 1i.2.u 2 ·d·0c 39-70 43-54 36-210 30-108 100-160 0,4-l,0

1m1t.1 J1 puru 250

I

I

1,jlllpliJlll Ul!il(UIUlllll l)

N1

II

\JJmpt1 1l1 tufitjmli11ul(l UuuulJ1!i P.tmn G .211111 q,.!l19t p.l1!i <!>UlJUl

b 11qwp b1 1q1up[! 1530-3000 ° C-mu Out1p Y.hpnu)1u Uiumu l111u1mfi UmnmJg U'u1qmp UbpllGtuJtuqtuu JnUJ lnup 111qj166 \,fi1l ht "1wpwtip.li tl)11u1tptithli Uliq}iq Up6J1ti Upttwp "1lll)UjWtn UuimlJ.]1 8)1GIJ. fchi19

Sbuwqtup.tup. 2tplimfimbntTllntUO [l,2/IJO • '·'C 0,21 0,21 1,0 0,58 0.65

0,11

0,20 0,()3 0,5 0,18 0,09 0,5 0,5 0,5

0,94

0,093 0,11 0,77 0,55 0,03 0,031 0,05

0,11

0,20 0,091 0,13

<.WtUWU 2l:i11uwumhtiwlin. "C

-

-

I

I. lllmmfilihn It 7111Juuu1 (ib11 llhumli It hpt1111ppl,umfi, 2rn11 mj11Uh1 1 S111.'t1u1ph 11111li llllu'iqmplmm(i 'l\hut1un111plrn111li <l>p1[111111ptun111i 8t.1n,lillllllllll(lllt]IIIJjl(i

l',(1lim11ur11ml1111li t1u1m1191!111i'lJll! 1t 1mt (iJlllJll!

bqlilil1 l, 11n(il1 l 1111qfi!1 .111111i1,p111 lJi111flll(IIIIJ'lllll[l (lp111t111nfi) (Jl111.1111l1!Jllllll l•l1liil (1 S1111}l1!J 2h1 11l1mih l111111111 111ut1,11Uh11

-IOO

0,2

0,2 0,2 0,2

0,2 0,32 0,25

0,21 0,21

0,21 0,21

0,2

0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2

IOOO

A'

O'I

0,55 0,55 0,55 0,55 0,55

50()

umo

IOOO

0,2

::; � .i:, C Vi 0-.::,

l

=. 3 Jl

_s. er

Cl c:::

�=

Cl

:£i

l•Jmpt1

I\ 11111 011 111.1 l1li 1\(121111(111J11 m lil,01111 Jli(iplipl1 hu11111111 1; lnn(iunj 011m.1!1li 1t!1111111(111_1Jt 111(il,!Jlll t ?liliphJ1!1 h1mfo111

6. Utu1tl111g1uJ!Jli I, fuu(it111J,mtt.1111111(1i Ii Ill lh lfop11!Jli1lhli111[1 phppl,11

I I 'lll,n1(1111)1 u11(mq l11mt In116 2 t',lllilllflllll llllltUlli llll(HltJ

4. S!1imlu11lh l 1111ulu ll1 11n1h11 1 ll11put1 hJlh!l111 u111tJ1l1 lilip 2 I <l>111(1111u111tmm11 J ''lliu1h1m111hli 11111uu111111rh111111i

I

f1J11iJt llt1HJlllJl!J I, Ill.fl pfilul1111ti

I 2 I 't-111111ijun!1! J l1 11 11� p1uqm t111!1r1 h11l,11111111 11111n[milp J ismr11l11111t1u li11h muu1u111111mov 4 S111}1l1n liJ1h uum11111111j111011

N2 I

l

0,2

I I

0,09 0,3 0,09

IO

J

IO

;\

l

I

I

0,048 0,04 0,()35

0.1 0,15 0,13 0,055

(),I

rum

2,5 0,65

0,49 J

0,.1

l,45

C

0,55 0,45 0,25 0,25 0,5

�

Q

. §- � = 'E -'<= '°"":· 61 a' �

:' u

I

.\

I

0,4

0,095 0,4 0,1

0,05 0,045 0,045

0,12 0,15 O,lJ 0,1& 0,2 0,06

2.� 0,8

0,6

0,35

0,75 0,53 0,38 0,35 0,65

1,6S

A

IO

I

I

0,45

0,1 0,5 0,12

0,005 0,05 0,05

om

0,15 0,25 0,15 0,2 0,25

2,5 0,8

0,7

0,4

0,85 0,58 0,43 0,4 0,8

1,75

B

I

t

6,42

1,76 5,91 I ,4 7

0,38 0,76 0,79

J,31 4,21 .l,63 5,3 5,81 1.31

19,S JO

7,85 21,4

5,12

9,74 7,07 5,96 5,23 8,18

15,36

JO

A

I

I

I

5,96

1,85 6,77 1,66

0,42 0,85 0,85

3,82 5,SJ 6,6 2,02

19,5 11,03

8,7 21,4

5,7

10,93 7,07 6,85 6,03 9,48

16,I

B

S1hp1'i111lumli11ut!l 24 duni1(w 1J(ipU19l!llll�· t1.Q/li2·cl·0c

I

I

0,004

0,035 0.022 0,003

0,08

0,008 0,04] 0,003 0,008 0,0016 0,025

0,001 0,00!

0,014 0,001

0,013

0,012 0,01 0,02 0,015 0,015

0,004

� 01

.gis-� i:; ""'• �-=i \::l,:,'i:!. ,=r

§' s,'<=

l s, � �

.:.1m/li11/mu 6

.:.u121(mpl11uJ(1fi q11pomll1191ih pl!

tp6.mpm11m1tw6 1tmuntJ9llh11(1 b. fiJn1phpl1 2hpuwmb}u6ltltwltm6 gmgwfi}l26.hp1!

�wtf litt/WU 7

Qbnmg[it UWJIJ!Jl 01ul1G[121!

jN .i::

•

.= :::.i

::, ::, - .i:, :-.i:: ::, .:::'

&

-"' ""=

i..::

K ,J1 wpdbj!Gbp[! 2bnmgJli uwpj!mO 2JIJ11IJ12[1G 2bpowum[16wGJ1 t.. ;bG11Jl GbpuJl oqJl 2bpowmn[16mGJ1 mrnppbpmpJwG qbull!mo

ո---. ~40-45 45-50

50-55

55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80

80-[19 p wp lip

J.

2.

Vl

fil-in2[1g vbnmoh•Gbn l\l1 -140 t.. J\1140A, HJ\1-150 PA- 90 PA- 26 B - 85 "noAh3il" N2 6 EOP-2 "lm114wm[1g Jlmqm!wlf hbtnhJWL mnunlmu<'lbnml 1JJ1Cith 33 00 33-103 00 103-159 tltl

I

0,254 0,203 0,205 0,176 0,46 0,261

-

I 7,3

-

-

-

-

7,9

-

7,9

-

-

-

-

8,2 8,7 8,0 9,9 6,4 8,3

8,2 8,7 8,0 9,9 6,4 8,5

8,5 8,9 8,2 6,6 8,7

8,6 9,0 8,7 6,7 9,1

8,5 8,9 8.5 IO 6,6 8,9

I

I

I I I 9,5

9.5

9,5 9.5

11,5

CJlqwgomu Lm1lu1bJ1, 220 '-l

11,5

10,5 10.5

10,5 10.5

12,5 10.5

12,5 11,5 11.5

12,5 II

10.5

l 1mobGuobGmwI Ci JWOl.llbn, 220 '-l

!J

6.

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

:,

-N

6K-10 6-60 6K-100 f-300 r-500 f-10000

5.

7.

�wtflitt/WU 8 q1qmguwli t.. umuhliughmtuJtili ttUUUJ.lip.l1 imuwJtili t.. tthlJ.mp.wlJ.wli gmgwlitizlilip.l!

-

3. 4.

17.

18600

11' 5 11,9 14,5 15,4 16.6 18,6

AAU-30 AA-30 ;\6-30 A6-30 A/\TT-80 A6-30

48,2 54.5 70,0 75,0 44,5 65,3

18. 19. 20. 21.

uu.:.uti::3Ul, l. t!. I, ntp.l1zlilip., Uzwfumunufipll UJ.WZUlUJ.WfintpJntfi: bp.., lntJU, 1985, t2 352: UU.;.Ul13l.1.l, L U. I, m11l1zlilip., li:liliuwqnp.<'lmfilimpJtufi mfiij_uuufiqmpJmfi: bp.., 200lp., t2 197:

A./\EKCEEB C. B., YCEHKO B. P., r11rneHa TPYAa, M., MeA11Ql1Ha, 1988.

GA./\.vlHT M., I'vlYPAHvl vi., nrnxoAornH 6e3011acHocT11 TPYAa, M., 1968. c. 307. 6E;\5lKOB r. vi., npaKTl1KYM 110 oxpaHe TPYAa, M., Arpo11poM113AaT, 1988. 6e30l1aCHOCTb )KJ13HeAelJTeAbHOCTl1 (IIOA peA, 0. H. PycaKa). CaHKT­ neTep6ypr, 1992, C. 128. 60/\.bWOB M. M. 11 AP·, OxpaHa TPYAa B ceAbCKOM X03lllkTBe. CnpaB0qm1K. M., KoAoc, 1980, c. 51 t: AEHvlCEHKO r. Cl)., Oxpatta TPYAa, M., 1985. AOAl1H n. A, C11paB0qH11K 110 TexH11Ke 6e3011acHocm. M., 3Hepro­ aTOM113AaT, 1984. AO/\.vlH n. A., OcHOBbl TeXHl1Kl1 6e30IIaCHOCTI1 B 3AeKTpoyCTaHOBKax. M.. 3eHpn1ll, 1978. c. 408. ;.\P03AOB B. cD .. BeHTI1AllQl1ll. T. I, 2, M.. "BbIClllall llIKOAa", 1984r.

3Al1L(EB B. n., OxpaHa TPYM B )Kl1BOTHOBOACTBe. M., 1981.

3vlHl.fEHKO B. n. 11 AP•, OcHOBbl 3proHOM11Kl1. M., MrY, 1979, c. 343. KOHAPEB Cl). l'vl., OxpaHa TPYAa, M., KoAoc, 1990. K/\fOEB C. A., OcBew;e1me npoH3BOACTBeHHhIX 110Mew;eHm1. M., 3Heprnll, 1979, c. 142. KY3HEL(OB 3. M., OxpaHa TPYAa Ha npeA11PHllTHllX aBTOM06J1AbHOro TpaHcnopTa. M., TpaHCIIOpT, 1986. KOAECHvlK A. A. 11 AP·, KypcoBoe 11 AHIIAOMHoe npoeKmpoBaH11e. M., KoAoc, 1983r. KOTvlK M. A., nc11x0Aornll 11 6e3onacHoCTh. TaAAHH. BoAryc, 1981, c. 408. AYKOBHvlKOB A. B., Oxpatta TPYAa Ha 11peAIIp11llTHllX aBTOMo611Ab­ Horo TpaHcnopTa. M., TpattcnopT, 1986. OP1\0B r. r., OxpaHa TpyAa B cTpo11TeAbcTBe. M., KoAoc, 1984. OP1\ 0B r. r., CaHl1TapHO-TeXHJ1qeCKOe ycTpOHCTBO CeAbCKl1X 3AaH11H. M., Arpo11poM113AaT, 1986.

22. OcttOBbl HH:iKettepHOli IlCH.XO/\.Ofl111, IlOA peA. 6. (l). ,\Oi'toBa. ]'vi., 8.ill., 1986, c. 448. 23. Oxpatta TPYAa B !'1a1rnrnoCTpoettm1, IIOA peA. 6. 5L IOAHHa. M., fvlaum­ ttocTpoett11e, 1983. 24. Oxpatta OKpyX<aIOm;el1 cpeAbl. IlOA peA. C. B. 6eAOBa. l'\I., B.W., 1991. c. 307. 25. npaKTI1KyM rro oxpatte TPYAa. M., ArporrpoMtt3AaT, 1987. 26. PYCv!H B. vi., OPAOB r. r., Oxpatta TPYAa B ceAbcK0�1 cTpo11TeAbCTBe. M., ArporrpOH3AaT, 1987. c. 228. 27. Pv!AbLl,EB A. I'd., Oxpatta TpyAa B fHAPOTextt11qecK0�1 cTp011Te/\.hCTBe. M., B.W., 1983. 28. COAY5lHOB n. B. H. AP·• Oxpatta TPYAa, M .. Ko/1.oc, 1977, c. 380. 29. K)Av!H E. 5111 AP·, Oxpatta TpyAa B Ma1II11ttocTpoett1111. M., 1983, c. 432. 30. rocT 12.1.003-76 CC6T. WYl'd. 06rn,11e Tpe6osamrn 6e3onarnocm. 31. roCT 12.1.005-76 CCST. 803AYX pa6oqe11 30HbJ. 06m;11e cam1Taptto­ n1r11e1·111qecK11e Tpe6osauw1. 32. rocT 12.1.007-76 CC ST. BpeAHbJe nem;ecrna. KAaccmji11Ka1111si 11 06rn;11e Tpe6osatt11H 6e3orracttocn1. 33. roc::T 12.1.012-76 CC6T. B116pa1111}I. 06m;11e Tpe6osamrn 6e:mnarnocm.

Ufl. U.2l.H1Uu...............................................................................................................3 l. .;'.,UUli:USfiHcr5fi1'1, UU1,PSlli'tiU5ti U11Ul'•"u: UPSU'l-Pfil-Io-5Uu!.! ubPl1U3US�-'l. UU"uf>.Slli'f>.Ul1Uu ITJ.U.!,U1, Q"ubP[!................................ .4 I. I. Upu1U1qpU1IJ.U111 lifl.2U1tJ.U1Jpl1 Uiqqtgml}JntliJ! liUipqqUilig tJ.pUI: lJ112LUtJ.U1Jpfl. pw1 1ttU1tJ.litul1 majililipJ!................................................................6' 1.2. lJ112mtJ.tuJpfl. oqtpLmptupUiliwqwli UJ.UIJUtulililipJ! .......................................... 8 1.3. <I>n2m tuqqtgmpJillliJ! UUipqqUilig tJ.pUI: <l>nznt pUilituijl linpuUitJ.npntUJ!.... 11 1.4. '111tuum1J.tup L. pntl1U1tJ.n11 liJmpt11l1 wq11ligntl}JillliJ! Ullillll'1Uil1g tJ.ptu: upUilig linpliUitJ.npntliJ! ................................................................................... 13 1.5. OpqUili j1quj1 flliplituUJ.U1ZU1UJ.1UlimpJ1ul1 hlitupwtJ.npntpJmlililipJ!.................... 15 2. O'l-U<I>fiJufil-Io-5fi1'1, ........................................................................................... 22 2.1. Oqmip.njtunl)Jtuli htuliUiqwpqlipl! ..................................................................22 2.2. OqtmjmjUiltpJUili htuutup Uilihpwct lizm ptulitulJ.11 npnzntuJ! ........................... 22 2.3. Plimqwli 011mtjmjUI11pJntl1 ............................................................................. 25 2.4 UphtummlJ.Uili oqUiip.njumpJntli..................................................................... 27 2.5. OqtutJ.npLUIJ.tutJ.npntli ........................................................... ,. ......................... 31 2.6. Olli• UUippntliJ! tJ.liUiuUiqUip 11Jlll!Jli}lll9 .......................................................... 32 3. Qbfl. fi1'5fi1'lf ........................................................................................................ 35 3.1. Qtnmglimli htuliUiqUipqli}lJ!........................................................................... 35 � 3.2. UpmmqµmqUili ztlip umlillJ\ 2t11umpJmli pmlimliJ! ....................................... 39 3.3. QtµlimpJmli c}mtuul! mpmU1'lJ11U' 1m11 zlil1pnuL.............................................42 3.4. Qtnmguwli hmumlJ.mpqfl Ullli}lptpjl h1uztJ.wp.'1J!-...........................................44 4. lfi1'UU�Pfi1'Io-3fil-"u ........................................................................................47 4.1. lmuUitJ.npntpJtuliJ! 11tpqmJtu9tJ.Ill\ UJ.1Uhml12Utp.J! .......................................... 47 4.2. lmuU1mttulifl.'1wqwli hflulimqwli hmuqUigntpJmlililipJ! ................................48 4.3. Plituqmli tnmtutJ.npntpJmli.............................................................................5 1 4.4. Up htumwqmli tmuUitJ.npntpJntli ....................................................................55 5. QPU U1ISUlilli'lli'fi1'lf........................................................................................ 64 6. li:fi5fi1'-'l.P ............................................................................................................. 67 7. li-'l.lfli:UITJ.UCSITJ.U"ufi1'Io-5fi1'1, ........................................................................... 69

7.1. Uqdmlr 1,pw wqqhgmpJmfiJ.l dmpqm tJ.pw.................................................. 69 7.2. UttdmlJ.Ii finpdwtJ.npmUJ.l................................................................................. 73 7.3. liIJ.dmq qhd tqlllJPWPl1 hqtufimqfihpJ.1............................................................. 75 7.4. ITlwzmtqmfimpJmfi l1li:tJpwatuJfil19 h nqmptuotuJfitig.................................... 76 8. t-lN�f'O "lliCS ITJ.U1,0l-·li}3ill'·1, ............................................................................ 79 8.1. t-1.Iippwgtiw: 1,pw wqqhgmpJIHliJ.l dtupqm qptu ............................................ 79 8.2. <ll1ppwgl1tuJl1 mqqhgmpJtufi qwfi}utupqh1mdJ.1 .............................................. 82 9. ITJ.UCS"lU1,0l--[1}30l--1, tilifl. Uq.Us[l}U<.Uf'OHJ'f>.5 ......................................... 89 9.1. fl.nfiwgtj_tu(} litumuqtuJpmd ............................................................................ 89 9.2. lwqhpwJltfi litumuqtuJpmd ........................................................................... 92 • 9.3.t1hqmpwdmqfil1uwqtufi liwnwqwJpmd .......................................................... 95 l 0. U1,t.J.SU1,q.m, .[1}30l--1,C [1}0l-1,IJJ!MJ1'l:JUS1,t;f'fl. t;�l ITJ.Uf'Uf'Sli1,301'[1}t;f'fl. <.tiS UCiuUSt;Lfl.U ...................................................98 l 0.1. "lwhtqtufidwfi wlitJ.mwfiqmpJntliJ.1............................................................... 98 l 0.2. <I>n}uwqpdtufi wlitJ.mmfiqmpJmfiJ.l .............. ............................................... 100 l 0.3. Oqmtuqnp(}dtufi wlitJ.mmfiqmpJntliJ.1 ......................................................... l O l 10.4. Ufihwwtuqtufi tqwzuitqtulintpJWfi uti�ngfihpJ.1 pmfiwpl1dl11J.wmfihpl1 Ill tqmpwpmwfiJmphpl1 hhm wz}uwwhtlm..................................................... l 03

fl.. U. '1.U1,'1-t>l3U1,, .:.. lf. UUf'<+U3U1,, .:.. [c)-. <.U4flf!3U1,

UPSll'l-f'lll1Uu um.,t,SUf't>U (mumdfi1uqmfi ohnfiwpq) P. A. KAH,\11,\5IH, r. i\l. CAPK11CHH. 0. T. AKOOHH

nPOvt3B0ACTBEHHA5I CAHI1TAPl151

(yqe6Hoe rroco6ue)